If she wasn't in front of a fan, she might spontaneously combust. #furball #catsofinstagram

Origami Around
let's talk about Bridgerton tea, my ask is open
$LAYYYTER
Misplaced Lens Cap
Lint Roller? I Barely Know Her
Jules of Nature

tannertan36
Aqua Utopia|海の底で記憶を紡ぐ
art blog(derogatory)
sheepfilms

PR's Tumblrdome
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祝日 / Permanent Vacation

Love Begins

Kiana Khansmith
Xuebing Du
wallacepolsom
Keni

No title available
trying on a metaphor

seen from Canada

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@beechsack
If she wasn't in front of a fan, she might spontaneously combust. #furball #catsofinstagram
(via TrollX)
100% of people who bought Wu-Tang’s “Once Upon a Time in Shaolin” album have been jailed.
Gratuitously jacked from elsewhere, but so true.
#WeMakeBuffalo
By Sarah Taylor, Manager Customer Experience Operations
Yahoo’s mission is to be an indispensable guide to digital information, yours and the world’s. We’re proud to make the world come to Western New York.
The Yahoo office in Lockport, NY was as part of the ‘We Make Buffalo’ movement showcased last week at the 43North Week Entrepreneurial Celebration.
The video is being shared through the social media campaign #WeMakeBuffalo
I was proud to represent Yahoo in the video and it’s just another way that Yahoo is being highlighted as a vital part of the diverse business resurgence in the Buffalo Niagara region. Western New York has been a great home for our Lockport teams since 2009 and we look forward to continuing to serve the community and our 1 billion users globally.
The Weight of the Past
Since I started to talk openly about my experiences and struggles, I’ve slowly become used to the reactions that people tend to have. Almost everyone that has heard me speak about it, even if they don’t know me all that well, has been almost stunned to hear me describe what was going on between my ears, and almost in disbelief that they never had a sniff of it.
I was talking to a friend of mine last week that I’ve known for a few years now. Not a super close friend, but a good dude. He’s been generally aware of some of what I’ve been working through this year, but we hadn’t really talked much in a couple months. As we were chatting, he said he could tell that outwardly, I seemed a lot different now compared to the first part of the year, which is always good to hear. He also asked me what FELT different. It was actually a difficult question to answer.
Even though I spend a LOT of time these days paying attention to myself, my thoughts, and my feelings, it tends to be a short term view. There are certain things that I pay consistent attention to, things that I know from my history can take me places I don’t want to be, but most everything else is shorter term stuff as life happens, which is really a much better place to be. Really reflecting on the longer term view just isn’t something I had done in a while, and I’m glad he asked me the question to get me thinking about it. ( It’s something I plan to do more often now. )
I’ve spent a lot of time considering the answer, and will do my best to try and explain how I view it.
Many things that happen to you in life leave a little something behind. Sometimes you know it’s there, and just don’t know how to clean that up. Sometimes, you don’t even know anything was left at all. For me, I had been carrying around a lot of stuff for a lot of years, and most of it I never knew was there. My approach at life was very direct. Work hard, fight through, and you’ll be fine.
For a lot of years, that worked just fine. Things continued to pile up, things I could see, and things I could not. When things got tough, I ‘manned up’, I worked harder, and I kept moving. I didn’t need help, I could HANDLE it. As time went on, that just didn’t work anymore. It was like having a car in the mud. Eventually, standing on the gas doesn’t move you forward anymore, it just digs you in deeper. For too long, I just stood on the gas. I worked harder and harder, and didn’t move an inch.
I had to recognize that I was stuck. I had to acknowledge that I couldn’t do it by myself anymore. I had to ask for help. I needed help to get pulled out of the mud. I needed help to unload all the crap I had been carrying around. I needed help to see the stuff I had been carrying that I never even noticed before. I learned how to see it, and learned how to get rid of it. It was a mighty purge, and only then could I really start to move forward again.
