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Anonymous is an online information activist group. It was started by protesters against the church of Scientology, becoming very popular and gaining many followers. Their choice of protesting is decided by majority online, which makes this group very interesting. This picture is a poster of protesting from the Anonymous group. The poster gives off an eerie kind of silent threat, almost mysterious.
Pirate Culture and hacktivist mobilization: The cultural and social protocols of #WikiLeaks on twitter by Simon Lindgren and Ragnar Lundstorm focuses on the pirating culture and hacktivist mobilization. Pirate culture takes in groups, media projects, interventions, and networks that resist or seek to develop different forms of the dominant ways of doing media and politics such as - new social movements - Radical citizen journalism - extremist media - remix culture - copy left - peer to peer - fan culture Hacktivism to be short are situations and strategies where digital tools are used with the purpose of campaigning and working for social and cultural change. Three forms of political action perceived as hacktivism are - mass embodied online protest - internet infrastructure and information politics - communicative practice and activity organizing Concept of sub politics are ways in which individual, small scale, decisions achieve political significance either because they have direct political gram or reference or because of their aggregation. Mobilization today is a very popular way to get involve with politics, especially for busy people always on the go and college students. Sites like twitter are easy ways to stay in touch with fresh politics daily. Interfacing and archiving are two concepts that can be interfaced with this topic. People are constantly using mobile apps to stay in touch with the outside world and to communicate. The use of hashtags automatically file tweets and information in archives. This picture shows WikiLeaks using using the archives from twitter for information.
United States of Secrets: Part Two follows the lead of Edward Snowden, a former agent of the NSA. Snowden leaked thousands of top secret documents to three reporters from The Guardian, shocking everyone with the program's intent. President Obama fails to downplay the leaked information and tried to convince the nation that the NSA only watches media from outside if the country, and not the US citizens themselves. Edward Snowden however released a video claiming that the program was unconstitutional and had back up for his claims. Google's gmail was learned to scan the emails of the users, in order to provide the proper advertisement to each individual. The NSA uses Google's tactics as an excuse, saying that they only want to scan people's media for any terrorist activity. The intel at the NSA has created millions of archives on everybody's lives within and outside of the country.
United States of Secrets: Part One focuses on the creation of the program, National Security Agency (NSA) and the legal issues conflicting the program's job. The NSA was a top secret government program created to protect the nation from terrorist attacks, however once the details of the program was released to the papers it became a very non secretive topic, an issue among American citizens. This is a unique program in which the government can collect histories of data from media sites such as Skype, telephone conversations, email, and texts. President George W. Bush held several conferences and several open speeches addressing the need for the NSA. Several agents within the NSA however did not agree with the program. President Barack Obama then proceeded to make the program more transparent, but ended up keeping the NSA intact and just as secretive.
"My music, my world: using the MP3 player to shape experience in London" focuses oh how music shapes people's everyday lives while on the streets of London, whether it detaches us from society or makes us more receptive to our surroundings. George Simmel argues that music makes us more receptive and aware of our surroundings, however Theodore Adorno argues the opposite, that music creates an illusion or mask and separates us from the truth. Music prevents us from critical engagement and thinking. Personally I agree with Simmel and have found that music does not disengage me from reality but helps me focus, prepare, and relax. I also would like to comment on Adorno's view: I do agree that music may to a certain extent prevent us from critical thinking however music is a way to relax the brain from over exercise. We are constantly engaged and focused on our jobs and work through out the day, music does not entirely disengage our minds but slowly exercises it. Music however does not work in the same way for everyone, so either argument is a very interesting take. This picture shows the interactivity of someone and their music. A concept interfaces with this article is interactivity, music (the mp3) pleasures the mind and we often use our MP3 players on a daily bases.
