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10 posts!
Quiz
Choose the correct sentence ending to complete the English conditional forms quiz. Each question has only one correct answer.
1Q: If he comes,
we will go to lunch.
we would go to lunch.
we would go to lunch.
2Q: I would buy a new house
if I have a lot of money.
if I win the lottery.
if I inherited a million dollars.
3Q: If she misses the bus,
I take her to school by car.
I would take her to school by car.
she have to walk.
4Q: If I had known you were in town,
I would buy you some flowers!
I would have bought you some flowers.
I will buy you some flowers.
5Q: If he studies a lot,
he might pass the exam.
he would pass the exam.
he is going to pass the exam.
6Q: I would get a new job
if I was you.
if I am you.
if I were you.
7Q: He will surely fail his exams
if he not work harder.
unless he begins to study.
if he weren't serious.
8Q: She would live in New York now
if she stays.
if she had stayed.
if she was to stay.
9Q: They would have bought that new car
if they had had the money.
if they had the money.
if they were having the money.
10Q: I leave on Saturdays
if she will come to visit.
if she comes to visit.
if she won't come to visit.
conditional structures
FIRST CONDITIONAL/REAL SITUATION (ROUTINE)
If you do all I have asked, I will live forever.
If clause (Simple Present) + main verb (Future tense)
condition + result
ZERO CONDITIONAL: For situations which don't happen on a regular basis.
EXCEPTIONAL SITUATIONS
If you touch a fire, you get burned.
UNREAL SITUATION / SECOND CONDITIONAL
If clause (Simple Past) + main verb (Future in the past) WOULD
If the rich nations decided they could become slightly “poorer’, they would truly help the nations in need.
PAST UNREAL CONDITIONAL / THIRD CONDITONAL
We make the third conditional by using the past perfect after 'if' and then 'would have' and the past participle in the second part of the sentence:
if + past perfect, ...would + have + past participle
If I had bought that car, I would have had an accident.
It talks about the past. It's used to describe a situation that didn't happen, and to imagine the result of this situation.
Ryan Sheridan - Home
Modal verbs
Vocabulary Test
1. Idiosyncrasy is:
the ideology of a political party or organization
a peculiar habit or characteristic of an individual or group
a synchronous movement between two mechanical parts
a characteristic of selfish people
2. Someone with excessive concern for precision and formal rules is:
moribund zealous pedantic rustic
3. Beleaguer means: to lend money to harass to sympathize to scare
4. “John’s __________ was irritating. He was reluctant even to buy bread!” jealousy soreness luck parsimony
5. An ombudsman is:
an impartial person who watches for administrative abuses inside organizations
a person with unrivaled powers inside the government
the head of any organization who is elected by a majority voting system
a person who is granted political asylum in a country that is facing civil war
6. If something is in oblivion:
time has severely ruined its forms it has been confiscated by a governmental body people have completely forgotten about it it can no longer be commercially traded between two or more countries
7. The fights on the streets created a big: void turmoil cyst foil
8. Mary was always able to recover quickly from misfortunes. She was very: witty brave resilient zany
9. A Pyrrhic victory is: a naval victory where all the ships from one side sink a victory where one of the sides flees actually a stalemate a victory with huge losses
10. The ________ steps confirmed he was hiding from someone. furtive wild puzzled gleaming
11. A bipartisan act: must be approved by popular referendum is supported by both sides aims to reduce corruption inside the government can have only two decrees
12. Recoil means: to cover with oil, especially when referring to car engines to move away or bounce back to remove something with brute force to repeat the same movement over and over again
13. Fred was in a hurry so he entered the room: arrogantly lonely briskly quietly
14. The __________ moon was shiny that night. whining waxing willing wafering
15. An algorithm is:
a list of the elements contained in group or set a set of guidelines used to create software, especially search related software a manual used in engineering projects a procedure defined to solve a problem, usually structured in steps
16. If something is implied by actions or statements, it is: frugal tactic tangible tacit
17. They had mixed feelings about it; hence their comments were: agnostic ambivalent deliberate antiquate
18. In a meritocracy: the advancement of individuals is based on their performance there is a strict hierarchy of powers the head of the government is elected by the population the senate is responsible for the approval of federal laws
19. Rhetoric is: the ability to lie without revealing it with body language a technique used to speak faster the skill of using language persuasively the ability to interpret complex logical problems
20. Alice was in a conundrum. She had no: time money food choic
Answers?
E-mail me: [email protected]
Modal Auxiliary Verbs
We use Can and Could to express capacity, possibility, hability and permission.
Can (simple present);
Could (simple past, conditional tense);
I can’t lift that box.
Birds can fly.
She can dance the tango.
Pelé could play soccer very well.
The ancient Romans could build good roads and bridges.
Mary could help you if she wanted to.
Requests:
Can you give us some information, please?
Could you give us some information, please? (more polite)
To ask permission:
Can I borrow you pen? Yes, of course you can.
Could I borrow your pen? No, I’m sorry but you can’t.
May (formal).
Could is used to express general hability in the past.
Ayrton Senna could drive incredibly fast.