Now that the load has been lightened, it doesn’t take nearly as much effort to move ahead anymore. I can work as hard as I need to do get where I want, I don’t HAVE to stand on the gas all the time anymore. It’s not effortless ; life isn’t that easy. But it’s a LOT less work. I know that if I need to go to the well, it’s there.
I often say to people in tech that your job becomes your career when you start to know what you don’t know. I think this fits here too. I know now how to handle so many more things properly so they don’t pile up. More importantly, I know how to recognize now what I DON’T know how to handle properly, and go get help to figure out how. It seems odd to say it today, but asking for help doesn’t make you weak. It shows your strength. It’s something that I hope everyone can take away from hearing about my experiences, because too often it IS viewed as weakness.
So, the best way to summarize what’s changed? I feel lighter. I feel more free. I wake up looking forward to the day ahead again. I am embracing life instead of fearing what may come next. Whatever will come will come. I’ll be ready for it when it does.
That’s what’s different.
Under the Hood: Delivering the First, Free Global Live Stream of an NFL Game on Yahoo
By P.P.S. Narayan, VP of Engineering
On Sunday, October 25, Yahoo delivered the first-ever, global live stream of a regular season NFL game to football fans around the world, for free, across devices. Our goal was to distribute the game over the Internet and provide a broadcast-quality experience. Leveraging our focus on consumer products, we worked to identify features and experiences that would be unique for users enjoying a live stream for the first time. In other words, we wanted to make you feel like you were watching on TV, but make the experience even better.
For us, success was twofold: provide the best quality viewing experience and deliver that quality at global scale. We achieved over 15M unique viewers in 185 countries across the world, and we’d like to talk about some of the key technology innovations that got us there.
On the technical side, the HD video signal was shipped from London to our encoders in Dallas and Sunnyvale, where it was converted into Internet video. The streams were transcoded (compression that enables efficient network transmission) into 9 bitrates ranging from 6Mbps to 300kbps. We also provided a framerate of 60 frames per second (fps), in addition to 30fps, thus allowing for smooth video playback suited for a sport like NFL football. Having a max bitrate of 6Mbps with 60fps gave a “wow” factor to the viewing experience, and was a first for NFL and sports audiences.
One special Yahoo addition to the programming was an overlaid audio commentary from our Yahoo Studio in Sunnyvale. It was as if you were watching the game alongside our Yahoo Sports experts on your couch. This unique Yahoo take gave NFL viewers a whole new way to experience the game.
We focused on a few key areas:
Quality Viewing Experience
Our goal was to deliver a premium streaming quality that would bring users a best-in-class viewing experience, similar to TV – one that was extremely smooth and uninterrupted. This meant partnering with multiple CDNs to get the video bits as close to the viewer as possible, optimizing bandwidth usage, and making the video player resilient to problems on the Internet or the user’s network.
Broad Audience Reach
We wanted to make sure that our global audience could watch this stream anywhere in the world, on any device, so we delivered it on laptops and desktops, on phones and tablets; and finally, we wanted to reach the ardent fans on the big screen TVs, game consoles and other connected devices. Our destination page, which provided a full screen experience of the game on web and mobile web, was built on node.js and React, and extensively optimized for page load and startup latency. In addition, we decided to launch the NFL experience on our key mobile apps: Yahoo, Tumblr, Yahoo Sports and Yahoo Sports Fantasy.
Global Scale
Yahoo operates multiple data centers across the US and the world for service reliability and capacity. We also have dozens of smaller point-of-presence (POPs) located close to all major population centers to provide a low latency connection to Yahoo’s infrastructure. Our data centers and POPs are connected together via a high redundancy private backbone network. For the NFL game, we upgraded our network and POPs to handle the extra load. We also worked with the CDN vendors to setup new peering points to efficiently route traffic to their networks.
During an NFL game, which typically lasts just under four hours, there is a very small margin of error for detecting and fixing streaming issues. Real-time metrics as well as detailed data from our backend systems provide a high fidelity understanding of the stream quality that viewers are experiencing. Yahoo is a world leader in data, analytics and real-time data processing. So, we extensively used our data infrastructure, including Hadoop, to provide industry leading operational metrics during the game.
