On cognitive biases distorting how we see womenâs representation
Why do people think the world is "feminised", even though women are still significantly underrepresented in politics, leadership and media representation?
Because people don't notice the absence of women, but they notice the presence of any women, no matter how few.
"When underrepresentation is the everyday default, even the presence of a lone minority can start to feel like âplenty,â while a small handful may already seem like âtoo many.â Our stereotype-saturated minds can pull a strange trick: we overestimateâââsometimes wildlyâââhow many women and minority-group members are actually present in a given environment.
In another relatively recent study published in BMJ Open, more than 400 medical professionals in the UK were asked to estimate the proportion of women across different areas of medicineâââgeneral practice, medical specialities, surgical specialitiesâââand in various professional roles. Yet despite working in the field themselves and presumably having a better grasp of its demographics than the general public, participants consistently overestimated the number of women in nearly every category.3 The largest distortion occurred in surgery, where respondents estimated that women made up around 25% of surgery consultants/GPs, when the real figure was only 14%. And, as in the PNAS study, both female and male participants showed comparable levels of overestimation.
A similar pattern emerged in a 2018 Ipsos survey. Nearly 20,000 respondents across 27 countries were asked to estimate the percentage of women holding top CEO positions worldwide. Their average guess? 20%. The actual figure? Just 3%."



















