I know most of you arenât into blood, internal compressions/paddles but Iâm just going to do my thing and express myself! I hope you enjoy the story and feedback is appreciated!
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Losing a patient is always a hard thing to deal with on multiple levels for the trauma team. You have to watch patients suffer a bit before they die and then the worst part is having to tell family or friends that they didnât make it. Itâs hard doing this once in a given day but imagine doing it twice! Thatâs the reality we face when working the ER night shift. You know what they say: nothing good happens after midnight! Before I ramble on and get off topic, let me start from the beginning of this particular shift.
It started last Friday night around 8pm. The first few hours of the shift were pretty uneventful; all minor cases, people attempting to use the ER as a walk in clinic, or attempting to get drugs from us because of âback problems.â However, we received our first major case around midnight. A young woman was hit by a car and was in pretty rough shape and the eta was 3 minutes. We got our gear on and prepped the next available trauma room for the patientâs arrival.
Those 3 minutes came and went quickly. The sound of the ambulanceâs sirens could be heard as it showed up. Moments later, the EMTâs wheeled the patient into the trauma room. She was an Asian woman in her early to mid twenties, slim build, and somewhat tall. The EMTâs updated us on her condition: â24 year old female, blunt trauma to the abdomen, intubated at the scene, hemodynamically unstable, BP is low, heart rate is high, coded twice on the way here. We shocked her once and got her back during the first code and then we shocked her 4 times during the second code; she was down for about 5 minutes. We got her back just before we got here.â
After the EMTâs left the room, we lifted the patient onto the table. She wasnât conscious but her eyes were half open, which gave all of us a creepy feeling. Itâs as if she was somehow watching us.
I started barking orders: âget a chest x ray, CBC, tox screen, push FFP, start the massive transfusion protocol, get a surgical consult, get me an abdominal ultrasound, an echo, and tell CT we might be on the way over if we can get her stable!â I had my doubts that we could stabilize her before sending her off to surgery; her stats werenât the best and she already coded twice.
I started examining the patient by palpating her abdomen. It felt tender and stiff, which didnât totally surprise me because she was in hypovolemic shock and the EMTâs mentioned blunt abdominal trauma. Next, we performed the abdominal ultrasound. To be honest with you, it didnât help THAT much. There was blood in her abdomen but we couldnât determine the source. I didnât think it was the inferior vena cava because she wouldâve died long before she got here. Injuries to veins arenât common but when they happen, theyâre REALLY bad and patients often donât survive. I mean, 95% of injuries to the inferior vena cava are fatal even if the patient makes it to the hospital.
I assumed her injuries were either an arterial bleed or an organ injury (or possibly both) but I didnât know for sure and that really alarmed me.
Next, we did the chest x ray and echocardiogram. Her chest was fine despite a few broken ribs from the chest compressions she received earlier and her heart was fine; there wasnât cardiac tampenade, pericardial effusion, or lacerations to the atria or ventricles. Based on that, it appeared her only issues were because of blunt abdominal trauma.
I kept up with the massive transfusion and I tried giving her drugs to increase her blood pressure but the effect appeared to be neutral: She wasnât getting better or worse.
A few minutes later, the trauma surgeon arrived for the consult. The surgeon on call that night was Dr Rodgers. Sheâs a young, attractive, and intelligent woman but sheâs arrogant and hard to deal with at times. She went to brown university and she has to let you know about it every chance she gets and that gets old really fast!
I updated her on the patient and she said âok, let me do an abdominal ultrasound.â I tried to explain to her that I already did one but she didnât seem to care about what I had to say. She started the ultrasound and said âhmm, thereâs a lot of blood but Iâm not sure where itâs coming from. I wonder if the abdominal aorta was lacerated?â I replied âblunt aortic injuries are uncommon. What if itâs her spleen?â She said âtheyâre uncommon but they still happen! Maybe her spleen is injured too, I donât know for sure. What I do know is this is really bad and we need to do something ASAP.â I said âwell, she isnât stable enough for a CT scan and I doubt sheâd make it through surgery in this condition so what do you suggest doing?â Rodgers replied âletâs increase her meds to regulate her BP and keep the transfusions going. I think we can buy her some time until we can get her to the OR. Letâs get a Neuro consult in here to rule out a brain bleed.â
Several minutes later, the neurologist showed up and did a brief consult because they had another patient to get to. They said âthe patient doesnât have a head injury. Her pupils are reactive and she doesnât present any signs or symptoms of a head injury.â
It was now 12:35am and the patient was starting to deteriorate. Her BP was dropping and the bleed in her abdomen appeared to get worse; her abdomen was slightly distended. Rodgers said âok, we gotta get her up to the OR. This is definitely an aortic injury!â Before we could wheel the young woman out of the trauma room, she coded! Chest compressions were started as the sound of the paddles being charged could be heard in the background. The paddles were placed on the womanâs chest and a shock was delivered. Her body jolted quickly and violently before returning to her previous position. She remained in V-Fib so the trauma team continued to deliver strong, rapid compressions as the paddles were recharging. Her small breasts bounced slightly during each compression. Her eyes were still half open staring up above in an eerily beautiful way.