The Take-Away
Pioneering the delivery of a smooth 60fps live video experience to millions of users around the world was a significant undertaking. Huge thanks to the team for executing against our vision – it was a coordinated effort across Yahoo.
While much of our technology and infrastructure was already set up to handle the scale and load – one of the reasons the NFL chose us – in preparation for the main event, we designed a new destination page and enhanced our mobile applications. We also enhanced the control and recovery mechanisms, as well as expanded our infrastructure to handle the huge traffic of the game. We worked hard to ensure that the experience was available on every Internet connected device. We tuned our video players to deliver the optimal video stream, taking into account device, connectivity, location and ISP. Behind everything was our massive analytical system that would measure and aggregate all aspects of quality and engagement. We conducted comprehensive tests with our partners so that game day would be successful. In the end, the game exceeded our high expectations, setting a bar for quality and scale for live Internet broadcasts to come. We’re thrilled and proud of the experience we delivered, and further, the reception and accolades from our community of users has been gratifying.
Looking to the future, we expect live sporting events to be routinely streamed over the Internet to massive global audiences. People will expect these broadcasts to be flawless, with better than HD quality. October 25, 2015 was a significant step towards this vision. Yahoo, as a leading technology company and a top destination for sports, is proud of our role in setting a new standard for sports programming. We look forward to making other global scale broadcasts like the NFL game happen in the future.
You can learn about all the technical details behind the livestream on our Yahoo Engineering blog.
Watch with the world as the Buffalo Bills take on the Jacksonville Jaguars in the first ever free global NFL live stream on October 25 at 9.30AM ET. The game is available across Yahoo on your phone, tablet, laptop, console or connected TV. For free!
I don’t pimp out work stuff very much, but this is a little different. So many teams at Yahoo have put in a ton of hours to make this event the best it can be. We’re all going to be working really early on Sunday, and all the way through the game to make sure it goes off without a hitch.
For me, as a Bills fan and native WNYer, I can’t be more proud to have had the opportunity to work on this and see it through to the end.
I think I can speak for all Yahoos, as well as myself, when I say that we all hope you enjoy the stream, and thank you for watching.
Everyday I ask myself- how did I get this far? How did I survive? how did I crawl out of the hell I was living in? Was it a certain moment? Did things suddenly just click in my head? I don’t exactly have the answers. But I knew that the girl I was at the time, was NOT the real Aubrey. I was not supposed to be the girl crying on the bathroom floor, I was not supposed to be the girl who hated the world when my heart was filled with so much love for everyone but myself. I knew this wasn’t me. But I chose to get better. I chose to seek help. I chose medication. I chose to get rid of negative relationships. I chose to surround myself with positivity. I chose to read books and nurture myself. I chose to take the world head on instead of crumbling at its feet. I decided to control what was controlling me. You have the choice to get better. You have the choice to make recovery a priority. You have the choice to choose it day in and day out. Choose it on the good days. And fight for it on the bad days. Sometimes our greatest accomplishments are done in silence. Sometimes our greatest accomplishments don’t mean a thing to anyone. But they can change your life. #recovery #edrecovery #motivation #strength #WeAreCrush #crush60 #crushfit #health #bodybuilding
Sports Media and Betting Lines
Although I enjoy my sports quite a bit, over the years I find myself consuming less and less sports media. There's quite a few reasons for it, enough to write about it for weeks, although I doubt it would be all that interesting.
One item that I think is is worth discussing is how the betting lines used by the Las Vegas sports books are often used by writers to provide validation or justification to their opinions. Here's one that I saw yesterday that's been sticking in my craw.
http://buckyandsully.buffalonews.com/2015/09/06/get-ready-to-ride-the-seasons-roller-coaster/
But it all comes back to the quarterback position. Tyrod Taylor won the starting job. He’s a dynamic talent with great possibilities. We’ll find out soon enough if he can do it in real games.
Taylor is the fastest QB in the league and possessor of a big-time arm. But he is raw and unproven. The regular season is an entirely different proposition, where everything speeds up and a quarterback must make quick decisions under extraordinary duress.
