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Political justice is harmony in a structured political body.

An ideal society consists of three main classes of people—producers (craftsmen, farmers, etc.), auxiliaries (warriors), and guardians (rulers); a society is just when relations between these three classes are right.

The soul of has three parts: A rational part, which is responsible for our philosophical inclinations; a spirited part, which is responsible for our feelings of anger; and an appetitive part of the soul, which lusts after all sorts of things.

Rulers must rule, auxiliaries must uphold rulers’ convictions, and producers must limit themselves to exercising whatever skills nature granted them.

Plato explains that the world is divided into two realms, the visible (which we grasp with our senses) and the intelligible (which we only grasp with our mind).

The visible world is the universe we see around us.

Sensible things are relative and always changing.

The intelligible world is comprised of the Forms—abstract, changeless absolutes such as Goodness, Beauty, Redness, and Sweetness that exist in permanent relation to the visible realm and make it possible.

The Forms are abstract, timeless absolutes.

Only the Forms are objects of knowledge, because only they possess the eternal unchanging truth that the mind—not the senses—must apprehend.

The Good is the highest form possible.

To become a ruler the philosopher must know the Form of the Good.

Philosophers form the only class of men to possess knowledge and are also the most just men.

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The Republic