How to study foreign languages: a very brief guide
Iâve learnt/am learning Mandarin, French and German as foreign languages (and am no way qualified) but I hope this will be useful in some way :)Â
Iâve always wanted to study languages and come from a 3 generation language brokering household (and the problems thatâs caused!) yet grew up as the lone monolingual in the sea of bilingual relatives, which has caused a lot of anxiety in the way of languages.Â
So the first thing is that you have to want to learn it, not just to do it for schoolâs sake. Iâve been in both boats, and the second one sucks. It makes it so difficult to learn, and trust me - itâs not worth it. Do it because you love it. Here are 700 reasons to learn a language! Personally, I do it so I can connect with a whole other culture. Being bilingual is my current goal. Ignore the âmost usefulâ, ânever going to use itâ etc. I really regret not taking up Latin and one of my motherâs biggest regrets is not taking Arabic. Just do it.Â
The number one thing to do is immersion.Â
Put little Post Its with the e.g. Japanese word for lamp on your lamp, for example. You may want to colour code these, or put a little key in the corner to tell you more about the word (case, declension etc.). There are premade ones here.Â
Make a colourful poster with some vocab/grammar rules and put it on your wall.Â
Listen to the music, embrace the culture (v. important!) perhaps with Youtube videos, TV or podcasts. This is great for picking up slang, accent and learning to converse.Â
Try thinking in the language!Â
Read in the language, even childrenâs books/fairytales or magazines! By way of books, itâs always a good idea to start with something you know, like Harry Potter. Try a reader or newspaper.
There are tons of free, great websites out there. There are classics but there are more fun ones, like Lyrics Training where you have to fill in the blanks of a song as you listen to it! (Itâs actually really hard.)
Invest in a good dictionary (free/paper/online etc.)Â
Downloading a free dictionary in the language to mother tongue on your mobile/Kindle etc. is also possible.
If this is independently, try to stick to one course and supplement that, instead of jumping around several different courses. Once you get to a proficient level, you can start spreading yourself thin.Â
Second is to find a community. Self-learning with a book is all good, but find friends. Friends willing to test you, support you, chat with you in their native tongue etc. Go to meet ups, attend conferences or competitions. Rope your friends into doing it.
Thirdly, record. One of the most important things is vocab - and make sure you have it.Â
No matter if on apps like Duolingo, Quizlet, Memrise, Anki etc. or in personalised little colourful notebooks, this is important.Â
Maybe make flashcards to take with you on a bus ride!Â
Remember that vocab is like, huge so a step at a time - so do this every day if you want the best results. You want long term memory esp!Â
However, there are only a few hundred words you need to know for conversation. For a class, thatâs another story. So if this is independent, you only need to learn the first few hundred most common words to be conversational.
Youâll need to know the writing system for this. From the very beginning, you need to start writing and thinking in the actual system, whether it be in Cyrillic or the Japanese writing system. Donât depend on the Latin, if thatâs what youâre used to.Â
Learn the pronunciation of each letter/combinations initially, which will help in pronouncing words.
Spaced repetition is the best way to learn vocab. Just learning lists wonât work in the long run. This is when apps become your friends.Â
Instead of translating words into your heads, try learn it as it is. When you learn vocab in your mother tongue, you match it to an image or scenario in your mind. Therefore, as youâre effectively relearning life, just start memorising vocabulary in pictures, not in e.g. English. So for flashcards, you may want to do it foreign language to picture/sentence scenario instead.Â
Although consolidation is great, donât review too much. Youâll put yourself into a slump because you wonât feel like youâre going anywhere.Â
Know your grammar. Learn your rules until you donât have to think about it.Â
#4 - remember that learning a language is like learning how to walk again. Itâs hard. Donât be discouraged (see number 2). Find motivation all around you and think of a goal. Donât feel ashamed - native speakers love to help do things like Skype calls, you just need to let them help.Â
5) If youâre studying for an exam or doing this at school, keep a copy of the spec, required word list and the textbook by you when revising.Â
The most important thing is for the grammar to come naturally to you like your mother tongue so you can listen to what theyâre saying instead of translating it in your head.Â
Remember that youâre ultimately learning for learningâs sake.Â
Donât just stick to class resources, try many different things out there (see 1).Â
But as per usual, know your spec, todayâs course outline, read ahead, take notes, ask questions, converse (all with a dictionary on hand).Â
But trust me when I say that if you just memorise your vocab list for the quiz, you wonât remember it by the time you come to exams. You have to consolidate, and the easiest way to do that is 1).Â
Ask your classmates to pool doing vocab, so perhaps one person do a few topics each (making lists/uploading to Quizlet etc.) so you donât have to spend so much time doing it.Â
Itâs quite difficult to cram, so donât rely on it.Â
Your teacher will have a ton of resources and will only be happy to help. Donât pay unless necessary.Â
SIX - PRACTICE Â but the normal studyblr rules apply e.g. breaks, water, atmosphere, scheduling etc. etc. (I can do an in depth post if you want it specific to langs). Also, learn from your mistakes. Not only do you write it out, saying stuff out loud is key. Voila - your golden ticket: speak it.Â
My mother is bilingual, learnt two langs for fun and one for uni. She likes her vocab done in tables, and her grammar done in topics, with loads of examples. She is a firm believer in travelling and practicing, rewriting etc. etc. I now use apps for my vocab as I have too much to rewrite and not enough time and I keep adding words to different topics and it wonât make sense. For topics, I do it Cornell style/outlining notes and for literature I just do it how I normally do lit - annotate in the book with flags and highlighting etc. etc. Donât forget that this isnât all your revision - the best way to make sure you memorise literature is past papers and asking yourself questions. And quotes. For lit guys, seriously - quotes.
Just remember learning a language is not just learning words, itâs part of a culture. Try something like âMy goal is to try get a native to think Iâm native too for 30 secondsâ (quite popular among polyglots) because thatâs actually really hard! This will require some people watching - mannerisms, clothing etc. but thatâs always fun! Make friends. Remember itâs the people that count. Find people on Tumblr or pen pals even to write to.Â
If you would like a more in depth post on any aspect (if youâre a beginner, or doing any exam) and I will post my notes and methods at some point if someone wants them. Also, I specialise in German if that helps anyone?