Vegas put the Bills’ over/under for wins at 8.5. The wise guys remain skeptical. Until they get respectable play at quarterback, there’s ample room for skepticism.
In general, I think this is a well made argument, even if fairly obvious. Aside from the occasional trick play, every offensive play runs through the QB, so it's logical the performance of that position will have a big impact.
However, it's that last bit about the betting line that really gets me. The over/under line is NOT an indication that oddsmakers believe the Bills will be around 8-9 wins this year. It simply means that the books believe that close to 50% of bets will take the over, and 50% will take the under. That's it!
Sports books are NOT in business to accurately predict outcomes. They're in business to make money. (Same can really be said for all gambling.) The general idea of a sports book is simple.
- Take bets on a game. Charge a small commission (aka vigorish, juice) to place the bet. - Money from the losing bets pays off the winning bets. - Sports book keeps the commission.
Simple example here to illustrate the point. As I write this, the combined over/under for the Bills / Colts game is 46, with moneyline odds of -110 each side. For the uninitiated, this means :
- Decide if the combined score of both teams in this game will be under or over 46 points. - Bet $110 to win $100. (Your original $100 is retured.) The $10 here is the vig.
Let's say 10 people bet this game, 5 took the over, 5 took the under. Let's also say the over wins.
- Book collects $1100. (10 bets @ $110 each.) - 5 winners are paid $200 each. ($100 original bet, $100 winnings.) Total of $1000. - Book profits $100.
What if the betting wasn't even? Same scenario, but this time, 6 bet the over, 4 the under.
- Book collects $1100. (10 bets @ $110 each.) - 7 winners are paid $200 each. ($100 original bet, $100 winnings.) Total of $1200. - Book loses $100.
The effect is magnified here because only 10 people bet, but hopefully you see the math. The more lopsided the bets on opposite sides, the greater the risk the book can lose money. As we know, they don't like to do that. So what do they do?
They change something.
Keeping the same scenario going, let's say we have 7 bets on the over, 3 under, with the line at 46. Because the book wants more bets on the under to balance things out, they may decide to move the line to say 50. (This only affects new bets, not ones already placed.) This makes the over bet less attractive, making it likely people will bet the under, and balance things out a bet.
Think about point spreads for a second. ( i.e. Team A is favored to beat Team B by at least X number of points. ) How many times have you heard someone say a team was favored by 6.5, but then a player got hurt, and now it's down to 3.5? This is often framed to mean the team has less of chance to win than they did. While they certainly might after the injury, the line moved because betting shifted against one side.
Of course, this does not mean that the oddsmakers don't know what they're doing. They have a vested financial interest in trying to having a good understanding of everything that could impact the outcome of an event, and using that information as part of their process. There can be a sort of chicken/egg scenario with this stuff. Did the line move because a star player was hurt, or did it move because betting changed AFTER the injury? Really, could be both. Ultimately, only one things matters.
Follow the money.
When all is said and done, lines and odds reflect where the money is going, and that's all. Some bets are placed because of a belief that outcome will occur. Others are educated guesses. Still others are there as a hedge against another outcome, or only placed because odds were so good it was worth a shot.
They're never a pure reflection of whatever it is that sports media wants you to think. Remember that next time you see these references.
What the heck is ‘therapy’ anyways?
Tumblr has an ‘Ask Me Anything’ feature that people can send you a question instead of just commenting on a post. I had no idea it was even there, or that I apparently turned it on. So, to the anonymous person who sent me this question last week, I apologize.
The question was, in essence, what ‘therapy’ was really all about. It got me thinking back to 2013 when I first started, and some of the questions and concerns I had back then. So, anonymous, this is for you.
How did I find one?
For me, I was in a fortunate position. I had already been seeing a psychiatrist going on 3 years or so for ADHD treatment, so I was going to a practice monthly. One mistake I made then was not just asking my psychiatrist about it during one of our appointment. He would have been able to help me set something up right then and there. Instead, I kind of bumbled through an awkward conversation with the receptionist where I said WAY too much.