The paddles were placed back on her chest and another shock was delivered. Her battered body arched violently and dramatically for a moment before slamming back down onto the table. She remained in V-Fib so chest compressions went on for 30 seconds or so until the paddles were ready again. Her body was thrown into the air as her arms and legs twitched slightly. Unfortunately, she became asystolic after this shock. We pushed epinephrine and continued chest compressions.
We continued chest compressions on her for several minutes but we couldnât restore a shockable rhythm. I decided to make a drastic call since things didnât appear to be heading in the right direction. âprep her for a thoracotomy!â I ordered. I bet youâre thinking âwhy would you crack her chest if itâs an abdominal injury?â The reasoning is: if itâs an injury to the aorta, I can clamp that off in her chest which would temporarily stop the bleeding in her abdomen, hit her with the internal paddles a few times, and send her off to the OR for a pretty straight forward repair.
Betadine was squirted onto the left side of her chest. As CPR continued, an incision was made in the 5th intercostal space just below her nipple. The cut started near her sternum and ended up near her mid axillary line. Once the incision was made, a rib spreader was placed into the cut. CPR still went on as we began to open her chest. Once we got her chest opened, I reached into her chest as external chest compressions were stopped. I began massaging her lifeless heart while Dr Rodgers dug around a bit to get the thoracic aorta. Once the clamp was placed, we pushed epi and continued internal compressions. At this point, all we could do is hope that weâd get a shockable rhythm back.
Her abdomen distension didnât appear to get worse but even after 4 and a half minutes of internal compressions, the monitors still displayed no rhythm. Overall, sheâs been down for about 10 minutes so things were starting to get a bit iffy. My plan didnât seem to be working out as easily as I expected!
I continued pumping her heart manually. I looked down at the girlâs face and thought âcome on, just start beating! Thatâs all you gotta do!â
I massaged her lifeless heart for another 2 minutes until we finally regained a shockable rhythm. The internal paddles were charged and placed into her chest. A dull thump was heard as her body twitched slightly. She remained in V-Fib so I continued internal compressions as the internal paddles were recharged. I could feel her heart quiver in my hands and I have to say, itâs an extremely unnatural feeling. Itâs almost as if her heart was trying to say âGET OUTâ despite our efforts to save her life.
The paddles were placed back into her chest and a shock was delivered. Her feet jolted slightly as the monitors went flat. I frantically reached back into her chest and started massaging her heart. âcome on, just beat! Thatâs all you have to do!â I thought.
5 more minutes of internal compressions went on until a shockable rhythm was displayed on the monitor. Things were getting desperate because the patient has now been down for 18 minutes.
The internal paddles were placed and the patient was defibbed yet again. A dull thump was heard as her body twitched slightly. She remained in V-Fib so I massaged her heart some more. Her eyes were now closed. Her skin was pale and slightly cold to the touch and her lips were starting to turn a reddish purple color.
The next shock was delivered. Her body jumped quickly as the monitors continued to go crazy. She was in v-tach so we shocked her again a moment later. Her heart quivered for a few seconds and then came to an abrupt stop. The high pitched sound of the monitors going flat could be heard. At this point, we knew the patient wasnât coming back. âtime of death, 12:57am.â I said reluctantly.
The ambu bag was detached from the ET tube and the monitors were switched off. The EKG electrodes were disconnected from her lifeless body as the rib spreader was removed. A toe tag was placed on the big toe of her left foot. Her body was then covered up, only leaving the toe tag visible as it dangled in front of her soft, wrinkly soles.
