[ ap madness ]

high school senior rambles about ap economics, ap us government, and ap physics c. as a junior, she wrote about about apush and ap biology. feel free to ask questions about any of these subjects (or others that i've taken) or check out the indexes above.

[ap-madness]

useful to brush up on those equations you might need for the mechanics multiple choice!

[ap-madness]

A 1kg ball has a moment of inertia of 100 kg m^2 through an axis X, somewhere off center from its center of mass. There is a second axis 4 m away from axis X that has a moment of inertia of 70 kg m^2. What is the maximum possible moment of inertia through a third axis that is 4 m away from both of the first two?

i have a 2.54kg physics textbook. i am currently beating you over the head with it. what is the moment of inertia of the me-textbook system with regards to an axis through the center of mass, and what is the maximum amount of damage i will inflict?

[ap-madness]

[ ap biology last minute tips ]

this is more of a public service announcement: first, that i have biology resources posted in my biology tag, and second, that those may be out of date because of the recent ap exam update.

if you're looking for more up to date information, here is a practice test released for the 2013 exam.

[ap-madness]

okay so let's say i don't do so well on this test and my credits don't transfer to my college, do i have to retake the class next year in college or what happens?

it depends on the requirements for your college. for example, if you take ap calculus and do poorly, you’ll probably still have to take math courses in college; on the other hand, if you take ap art history and do poorly, you won’t have to take an art history course in college unless there’s specific requirements that say you have to take one to graduate.

i hope that makes sense?

[ap-madness]

If it helps anyone at all for APLit, my teacher is a reader for the essays and advises students not to reference Hamlet for the free response essay. So many kids use it that the readers get tired of it and grade all the Hamlet essays poorly. (Also, good luck everyone!)

posting this because it seems logical, although if you think you can pull off a better essay with hamlet than anything else, definitely go for it. c:

[ap-madness]

[ ap literature analysis, terms, and tips ]

a not-entirely brief run-down of which literary terms are most important to know, and how i use them in essays. ^ denotes those that aren't as important to know.

FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE metaphor - direct comparison of two unlike things simile - comparison of two unlike things using 'like' or 'as' personification - assigning human characteristics to nonhumans ^ metonymy - referring to something by something associated with it; e.g. 'hollywood' for the movie industry allusion - indirect reference to another work (not actually figurative language, but i write about them in the same way) figurative language (and allusions) usually expands the meaning of a work by relating it to the ideas evoked by something else.

SOUND euphony - melodic, 'good'-sounding cacophony - harsh, 'bad'-sounding assonence - repetition of vowel sounds consonence - repetition of consonent sounds alliteration - repetition of initial consonent sounds end rhyme - last syllable in a line rhymes with the last syllable in another line repetition of sounds is often interpreted as pleasing to the ear, and contributes to 'good' feelings from a work. slant, near, eye, approximate rhyme - words that almost rhyme, but don't slant rhymes are often discordant and otherwise 'off-putting' - they suggest a 'wrongness' to the work because you expect one thing (for them to rhyme) and get another. couplet - two lines that rhyme, next to each other repetition - self-explanatory parallelism - repetition of the same syntax couplets and repetition draw attention to and emphasize certain ideas.

RHYTHM / METER iambic - pattern of one unstressed syllable, followed by a stressed syllable blank verse - usually non-rhyming poetry written in iambic pentameter iambic meter has been referred to as the 'heartbeat' rhythm and is pleasing to the ear. i like to interpret it as being 'sing-song' and comfortable. ^ [prefix]meter - number of feet (rhythmic units) in a line; e.g. iambic pentameter has five sets of unstressed syllables followed by stressed syllables

TONE AND MOOD tone - the attitude the writer or narrator has towards the subject mood or atmosphere - feeling evoked by the language used by the author

FORM enjambment - lines that don't end with punctuation, but instead spill over into the next line enjambment often conveys a sensation of being 'rushed.' (i also like to talk about this when you have listing, run-on sentences, or lack of conjunctions in poetry.) ^ caesura - a pause in the middle of a line; e.g. 'of unreflecting love; - then on the shore / of the wide world i stand alone, and think' caesuras usually indicate a shift in tone. ^ apostrophe - direct address; e.g. 'bright star! would i were steadfast as thou art.'

TYPES OF POETRY ode - poem of praise; e.g. keats' 'ode to a grecian urn' narrative - poem that tells a story; e.g. coleridge's 'rime of the ancient mariner' lyric - poem that expresses a feeling; e.g. wordsworth's 'i wandered lonely as a cloud' it's important to know that poems can have elements of both narrative and lyric poems. elegy - poem of mourning; e.g. whitman's 'o captain! my captain!' petrarchan / italian sonnet - sonnet written with a sestet (six lines) and octet (eight lines) seperated by a volta volta - a shift in tone or thought, usually found in a petrarchan sonnet shakespearean / english sonnet - sonnet written with three quatrains (four lines) and a couplet at the end the easiest way to distinguish between petrarchan and shakespearean sonnets is to look for the couplet at the end. ^ pastoral - poetry about nature, especially rural or farm life

[ap-madness]

Any ap world history?

i don’t believe i posted anything specifically about ap world history, although i think scholasticwhimsy is doing a nice series of posts on them. c: i took it freshman year, so while you’re welcome to ask me questions about it, i don’t know the details too clearly.