For you, if you have medical insurance, take a look at your card. There’s probably a number on there that you can call and have an initial conversation explaining, as best you can, that you’re looking to find a therapist to talk to. There might even been a separate number there strictly for mental health questions, my previous insurance did. You don’t have to get into all the particulars of why to whomever you talk to, but they may have some questions to ask to direct you the best they can.
Now what?
Give them a call! You don’t HAVE to make an appointment right away. You can ask to schedule a phone conversation with the doctor to get a feel for what they specialize in, background, and if you feel comfortable talking to them. That’s really the most important thing. If you do, you can schedule your first appointment. If you don’t, say something. They won’t be offended. They might be able to refer you to someone else, they may not. It’s ok either way.
Your first appointment!
Well, you’re on your way to your first meeting. You’ll probably be nervous, I know I was. For me, I was uncomfortable in talking about things with those close to me, so the thought of talking to a complete stranger almost had me canceling that first appointment a few times. But, I knew I needed help, so I forced through it. I know it’s hard. You can do it! Try to minimize other things that could add additional stress. Make sure you have your insurance card, get there on time, etc. Sounds like small things, but you likely don’t want anything else to worry about at the moment.
Now, from here, I can really only speak to my personal experiences. Yours may be different, yours probably WILL be different. That’s ok, we’re all different.
There’s one important point I want to make here though.
You must be 100% open and honest. No exceptions. No qualifications. No sortas. You have to go all in.
You may not get there right away, trust often takes time to build. But that should be your goal. As I said above, if you’re not, say you’re not. It may be something that can be worked out, it may not be. But complete openness is key to this process. I stress this because it’s a mistake I made the first time through. I got some help from the process, but it was only short term. I was only able to get some deep, meaningful, permanent understanding when I accepted that I couldn’t hold anything back. Sounds cliche, but it fits the idea of ‘the more you give, the more you get’.
The first thing we talked about in my first session was why I was there. Try to explain it as best you can. Don’t worry about being ‘right’, just do what you can with it. I was COMPLETELY wrong the first time I went, although the second time I was closer. It’s simply a starting point to work from. If you let the process work, you’ll likely get to the real reasons eventually.
The rest of that first session, and the next few, were a lot of back and forth. My therapist asked a lot of questions, and took a lot of notes. Some of those questions made absolutely NO sense to me at the time. They didn’t seem relevant to anything, although in time they ended up being very much so.
Over time, sessions became more of me talking. Thoughts, feelings, questions, worries. Things that had happened recently. Nothing off limits. Sometimes I will get a question about something I said, or just a comment. Sometimes I can talk for 15 minutes and she’ll just listen. Towards the end, sometimes she’ll give me something specific to think about, point out something, or nothing at all. It’s not always the same.
For me, I had two big realizations to make about the process. The first I made a couple years ago. Just the act of talking about how you’re feeling can, by itself, be a huge help. Obviously this doesn’t require a professional, you could do the same with a good friend. Biggest difference I see there is that a friend will probably WANT to give you advice every time, whereas a professional might not.
The second, for me, was the big one that really started getting me somewhere. I had an expectation that therapy was a binary interaction, similar to your primary physician. You go in with a problem, they do some tests, and then tell you what to do next. In therapy, that flips around a bit.
My therapist never TELLS me what to do. She doesn’t ever say ‘Do X to fix Y’.
Instead, she points things out that I might not be seeing on my own, or not even aware of Patterns of distorted thoughts and perceptions are a major thing, something that I’ve been able to greatly reduce, but still happen. (With depression, that’s normal. They’ll never truly go away, it’s more about recognizing them for what they are and handling them differently than I used to.) Another big thing she points out is connections between past events and current thoughts and feelings. Connections that I have gone for years without making, but some well placed questions or comments exposes those, and helps me see how they contribute to things today.
It’s very much helping me to understand how to help myself, not doing it for me. Until I understood that, I was only able to go so far. Since that clicked, I’ve really been able to get in deep to the roots of a lot of things I had been carrying around for years, see those things for what they are, and move forward in a better place between the ears because of it.
