The Athenian Calendar đïžđżđ
There was no standard calendar in ancient greece, however the most written about and commonly used one by modern reconstructionists is the Athenian Calendar! This calendar can be easily incorporated into the Gregorian Calendar as well (in my opinion)
I would like to thank @hermesmystic for creating a beautiful lesson on our Hellenismos Online Temple discord server! It helped a lot with this post â„
Itâs a long one so brace yourself!
D A Y S đ
The days in the Athenian Calendar begin at sunset. This was important for being able to observe festivals or holy days, if they were to begin at midnight like it does for us, the Greeks would have had a much harder time practicing their religion.
The main Olympians have sacred days of the week which can be used if you would like to make small daily offerings. Weekdays have two gods and weekends have three. A week in review would be:
Monday: Artemis and Demeter đčđŸ
Tuesday: Ares and Athena âïžđ
Wednesday: Hermes and Hephaestus đŹđ ïž
Thursday: Zeus and Hera đ©ïžđ
Friday: Dionysus and Aphrodite đđïž
Saturday: Hestia, Hades and Persephone đŻïžđ
Sunday: Apollo, Posedion and Amphitrite âïžđ
Obviously you donât need to change your clock and begin living your life around this BUT it is useful to remember.
M O N T H S đ
The months are where it gets a little complicated! So weâll begin with the way the months began and ended and that is with the new moon.
Most Athenian months will fall between two Gregorian months, and sometimes a Gregorian month can have two full moons.
A rule of thumb to remember with this is an Athenian month begins on the last (or only) new moon of a Gregorian month and ends on the first (or only) new moon in the next Gregorian month.
The Athenian Calendar also has seasons like the Gregorian calender, and these seasons have three months within them.
S u m m e r: đ»đ
Season Theme: Setting foundations and goals
Hekatombion (holy month of Zeus đ©ïž) - Falls between July/August.
Theme: Planning and getting your life sorted
Festivals for this month are the:
Aphrodisia (6th), Kronia (12th), Synoikia (15-16th) and Panathenaia (28th)
Metageitnion (holy month of Demeter đŸ) - Falls between August/September
Theme: Securing foundations from the previous month
This month doesnât have confirmed festivals but these are believed to fall under this month:
Metageitnios (Unknown), Herakles Emera (Unknown)
Voedromion (holy month of Hestia đŻïž) - Falls between September/October
Theme: Focus on spiritual/religious comfort
Festivals for this month are the:
Genesia (5th), Kharisteria (6th), Boidromia (7th), Eleusinian Mysteries (15th-21st)
The Eleusinian Mysteries was the most important festival in the Athenian year held in honour of Demeter and Persephone. What happened during this festival isnât well known so itâs challenging for a modern Hellenic Polytheist but for the ancient Greeks acknowledging the festival was important, acknowledging meant to observe the festival, in the modern sense this can be doing a personal ritual.
A u t u m n / F a l l: đđ„§
Season Theme: Tackling hardships, the gods challenge
Pyanepsion (holy month of Ares âïž) - Falls between October/November
Theme: Time for tackling hardships
Festivals for this month are the:
Proerosia (5th), Puanepsia (6th), Oskhophoria (7th), Theseia (8th), Stenia (9th), Thesmophoria (11-13th), Khalkeia (30th)
Maimakterion (holy month of Artemis đč) - Falls between November/December
Theme: Time for taking care of yourself through hardship
Festivals for this month are the:
Maimakeria (unknown), Pompaia (20-end)
Poseideon (holy month of Poseidon đ) - Falls between December/January
Theme: A time to prove work ethic (or arete) to the gods
Festivals for this month are the:
Poseidea (8th), Rural Dionysia (last two weeks of the month), Haloa (26th)
W i n t e r: âïžâïž
Season Theme: A time to recover and revise goals
Gamelion (holy month of Hera đ) - Falls between January/February
Theme: Time to reconnect with the gods
Festivals for this month are the:
Lenaia (12-15), Gamelia (26)
Anthesterion (holy month of Haephestus đ ïž) - Falls between February/March
Theme: Time for ingenuity/finding creative solutions
Festivals for this month are the:
Anthesteria (11-13th), Diasia (23**/28th)*, Lesser Mysteries (unknown)
Elafevolion (holy month of Athena đ) - Falls between March/April
Theme: Reflecting on potential weaknesses and improving
Festivals for this month are the:
Elapheblia (6th), Asklepieia (8**/9th)*, Greater Dionysia (9-13th), Pandia (14/17th**)*
S p r i n g: đ·đŁ
Season Theme: Strength and Hope!
Mounikhion (holy month of Aphrodite đïž) - Falls between April/May
Theme: Celebrate the progress youâve made!
Festivals for this month are the:
Feast of Eros (4th), Mounikhia (6/16th**)*, Olympieia (19th)
Thargelion (holy month of Apollo âïž) - Falls between May/June
Theme: Faith and Divination, working hard
Festivals for this month are the:
Thargelia (6-7th), Plunteria (Last week with the peak on 25th)
Skiroforion (holy month of Hermes đŹ) - Falls between June/July
Theme: Making goals for the new year, devotion
Festivals for this month are the:
Arrhephoria (3rd), Skirophoria (12th), Dipolieia (14th)Â
[* means it can be observed on either day]
[** means that is the prefered date to observe it]
Each month has an 11 day transitionary period from one to the next called the Neos Minas, each day (except one) has an event that help to fully transition spiritually from the theme of one month to the next.
Day 1: Chthonia 1 - the 3rd day before the end of the old month đ§č
Day 2: Chthonia 2 - the 2nd day before the end of the old month đ§č
Day 3: Hekateâs Deipnon - last day of the old month đ»
Day 4: Noumenia - First day of the new month âš
Day 5: Agathos Daimon - 2nd day of the new month đ
Day 6: Tritomenis - 3rd day of the new month / Athenaâs birthday đ
Day 7: Tetras - 4th day of the new month đ
Day 8: Rest Day - 5th day of the new month đ„±
Day 9: Birth of Artemis - 6th day of the new month đč
Day 10: Birth of Apollo - 7th day of the new month âïž
Day 11: Poseidonas - 8th day of the new month đ€
M o n t h  1 3 ?
Occasionally there will be two new moons in a Gregorian month, this was a dillema for the ancient Greeks as well and their solution was to add a 13th month! Mounikhion has to begin and Elafevolion has to end on the same day but there are two new moons⊠what do we do? Who do we honour?!
DIONYSUS TIME BAYBEEE đđđđ
Dionysus would be given a month whenever this issue would arise and it fit his theme perfectly, to come in and cause chaos! This month never had any festivals as it was so sparadic in length or time of year, routine went out the window!
In even more Dionysus fashion this month isnât named after him! Itâs called Duo Poseideon and has nothing to do with Poseidonâs month!
Y E A R S đ
Years in the Athenian calendar begins in the summer, giving the Greeks plenty of energy to honour and celebrate. The final day of the year was always to honour Athena and Zeus for blessings in the new year
To keep with the theme of four seasons, the years were also grouped into fours called Olympiads 4 years = 1 Olympiad. The way to write the year would go as such:
âYear 4 of the 704th Olympiadâ Once the year is complete this summer it will become âYear 1 of the 705th Olympiadâ
The years also come with their themes, they follow that of the seasons.
I hope this post was helpful! Sorry if I got anything wrong but I hope you can add some of this information to your worship and have fun with it! Donât worry about trying to follow the calendar perfectly.