For specific occasions in the past, we use:
was able to, managed to or succeeded in.
Mozart was a genius. He could write a symphony when he was 8.
Once he managed to write a symphony in two days. (specific occasion)
MAY and MIGHT
When used to express that something may happen, MAY represents a major possibility than MIGHT.
It’s cold and it may rain. (rain is expected)
It might even snow. (remote possiblity)
Jack is a good man. He can lend you the money. (possiblity)
He is a rich man. He might even give you the money. (remote possibility)
Formal usage:
May I sit down? (respectfully)
Yes, you may. No, you may not.
Can I sit down? (more common, informal)
Yes, you can, No, you can’t.
MIGHT is used to indicate permission but only in indiret speeches:
I asked Mr. Smith if I might borrow his dictionary.
To express possibility in the past:
She may/might have written to me, but I didn’t get any letter.
WILL, SHALL, WOULD
WILL and SHALL are used in future expressions.
I will/shall come to the party tomorrow.
WIIL YOU...? SHALL I...? SHALL WE...? express requests, suggestions, invitations and offerings.
WOULD YOU ... ? (more polite request)
Will/Would you come here please?
Shall I help you with your bags?
Shall we go to the movies tonight?
WOULD is more common em questions with like:
Would you like a piece of cake?
WOULD is used in indirect speech with sentences in the future tense. (It replaces will in such cases).
John: “I will go the party.”
John said that he would go to the party.
WOULD is also used in hypothetical conditional sentences:
We would go the party if we had a car.
WOULD can be used to express an action in the past:
My grandmother used to tell us stories every evening. She would tell us to sit down around her. She would open an old book and she would tell us to be quiet.
SHOULD, OUGHT and MUST
Should and “ought to” are used to show “moral obligation”, advice, duty.
Janet look sick. She should/ought to see a doctor.
I know that I should/ought to study, but I’m so tired...
Must is used to express strong obligation. We can also use have/has to:
We must/have to eat to live.
I must/have to lose weight. I’m too fat.
Compare the modal auxilary verbs below:
The doctor:”You must stop smoking immmediately.” (An order!)
A friend: “You should stop smking. Cigarettes are bad for you.”(Advice)
To express necessity or obligation related to the past, instead of using MUST we use HAD TO:
I had to work until late yesterday.
NEGATIVE FORMS;
Yous mustn’t talk loud in a library. (prohibition)
You don’t have to rent a car. I’ll lend you mine. (no need)
MUST is also used to express a logical conclusion, deduction or something that must be true.
“My sister is Miss Brazil.”
“She must be very beautiful. And you must be a big liar.”
To express opposing idea (the contrary):
“She can’t be ugly.”
Frequency Adverbs
To express how frequently we do certain actions we use frequency adverbs in a positive way:
Always, usually, generally, often, frequently, sometimes.
With a negative sense we use:
Hardly ever, seldom, rarely,never.
Frequency adverbs are mostly used with the Simple Present and normally they are placed before the main verb.
Eg.: I always read the newspaper in the morning.
Jane never drives at night.
The adverb always may also appear with the Present Continuous, when we want to express a critic view from how frequently the action happens.
He always reads the newspaper in the moring.
He is always reading the newspaper. Hasn’t he got any work to do?
Most common frequency adverbs postion are:
before main verbs in the simple tense:
We seldom visit our relatives in Minas Gerais.
after “am”, “are”, “is”, “was” or “were”:
The kids are never at home in the morning.
after the auxiliar verb (composed verbs) or modal auxiliary verbs:
I have never seen I white tiger.
You can always count on me.
For empashis purposes, we can also use a frequency adverb at the beggining of a sentence:
Sometimes, I watch the news on TV in the morning.
Frequency adverbs in a negative sense may appaear at the beggining of a sentence, but then the phrase structure changes (it seems more like a question):
Normal style: I had never felt so happy in my whole life.
Formal style: Never had I felt so happy in my whole life.
First class
Hi guys!
Today I’m going to start my new English Classes!
Enjoy!
Essa foi demais...
As vítimas da guerra entre israelenses e palestinos no Oriente Médio não ficaram apenas nas ruas de Gaza. O zoólogico local também foi atingido. Duas zebras morreram de fome, devido à escassez de comida que afeta toda a população, deixando carentes as crianças palestinas. Como não podem buscar novas zebras, por causa do bloqueio israelense, os responsáveis pelo zoológico Marah Land resolveram usar a criatividade para voltar a atrair público. Dois burros foram pintados com listras pretas em zoológico de Gaza, encantando as crianças que nunca viram uma zebra de verdade em carne e osso. Segundo Nidal Barghouthi, filha do dono do zoológico, as duas fêmeas foram pintadas usando fita crepe e tintura de cabelo, aplicada com pincel.
Novidade
Um blog que eu acompanho há muito tempo é o da Rosana Herman no site www.queridoleitor.zip.net mas parece que hoje ela mudou de endereço!
Já ouviu falar num tal de R7?
“It does not matter how slow you go so long as you do not stop.”
Wisdom of Confucius
Mr Bean