So, that’s my experience with the process. Like I said above, yours might be different. For me, it’s been a massive help. It hasn’t changed who I am in the slightest, something I was worried about years ago before I started. It helps me identify things that try to interfere with me being me, and handle them in a way that’s healthy. I hope if you decide to take this step that you can get the same benefits.
National Geographic photographers are metal as fuck
future me
Yahoo and Girls Who Code Partner
By Olivia Khalili, Director of Yahoo For Good
What would the technological world look like if was designed by females? With only 14% of the engineering workforce comprised of women*, and 1.4 million STEM jobs projected in the next 20 years*, conceivably, we might never know.
So yes, it’s a pipeline issue. And an awareness issue, but perhaps most importantly, one of identity. The interest in math and science that many girls display at an early age often becomes diluted amongst the aisles of pink toys, societal expectations that nudge them elsewhere or the lack of resources provided. With more awareness (and data) for this gender fallout, there’s a crop of organizations working to close the gender and minority opportunity divide in STEM.
How do you encourage interest from girls in coding? Give them the tools to imagine. Yahoo is partnering with Girls Who Code to develop new curriculum, based on the Tumblr and Flickr open-sourced APIs, that will roll out across 500 clubs this school year. Through these lessons, 6th-12th grade girls will learn to build queries to display the most popular content on Tumblr and Flickr - intermediate skills that build on students’ preliminary knowledge of website development.
Not only will participating girls learn to create using Tumblr and Flickr’s API, they will also have an opportunity to showcase their work during project demo days for local clubs in New York and the Bay Area. The partnership connects these young learners directly with the engineers, designers and project managers who work on Tumblr and Flickr products.
Following the course, students will have the foundational skills to continue to develop and create using APIs available through the Yahoo Developer Network.
Yahoo for Good works to enable the next generation of creative thinkers and doers by providing access to opportunities in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Math). Through partners like Girls Who Code, we’re able to give more people the tools to imagine, driving a diversity of ideas and perspectives that may ultimately allow us to know what the technological world would look like if it were designed by females?
__________________
* STAT: Where are America’s Women Engineers?
* STAT: U.S. Department of Labor
Depression and Distorted Thinking
Aside from my regular appointments with my therapist, I have been doing my own reading and research into depression. It’s something I find beneficial in multiple ways. First, I’m a huge nerd and love learning about stuff. Secondly, it’s a piece of the long term plan. The more I understand it, the better equipped I am to defeat it.
One of the books I’ve been reading is The Feeling Good Handbook by David D. Burns, MD. It’s more of a workbook in many ways than a ‘normal’ book, but it’s a really great read. This book focuses on cognitive behavior therapy, which to most simply put, the idea that your thoughts are what dictate your moods, and that by managing your thoughts in certain ways, you can improve your overall mindset, and avoid repeated depressive patterns. There’s a lot more to it than I can possibly write about, but CBT is very interesting, and something I’ve found very helpful. One important point is that it doesn’t really do anything to get to the root of problems or repeated negative thought cycles; that’s something that I focus more on with my therapist.
Early in the book, there’s a chart that lists ‘Ten Forms of Twisted Thinking’. It’s not depression centric, but the first time I read through it, it was like fireworks going off. I was able to identify many of the things in this list in myself and my own thoughts.
Reading this list was incredibly eye opening. I could easily pinpoint many of these traits in my own thoughts over time, and my therapist and I had already gotten into many of them in one fashion or another. For me, it was almost as if someone had been inside my head for most of my life, and then created this list.
This is a list that I review often. As with many things in life, you have to be able to identify a problem before you can try to solve it, so frequently reminding myself of the pitfalls is a great way to see them coming. Take a look, see if this is helpful for you.
The Ten Forms of Twisted Thinking, David D. Burns, MD.
1. All-or-nothing thinking - You see things in black-or-white categories. If a situation falls short of perfect, you see it as a total failure. When a young woman on a diet ate a spoonful of ice cream, she told herself, "I've blown my diet completely." This thought upset her so much that she gobbled down an entire quart of ice cream.
