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wonderworldmotion

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wandering-jana

Sandstone Falls

New River Gorge National Park, West Virginia

Oct. 13, 2025

lionfloss

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quentaphotos

Fluted Karren Boulders at Bullock Creek, by Steve Reekie:

Bullock Creek is a limestone gorge that runs through lush coastal rainforest in the Paparoa National Park near Punakiki, on the West Coast of the South Island. Karren is the name given to the weathered limestone rock formations typically found in karst landscapes. Karst is the name given to landscapes which are dominated by limestone outcrops and sinkholes. Limestone is a calciferous rock, created on ancient seabeds by the layering down of marine organisms and sand. After it is lifted out of the sea, the rock begins to corrode along the natural fissures between layers, due to the seepage of water containing carbon dioxide from organic matter in the environment. As these fissures widen, the increased flow of water carries through slit, sand, gravel, pebbles, and then rocks, which carve out larger passages forming limestone caves. Where the corrosion and erosion happens on exposed limestone rocks, fluted edges are often carved out, creating the distinctive karren landscape.