"My music, my world: using the MP3 player to shape experience in London" focuses oh how music shapes people's everyday lives while on the streets of London, whether it detaches us from society or makes us more receptive to our surroundings. George Simmel argues that music makes us more receptive and aware of our surroundings, however Theodore Adorno argues the opposite, that music creates an illusion or mask and separates us from the truth. Music prevents us from critical engagement and thinking. Personally I agree with Simmel and have found that music does not disengage me from reality but helps me focus, prepare, and relax. I also would like to comment on Adorno's view: I do agree that music may to a certain extent prevent us from critical thinking however music is a way to relax the brain from over exercise. We are constantly engaged and focused on our jobs and work through out the day, music does not entirely disengage our minds but slowly exercises it. Music however does not work in the same way for everyone, so either argument is a very interesting take. This picture shows the interactivity of someone and their music. A concept interfaces with this article is interactivity, music (the mp3) pleasures the mind and we often use our MP3 players on a daily bases.
'The chocolate milkshake, one of America's favorite sweet tooth cravings. It doesn't even matter if you are hungry or not, just looking at the milkshake alone it starts to get your taste buds salivating. If someone offered you a milkshake in return for a favor or something you could do for them you would most likely do it, even if it weren't something you initially wanted to do in the first place.. I mean who wouldn't be persuaded by the ever so delicious power of the chocolate milkshake? '
Now you might be asking why the hell I am going on a on about a chocolate milkshake, but don’t worry I promise there is some actual importance to all of this.. just wait. When someone dangles something in front of your face (figuratively) or promises you things you never thought would even be possible could be done, sometimes your common sense just goes out the window and your eyes just see what the final product is - in other words, what’s in it for you (by neglecting to look at the logic and rational behind what is being asked of you.) Very similarly when you look at presidential elections, like as done in the article titled Online Emotional Appeals and Political Participation; Young, Hoffman and Jones specifically focus on how different candidates use different emotions in order to persuade voters in their favor. (Kind of like playing into your taste bud receptors by persuading you with a chocolate milkshake.)
They look at the not only the observer affect, by which experiencing different emotional states can have a wide range on voters, but also how this plays into the candidate affect. By playing to voters specific emotion, a sense of empathy can often be brought on to the voters - which as seen in the past - can actually persuade many voters without them even knowing it.
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In this article, Jones examines the connection between the way political candidates use emotional appeal and the way the audience and potential voters respond. The three emotions studied are anxiety, anger, and hopefulness. Studies were conducted for online and offline campaigns. They also incorporated the political knowledge the participants may have based on the sources of information they may have encountered on a regular basis. Results showed that there wasn’t a large difference between online and offline audiences when it came to political candidates using anger to appeal to the audiences. But there was a slight gap between the levels of support when it came to anxiety and hope. It seems the more long term type emotional appeals where more intriguing to both online and offline audiences, though online users showed more interest in getting involved in the campaign. The studies also showed that people who are better informed about the politics are more likely to use emotions as a guide, while less informed individuals tend to be less trusting of the emotional appeals and stop to think logically and do their research. Though emotional appeal doesn’t influence all audiences in the same way, it does appeal to a wider audience.
- Rhetorical Presidency is the idea that communication is the key to governing to affect citizens with an A. To be able to communicate properly, there needs to have an emotional code (how people need to feel about that?) and a symbolic code (How can they mobilize themselves?)
- The picture of America and its president. America is one of the few countries that actually have a president instead of Prime Minister.
- Rhetorical presidency is related to many different concepts. Web 2.0 is the biggest one. It allows the person who is running for the presidency to have access the fullest access to the public domain. For example: Barack Obama did not have such reputation. However, with such skills and organizing ability, he has utilized the web 2.0 and how people interact with the internet to put himself out there and let people know about him. As a result, he was elected as America President
The author’s argument is to compare and see the discrete between the professionalism journalist and the citizen journalism in the formation of collective memory. For the professionalism journalist, they are perform as the traditional journalist in which their role is to tell the truth story with the professional perspective, mainstream report and sometime exaggerate things up to compete with others press competitors. For the citizen journalism, the Internet plays an important role where the citizen can freely to express their personal connection to the story and tell the truth about what they observed on their blogs or SNSs. Compare with the traditional media and press, Web 2.0 allows citizen to share their words, videos or pictures to spread out the information, which is more realistic.