I walked out of the trauma room feeling defeated. We did everything right and the patient still died! It felt like the patient just lost her will to live. Whatâs even worse is I donât even know the womanâs name! How sad is that?!
After a half hour break, I was able to get my emotions under control and finish my shift.
Around 3:15am, another patient was brought in totally unannounced and under CPR. â22 year old female, multiple stab wounds to the neck and chest. Tracheotomy performed at the scene, defibbed twice, down for 3 minutes.â
The patient was an attractive light skinned black woman. She was about 5'6, average build, had straight black hair, and beautiful dark brown eyes, which were wide open and staring accusingly at us, as if she was saying "wtf just happened?! Do something!â Apparently she got into an argument with her boyfriend and the altercation became physicalâŚand apparently deadly.
We lifted the patient onto the trauma room bed; the monitors went flat for a moment during the transfer. Chest compressions were resumed seconds later as I began to steth the patient. âIâm not getting any breath sounds on the left side. Letâs get a chest tube going. I wanna get a chest x ray and an echo if possible. Push FFP, start the MTP, and get a thoracotomy tray in here just in case!â
I squirted betadine on the patientâs left chest and quickly made an incision in between her ribs as CPR continued. Once the incision was made, I placed a chest tube into the pleural space and restored normal breath sounds and got a little bit of blood out of her chest cavity.
A moment later, she went into V-Fib. The orange pads were placed onto her chest as the paddles were charged.
Her body was thrown into the air as she was shocked. Her eyes stared lifelessly above as we frantically pounded her blood soaked chest. Her breasts bounced considerably due to the deep, rapid compressions she was receiving. The monitors displayed no change whatsoever so we defibbed the patient again to no avail. Then we pushed epi and continued the code.
5 minutes went by and the patient was still asystolic. Overall, sheâs been down for just under 9 minutes. I decided to prep her chest for a left anterolateral thoracotomy, just like the last patient. She had penetrating injuries to the neck and chest so I felt that I had to control the hemorrhaging in her chest. Her neck wounds were noticeable but the carotid artery and jugular vein were missed; her trachea was compromised, which explains the tracheotomy.
The young womanâs chest was squirted with betadine. Her eyes stared emotionlessly as her chest was being pounded and cut into. I looked at her eyes as all of that was going on. I had a strange, seemingly metaphysical feeling that she was thinking âIâve been cut enough today, just stop this and let me go.â
After a minute or so, the trauma team was able to get her chest opened up. External CPR stopped as I reached into her chest and began direct cardiac massage. Her chest cavity was a bloody mess despite the chest tube I placed earlier.
Blood was suctioned out of her chest as I massaged her heart relentlessly. Once I could actually see the structures inside of her chest, I noticed that there were several lacerations in the atria and ventricles. I decided to plug up the lacerations in her heart the best I could until we could get her to the OR. However, I needed to get her back in the next minute or so or sheâd be gone. She was asystolic at that moment so we were all getting worried.
The wounds in her heart were plugged and after another minute of internal compressions, she had a shockable rhythm. The internal paddles were charged and a shock was administered. A dull thump was heard as her body twitched slightly; the monitors displayed no change. We decided to hit her with the internal paddles for a second time. Her feet jumped into the air just a few inches off the table and slammed back down in a matter of a second or two. The monitors displayed no change yet again so we shocked her a 3rd time. A dull thump was heard accompanied by the high pitched sound of the monitors going flat.
We stopped what we were doing and checked her pupils and for other signs of life.
She wasnât breathing, her heart clearly wasnât beating, her pupils were fixed and dilated, and sheâs been down for 15 minutes. âtime of death, 3:31am.â I said as the ambu bag was detached from the ET tube. We shut the monitors off and began the same process we did with the last deceased patient.
I left the trauma room because I just couldnât watch them cover her body up. I lost 2 patients in one night and that made me feel like a total failure. Itâs not like a mass casualty incident occurred, these were 2 random, unrelated patients who came into my ER and both died.
The last few hours of that shift dragged but Iâm glad there werenât any other major cases brought in because I felt totally burnt out and defeated. I felt totally relieved when I left the hospital at 8am. I was able to go home, get some sleep, and start fresh later on. Perhaps Iâll save the next trauma patient I get!