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Today In History

Lena Horne, singer, actress, and dancer whose talent has earned her much admiration and fame, was born in Brooklyn, NY, on this date June 30 1917.

Horne’s career spanned over seventy years, appearing in film, television, and theatre.

She’s known for films such as ‘Cabin in the Sky’ and ‘The Wiz’ as well as the musical and trademark song, “Stormy Weather.” “Porgy and Bess” the album with her and Harry Belafonte was critically acclaimed.

Lena Horne was also known for her work with civil rights groups and refused to play roles that stereotyped African American women, a stance that many found controversial.

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Today In History

James Van Der Zee, photographer, who captured the likes of Muhammad Ali, Marcus Garvey, Jean-Michel Basquia, Bill “Bojangles” Robinson, Countee Cullen, and the “Harlem Renaissance” was born in Lennox, MA, on this date June 29, 1886.

Residents of Harlem turned to Van Der Zee and his camera to mark special occasions. His carefully composed, cosmopolitan photographs conveyed the personalities, aspirations, and spirit of his sitters.

Aside from the artistic merits of his work, Van Der Zee produced the most comprehensive documentation of the period.

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Today In History

Thurgood Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Lyndon Johnson on this date June 13, 1967. Marshall became the Supreme Court’s first African American Associate Justice.

After graduating from Howard University, Marshall became a staff lawyer under Houston for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP); in 1938 he became the lead chair in the legal office of the NAACP, and two years later he was named chief of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

As an attorney, he successfully argued before the Court the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), which declared unconstitutional racial segregation in American public schools.

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Today In History

Alex Haley receives a special Pulitzer Prize for Roots on this date April 19, 1977.

Roots: The Saga of an American Family is a 1976 novel written by Alex Haley. It tells the story of Kunta Kinte, an 18th-century African, captured as an adolescent, sold into slavery in Africa, and transported to North America; it follows his life and the lives of his descendants in the United States down to Haley. The release of the novel, combined with its hugely popular television adaptation, Roots (1977), led to a cultural sensation in the United States.

Haley is also widely known for ‘The Autobiography of Malcolm X,’ but many don’t know he helmed a series of ground breaking articles for Playboy magazine while co-authoring The Autobiography of Malcolm X.

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Today In History

Both an esteemed actor and a respected humanitarian, Sidney Poitier received an Academy Award for Best Actor for Lilies of the Field on this date April 13, 1964. Poitier was the first African American to receive an Oscar for a leading role.

By consistently refusing to play the stereotypical roles that were offered to him as a African American actor, Poitier blazed a trail for himself and the performers who followed him.

By the time he earned a Best Actor Oscar nomination for The Defiant Ones (1958), his work in such films as The Blackboard Jungle (1955) had made him America’s first prominent African American film star. With his historic Oscar win for Lilies of the Field, Poitier became only the second African American to win an Academy Award. The first was Hattie McDaniel, who won in the Best Supporting Actress category in 1939 for Gone with the Wind. McDaniel played Mammy, the enslaved governess to the spoiled Southern belle Scarlett O’Hara. Critics of the film, including the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), pointed to the role as an example of the typical Black stereotypes that Hollywood was keeping alive.

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Today In History

Herbie Hancock contemporary jazz composer, musician, band leader and actor was born in Chicago Illinois on this date April 12, 1940.

Herbie Hancock is a true icon of modern music. Throughout his explorations, he has transcended limitations and genres while maintaining his unmistakable voice. With an illustrious career spanning five decades and 14 Grammy® Awards, including Album of the Year for River: The Joni Letters, he continues to amaze audiences across the globe.

There are few artists in the music industry who have had more influence on acoustic and electronic jazz and R&B than Herbie Hancock. As the immortal Miles Davis said in his autobiography, “Herbie was the step after Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk, and I haven’t heard anybody yet who has come after him.”

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Today In History

Billie Holiday, influential blues legend, was born in Philadelphia, PA, on this date April 7, 1915.

Holiday first rose to prominence in the 1930’s with a unique style that reinvented the conventions of modern singing and performance. More than 80 years after making her first recording Billie’s legacy continues to embody what is elegant and cool in contemporary music.

Also known as Lady Day, Billie Holliday autobiography was made into the 1972 film Lady Sings the Blues starring Diana Ross as Billy Holiday.

The evocative, soulful voice which she boldly put forth as a force for good, turned any song she sang into her own.

Today, Billie Holiday is remembered for her musical masterpieces, her songwriting skills, creativity and courageous views on inequality and justice. In 2000, Holiday was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

In 2021 the film The United States vs. Billie Holilday Directed by Lee Daniels @leedaniels and stars Andra Day @andradaymusic in the lead role playing Billie Holliday won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress.

“Southern trees bear a strange fruit Blood on the leaves and blood at the root Black bodies swinging in the Southern breeze Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees…

Pastoral scene of the gallant south The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth Scent of magnolias, sweet and fresh Then the sudden smell of burning flesh…

Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck For the sun to rot, for the tree to drop Here is a strange and bitter crop.” - Strange Fruit, Billy Holiday. Originally written in 1937 by Abel Meeropol

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Today In History

Clara “Mother” Hale, founded the Hale House, a sanctuary for drug-addicted and HIV/AIDS-infected babies in Harlem, NY—she was born in Elizabeth City, NC, on this date April 1, 1905.

Mother Hale was much more than a mother, a wife and businesswoman. She was a great humanitarian, a champion of the principles of self-determination and a caregiver of all caregivers.

Through her devotion to her own three children she was inspired to reach out to others in her community who were in need of nurturing.