I think people are getting more involved in the communication revolution through the Internet. The citizens are collecting their memory information and spread to the world on blogging with the pictures or videos to represent for their opinion or perspective. On the other hand, the traditional journalists have different way to collects the memory and do a journalism in a more professional way and different perspective compared to citizens journalism. Related to the artifact above, we can see how fast the communication rising when the Internet gets involved. People can freely to speak up for their opinion through blogging and moreover giving citizen ability to represent their perspective.
Article Analysis: “If You Had Been With Us”: Mainstream press and Citizen Journalists Jockey for Authority over the Collective Memory of Hurricane Katrina
In this article, citizen journalists are defined as “those people who are making use of the tools available to them to participate in the information world as bloggers and forum contributors”. The public rely on journalism as a guideline to life (for their jobs, relationship advice, etc.) Online interactivity changes the dynamics of journalism because the press is no longer the only source to collect the news from. This is known as the “communication revolution,” in which citizens may collect their own stories in “citizen journalism.” This article compared the journalism of Hurricane Katrina’s anniversary in 2006 to the coverage of citizen journalists, who consider their words to be “transformative”. The citizen’s focused on individual experience and personal connection to the devastation. “Citizen journalists recast themselves in the news narrative with new roles that often contradicted and challenged their depictions in print.” The focus of the research was based on the role of the press and how it forms collective memory, which is “an agreed-upon version of a news event’s remembrance”. The way a journalist goes about describing a story is a long process and thought out properly before bringing it to print. There will be much discussion on what is being said and whether it will help heal the audience or just hurt them more. With that, professional journalism carries a filter that citizen journalism does not. This filter can be good (telling the audience what they need to hear) and it and be bad (telling the audience what they want them to hear). “Readers seek comfort in news stories.” In directly comparing views of Hurricane Katrina, mainstream journalists portrayed themselves as the “watchdog of society”, while online coverage was familiar and neighborly. One of the negative sides to citizen journalism is the people began to question the journalistic version of an official story by commenting on forums and blogs. These actions declared media coverage as misinformation.
I chose the two artifacts above to represent the two contrasting arguments of citizen journalism. On one hand, it allows us to collect from a more personal perspective without letting the government try to hide their actions (this is based off of extreme views). On the other hand, anyone can choose what important “news” is and therefore this can lead to a lot of pointless journalism when there are real stories out there to be heard.
Interactivity is a major characteristic of citizen journalism. As said earlier in the summary of the article, it is the availability of online interactivity that gave birth to citizen journalism. With social networks (like Facebook, Twitter, and Tumblr), such advances – or losses, depending on how you look at it – would not have been possible in the journalism world.
The main question needing an answer: does citizen journalism really help up or does it hinder us? I have listed several pros and cons to the topic, but ultimately which do you feel is an appropriate answer? Giving everyone the right to share their version of the news is nice, and it falls under freedom of speech. But I am sure everyone would agree when I say that there are just some people who don’t need to share their opinion on certain topics. That said, I do think that seeing every opinion, no matter how lacking in facts or biased it may be, is vital and truly
The article, 'Coproduction or cohabitation: Are anonymous online comments on newspaper websites shaping news content?' addresses the pros and cons of anonymous commenting as well as raise questions of the pros and cons of gate keeping. Some of the pros for anonymity is the equality of sharing amongst users, it suppresses bias comments on racial or any prejudice on other commenters. A con of anonymity is having just the comment and not being able to have an identity to go with this anonymous comment. Gate keeping is the filtering of information in newspapers and magazines by journalists. A pro of gate keeping is that it keeps the information more personalized, a con would be only showing one standing point of an argument or opinion. This picture is a sarcastic example of anonymity online. Basically leaving an anonymous comment is like wearing a paper bag in public, no one can see who you are, what gender you are or race. The concept that best fits with this article is interactivity. Anonymous commenting does not affect news media.
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