2. Overgeneralization - You see a single negative event, such as a romantic rejection or a career reversal, as a never-ending pattern of defeat by using words such as "always" or "never" when you think about it. A depressed salesman became terribly upset when he noticed bird dung on the window of his car. He told himself, "Just my luck! Birds are always crapping on my car!"
3. Mental Filter - You pick out a single negative detail and dwell on it exclusively, so that your vision of reality becomes darkened, like the drop of ink that discolors a beaker of water. Example: You receive many positive comments about your presentation to a group of associates at work, but one of them says something mildly critical. You obsess about his reaction for days and ignore all the positive feedback.
4. Discounting the positive - You reject positive experiences by insisting that they "don't count." If you do a good job, you may tell yourself that it wasn't good enough or that anyone could have done as well. Discounting the positives takes the joy out of life and makes you feel inadequate and unrewarded.
5. Jumping to conclusions - You interpret things negatively when there are no facts to support your conclusion.
Mind Reading : Without checking it out, you arbitrarily conclude that someone is reacting negatively to you.
Fortune-telling : You predict that things will turn out badly. Before a test you may tell yourself, "I'm really going to blow it. What if I flunk?" If you're depressed you may tell yourself, "I'll never get better."
6. Magnification - You exaggerate the importance of your problems and shortcomings, or you minimize the importance of your desirable qualities. This is also called the "binocular trick."
7. Emotional Reasoning - You assume that your negative emotions necessarily reflect the way things really are: "I feel terrified about going on airplanes. It must be very dangerous to fly." Or, "I feel guilty. I must be a rotten person." Or, "I feel angry. This proves that I'm being treated unfairly." Or, "I feel so inferior. This means I'm a second rate person." Or, "I feel hopeless. I must really be hopeless."
8. "Should" statements - You tell yourself that things should be the way you hoped or expected them to be. After playing a difficult piece on the piano, a gifted pianist told herself, "I shouldn't have made so many mistakes." This made her feel so disgusted that she quit practicing for several days. "Musts," "oughts" and "have tos" are similar offenders.
"Should statements" that are directed against yourself lead to guilt and frustration. Should statements that are directed against other people or the world in general, lead to anger and frustration: "He shouldn't be so stubborn and argumentative!"
Many people try to motivate themselves with shoulds and shouldn'ts, as if they were delinquents who had to be punished before they could be expected to do anything. "I shouldn't eat that doughnut." This usually doesn't work because all these shoulds and musts make you feel rebellious and you get the urge to do just the opposite. Dr. Albert Ellis has called this " must erbation." I call it the "shouldy" approach to life.
9. Labeling - Labeling is an extreme form of all-or-nothing thinking. Instead of saying "I made a mistake," you attach a negative label to yourself: "I'm a loser." You might also label yourself "a fool" or "a failure" or "a jerk." Labeling is quite irrational because you are not the same as what you do. Human beings exist, but "fools," "losers" and "jerks" do not. These labels are just useless abstractions that lead to anger, anxiety, frustration and low self-esteem.
You may also label others. When someone does something that rubs you the wrong way, you may tell yourself: "He's an S.O.B." Then you feel that the problem is with that person's "character" or "essence" instead of with their thinking or behavior. You see them as totally bad. This makes you feel hostile and hopeless about improving things and leaves very little room for constructive communication.
10. Personalization and Blame - Personalization comes when you hold yourself personally responsible for an event that isn't entirely under your control. When a woman received a note that her child was having difficulty in school, she told herself, "This shows what a bad mother I am," instead of trying to pinpoint the cause of the problem so that she could be helpful to her child. When another woman's husband beat her, she told herself, "If only I was better in bed, he wouldn't beat me." Personalization leads to guilt, shame and feelings of inadequacy.
Some people do the opposite. They blame other people or their circumstances for their problems, and they overlook ways they might be contributing to the problem: "The reason my marriage is so lousy is because my spouse is totally unreasonable." Blame usually doesn't work very well because other people will resent being scapegoated and they will just toss the blame right back in your lap. It's like the game of hot potato--no one wants to get stuck with it.