Soviet Space Race era poster (1962)
Text: KPSS - Glory! (KPSS = CPSU - Communist Party of Soviet Union, official name of Communist party after WW2)
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Soviet Space Race era poster (1962)
Text: KPSS - Glory! (KPSS = CPSU - Communist Party of Soviet Union, official name of Communist party after WW2)
Lomonosov Venus Lander by Mark Maxwell 1986. From the book Visions of Space by David Hardy (1989)
Russian Space Suit
by Bri_J
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Maurits Cornelis Escher(Dutch,1898-1972)
The 2nd Day of the Creation 1925
M. C. Escher, Relativity, 1956.
Other World (1947) - Maurits Cornelis Escher
Maurits Cornelis Escher, Self-Portraits; Spherical Mirror, Circular Mirror, Holding the Sphere (Lithography, woodcut and photography), 1929 - 1943.
NOT DETECTED
Maurits Cornelis Escher 1921
M.C. Escher (Dutch, 1898-1972), Overdekt steegje in Atrani [Covered alley in Atrani], 1931. Wood engraving on Japon, sheet: 210 x 157 mm.
M.C. Escher, Phosphorescent Sea, 1933.
The Klein Bottle is “an example of a non-orientable surface; informally, it is a surface (a two-dimensional manifold) in which notions of left and right cannot be consistently defined. Other related non-orientable objects include the Möbius strip and the real projective plane. Whereas a Möbius strip is a surface with boundary, a Klein bottle has no boundary (for comparison, a sphere is an orientable surface with no boundary).” More.
The Klein Bottle can only exist in 4 dimensions.
Image source.
Klein Bottle
Mathematica is a commercial mathematical software known for its user friendly interface, language, formatting, and graphics. Mathematica is developed by Wolfram Research, founded in 1987 by S. Wolfram.
The above images were all generated by Mathematica for the 1992 User’s Guide for Macintosh. It is likely that these images are copyrighted by Wolfram research.
These images are, in pairs, wireframe and single colour styles of the same underlying object.
The first pair is a knotted torus, the knot has no given name, but has braid word (1122-1-1-2-21-21-2) [I use additive notation for lack of TeX].
The second pair is a complex variety of some sort.
The third pair is the Mandelbrot set.
The fourth pair is the famous figure 8 immersion of the Klein Bottle. It’s famous because the two mobius bands are readily seen.
The last pair is simply “conchoids”, i.e. spiraling conics. That is, in cylindric coordinates, the surface is a spiral for every height and is a conic (in this case a circle) for every angle.
What is amazing, is that the input code that generates all of these is shorter than what I have written in this post. This is because these are actually very simple objects, yet they quite clearly contain an abundance of inherent mathematical beauty.
The mathemagician’s room - by, now it comes, meeeee :P
It’s a place full of wonder, strangeness and bizarre beauty: the room - or should I say space - of a “mathemagician”… It’s a common optical illusion, a kind of tricky paradox. “If our brains are simple enough for us to understand them, then we’d be so simple that we couldn’t.” ~ Quote by Ian Steward (a mathematician) In my mind, mathematics equals (somehow) magic, mathematics is magic, therefor “mathemagic” :P The floor self is an impossible figure - a typical symbol for paradoxes… The spirals on the chessboard-floor are Fibonacci spirals. (If you want to know more, then check out my Phi/Fibonacci tag. This drawing is mostly about the beauty of Phi Φ, Psi ψ and the Fibonacci-sequence. The fibonacci sequence The fibonacci sequence works this way: 1+1 = 2 1+2 = 3 2+3 = 5 3+5 = 8 5+8 = 13 8+13 = 21 13+21 = 34 21+34 = 55 34+55 = 89 55+89… … and so on… The sequence then is: 1;1;2;3;5;8;13;21;34;55;89;……. Let’s play with these numbers! 1/1=1 2/1=2 3/2=1.5 5/3=1.66666… 8/5=1.6 13/8=1.625 21/13=1.615384 … 34/21=1.6190476… … …If we continue this more and more, it will come closer and closer to a mathematial constant: Phi Φ Btw: Φ=1.618033988749894848… It can be calculated as followed: Φ= 1+√5’ /2 __________________ Phi, the golden ratio as ratio: If you have two lines: The proportions are 1to1.618: Or here demonstrated: 10 to 16.18 Like: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (16 (aka~16.18)lines) This is the proportion/ratio stupidly demonstrated in a text. xD
Psi ψ Psi is the golden angle. Its value is about 137.5°. So.. Let’s connect Φ with π (Pi) ψ = 2π -2π/Φ = ~2.40 And now we show this as an angle: 2.40/2π = x/360° (2π is the circumference of a circle (consider without r or r=1 :P ); 2π is equal to a 360° circle: So 2.40 of 2π (It’s about 6.2831) is equal to x of 137.5°) And here the x equals ~137.5° :P 2.40/2π = x/360° : And now we solve the equation for x → *360 x = 2.40/2π *360 = 137.5 Yepp, that’s math :P The golden angle can be found in nature almost everywhere! Did you ever wondered about the awesome arrangement of the blossoms’ leaves? Check out this picture:
I would also recommend you to read the golden angle article of wikipedia Math can be really beautiful - Psi, Phi and Fibonacci show you the most awesome aspects of math! :) _________________________________ After all I would really recommend you to visit my phi/fibonacci tag again^^ There you can find REALLY awesome things, such as finding Phi, the golden ratio ind the proportions of your body, your hand, bee population, plants etc… it’s just WOW! :)
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This picture is dedicated to the beauty of mathematics, as well as the majesty of the Fibonacci-sequence, the golden ratio and the golden angle, which appear to be a sort of important algorithm in life… :) ________________________________ Because I am a real math advocate, here are some quotes too: • “Mathematical beauty is a highly abstract, inner beauty, a beauty of abstract form and logical structure, a beauty that can be observed, and appreciated, only by those sufficiently well trained in the discipline.” ~ Keith Devlin • “The difference between the poet and the mathematician is that the poet tries to get his head into the heavens while the mathematician tries to get the heavens into his head.” ~ G.K. Chesterson • “Nevertheless, the fact is that there is nothing as dreamy and poetic, nothing as radical, subversive, and psychedelic, as mathematics. It is every bit as mind blowing as cosmology or physics… and allows more freedom of expression than poetry, art, or music… Mathematics is the purest of the arts, as well as the most misunderstood.” ~ Paul Lockhart Have a good day :)
Klein Bottle