“My daughter says she was almost sixteen before she realized all these other kids weren’t her real sisters and brothers. Everyone called me ‘Mommy.”‘

Hale was honored many times during her life. Despite the accolades, throughout the years, Mother Hale’s thoughts were always with the needy children who were brought to her for assistance. In 1986, she told Herschel Johnson of Ebony that, “I’d like for it to go down in history that we taught our children to be proud Black American citizens, and that they learned they could do anything, and that they could do it for themselves.”

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Today In History

Pearl Bailey, famed entertainer, was born in Newport News, VA, on this date March 29, 1918.

At the age of 15 Bailey quit her high school in Philadelphia for a career as a singer and dancer. She appeared in cafés, nightclubs, and theatres in northeastern American cities, and at times she sang with big bands, including those led by Cootie Williams and Count Basie.

She appeared in her first Broadway musical, St. Louis Woman, in 1946 and her first film, Variety Girl, in 1947.

In her later years Bailey wrote several books: The Raw Pearl (1968), Talking to Myself (1971), Pearl’s Kitchen (1973), and Hurry Up, America, and Spit (1976). In 1975 she was appointed special ambassador to the United Nations by Pres. Gerald Ford. She enrolled in Georgetown University and at age 67 graduated with a bachelor’s degree in theology. Her last book, Between You and Me (1989), details her experiences with higher education. In 1988 Bailey received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Pres. Ronald Reagan.

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Today In History

A full nine months before Rosa Parks refused to give her bus seat up for a white person, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin is arrested on March 2, 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated Montgomery, Alabama bus.

Colvin was traveling home from school when the bus’ driver ordered her, along with three fellow Black students, to give up their row of seats to a white passenger. Colvin’s friends obliged, but she refused to move. At school, she had recently learned about abolitionists, and later recalled that “it felt like Sojourner Truth was on one side pushing me down, and Harriet Tubman was on the other side of me pushing me down. I couldn’t get up.”

The Montgomery Bus Boycott—considered the first large-scale U.S. demonstration against segregation—came to a close on December 20, 1956, 381 days after it began, and one year, nine months and 18 days after Colvin’s arrest.

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Trayvon Martin

We will never forget.

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Today In History

Joe Frazier knocked out Jimmy Ellis in New York City to become the World Heavyweight Boxing Champion on this date February 16, 1970.

Joseph William Frazier nicknamed “Smokin’ Joe”, competed professionally from 1965 to 1981. He was known for his strength, durability, formidable left hand, and relentless pressure fighting style and was the first boxer to defeat Muhammad Ali.

27 KOs 32 Wins-4 Loses 1 Draw

When Frazier retired from professional boxing, he became a community leader and advocate for the youth by opening up a boxing gym to keep the youth off the streets of Philadelphia.

Know by boxing critics and fans, as pound for pound one of the greatest fighters of all time.

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Today In History

Dr. George Washington Carver, scientist and discoverer of over 300 products from the peanut, was successful in getting a Branch Agricultural Experiment Station and Agricultural School at Tuskegee Normal School on this date February 15, 1897.

Born a slave on a Missouri farm in 1865, Carver became the first black student and the first black faculty member at what is now Iowa State University. The well-respected botanist led the bacterial laboratory work in the Systematic Botany Department. But at the urging of Booker T. Washington, Carver moved to Tuskegee Institute in Alabama to serve as the school’s director of agriculture. He used his agricultural research to help black farmers become more self-sufficient and less reliant on cotton, the major cash crop of the South.

Carver developed numerous products and processes that expanded the range of Southern agriculture. At Tuskegee, Carver developed his crop rotation method, which alternated nitrate-producing legumes such as peanuts and corn with cotton, which depletes the soil of its nutrients. His innovations have been credited with the South’s economic survival in the early part of the 20th century.

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Today In History

Long after the Mississippi justice system gave up on the murder prosecution of Medgar Evers, Myrlie Evers kept the case alive.

When Myrlie Evers was told in 1989 that new information in her late husband’s decades-old murder case was unlikely to move the gears of justice, she did not react in anger.

Instead, she listened carefully as Mississippi prosecutor Bobby DeLaughter explained that the state couldn’t find any of the evidence from a past prosecution. Then, Myrlie calmly asked that his team “Just try.“

Faced with the overwhelming odds of a case with few surviving jurors, and a public that had long since seemed to move on from the tragedy, others might have backed down. Instead, Myrlie Evers fought to have the murder case reopened—a battle she had waged for 30 years.

On February 5, 1994, white supremacist Byron De La Beckwith faced a more racially diverse jury, in the third trial for the murder of Medgar Evers. When the guilty verdict was read, Myrlie Evers-Williams wept. Afterwards, reported the Los Angeles Times, she jumped for joy, then looked up to the sky, saying “Medgar, I’ve gone the last mile of the way.”

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Today In History

Leroy “Satchel” Paige, baseball legend, was named all-time outstanding player by the National Baseball Congress on this date January 30, 1965.

Satchel was a legend in both the Negro League and Major League Baseball. He was the first player from the Negro League to be elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971.

Leroy “Satchel” Paige, maybe the greatest pitcher baseball ever knew, lives on in the stories of the men who hit – or tried to hit – a man who was still a star long after most players had left the limelight.

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Today In History

Born January 26, 1892, Elizabeth “Bessie” Coleman became the first woman of African American and Native American descent to earn an aviation pilot’s license, as well as the first person of African American and Native American descent to earn an international aviation license from the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.

Aviation professionals and aficionados continue to be inspired by Bessie’s daring and determination.

“The air is the only place free from prejudices. I knew we had no aviators, neither men nor women, and I knew the Race needed to be represented along this most important line, so I thought it my duty to risk my life to learn aviation.”

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