[ap-madness]

ap-madness is back, back, back!

...well, not exactly. i'm studying for ap lit, physics c, microeconomics, and u.s. government, and the first two aren't really things you can blog about, although i'll make some brief posts on them. but i'll definitely be posting econ and gov study materials later this week.

and for anyone just now discovering this blog - check out my apush index and ap biology tag for materials on those; i've forgotten a lot but i may still be able to answer some questions.

good luck to all of you on your ap exams, and i hope that once again, i'll come in mildly useful. c:

[ap-madness]

i just wanted to say thank you to all of you for all the nice messages i received about your ap score successes!  c:  i'm so glad to hear that many of you passed, and if my tumblr had anything to do with it - well, all's the better!

[ap-madness]

THANK YOU FOR EXISTING YOUR BLOG HELPED ME SO MUCH WITH BIO AND APUSH MAY YOU BE BLESSED WITH FIVES

THANK YOU FOR READING I AM HAPPY MY BLOG HELPED YOU A LOT AND MAY YOU RECEIVE MANY GIFTS OF THE FIVE NATURE AS WELL.

[ap-madness]

they usually have form b exams right? because i didn't take the apush exam on friday due to a medical emergency.

yep. c: form b's usually about a week or two after all the aps are finished. make sure you talk to your school about registering, though, since the college board is kind of strict about form b exams.

[ap-madness]

what was this year's apush frq and dbq on?

you can find them on the college board website here, since they've been released.since someone asked and i didn't feel comfortable discussing then, i answered frqs 3 and 5.

[ap-madness]

so, aps are done with - at least for me. ♥ i wish you all luck on any further aps you have to take, and hope that when you open up that envelope in the third week of july, there are lots of 5's waiting for you. c: i'll - hopefully - see you next year for the next round of ap madness. ;D

[ap-madness]

[ hormones overview ]

TWO TYPES OF HORMONES peptide hormones - are made of proteins (e.g. insulin, growth hormone) - binds to a receptor in the plasma membrane - binding changes the shape of the protein, triggering a secondary messenger - the secondary messenger activates a number of already-existing enzymes that do the job needed (enzyme cascade) - acts more quickly than steroid hormones steroid hormones - are made of steroids (e.g. sex hormones) - pass through the plasma membrane (lipid soluble) and bind to a receptor in the nucleus - binding of the receptor activates mRNA synthesis and protein synthesis - slow-acting because new proteins have to be created IMPORTANT GLANDS / HORMONES TO KNOW - this is in no way a complete list of all the hormones that might be tested, just the ones i think are most likely to show up on the ap hypothalamus - regulates anterior pituitary secretions (and thus, the entire endocrine system) posterior pituitary - antidiuretic (ADH) - promotes water reabsorption by the kidneys anterior pituitary - basically produces hormones that stimulate, like, every other gland in the endocrine system - growth - does exactly what it sounds like thyroid - T4 and T3 - iodine-based hormones that increase metabolism and regulate growth - calcitonin - lowers blood calcium levels parathyroid - parathyroid - increases blood calcium adrenal cortex - cortisol - long-term stress hormone adrenal medulla - epinephrine (adrenaline) - 'flight or fight' response pancreas - insulin - lowers blood glucose level, increases glycogen formation - glucagon - increases blood glucose level, increases glycogen breakdown gonads - sex hormones thymus - promotes T lymphocyte formation and maturation (which occurs here)

[ap-madness]

[ domains overview ]

BACTERIA / EUBACTERIA - prokaryotes (lack membrane-bound nuclei, but do have ribosomes) - reproduce asexually through binary fission - have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan - cyanobacteria were the first photosynthetic organisms and are found in a symbiotic relationship with fungi in lichens ARCHAEA / ARCHAEBACTERIA - prokaryotes - more closely related to eukaryotic cells than bacteria - adapted to extreme conditions and often chemoautotrophic (able to create energy from breaking down inorganic chemicals) EUKARYA - have membrane-bound organelles, especially nuclei protists - various, usually unicellular, eukaryotic cells that are basically outcasts from all other kingdoms in eukarya fungi - heterotrophs by absorption of nutrients plants - multicellular autotrophs - only plant cells have chloroplasts, cell walls, and central vacuoles (note that they do have mitochondria) animalia - see this post on them. c: - only animal cells have centrioles * the AP exam will probably be more specific about the various eukarya kingdoms MISC "NON-ALIVE" THINGS viruses - consist of a capsid with some type of DNA / RNA in it - require other cells to reproduce - retroviruses, like HIV, can insert their own RNA into the host's DNA prions - misfolded proteins that can cause other proteins to misfold, causing diseases, like mad cow disease

[ap-madness]

Hi, I don't know if you've already heard this, but www [.] youtube [.] com/watch?v=3aZrkdzrd04 is a really great song that helps with reviewing the process of respiration. Good luck to everyone for tomorrow!~ :)

haha, thanks for the link - i don't think i've ever laughed so hard studying. c: (link here for lazy people)

[ap-madness]

Will you be posting more notes for bio? And do you have your teacher's review packet online?

i'm slowly posting notes. o: very ... slowly. most of which are details and not so much concepts, but feel free to ask for specific topics!& i don't believe it's online, but there are nice review sheets at ap biology study group.