The Robbery At Norrmalmstorg And The Origins of Stockholm Syndrome
The crime
1973 was a dramatic year in Sweden. The king died, it was time for the election, and one of the most famous crimes occurred; all at once. This is the full story of the robbery at Norrmalmstorg in Stockholm and the origins of Stockholm Syndrome.
It all began when 32-year-old Janne Olsson walked into the bank at Norrmalmstorg in disguise. Janne pulled a gun on the customers and the employees and took four of the employees as hostages; three women and one man. Janne communicated with the police via a phone inside the bank and demanded that the notorious criminal Clark Olofsson should be taken to the bank. Clark Olofsson was incarcerated in Norrköping, about two hours from Stockholm, and the police agreed to Janne’s demand. Clark Olofsson was brought to the bank and sent inside, and police hoped that he could convince Janne to release the hostages and surrender. However, things did not go as planned. Janne, Clark, and the hostages would spend five days together inside the bank and they even became friendly with each other. All of Sweden followed the dramatic events via TV and radio, and one of the hostages, Kristin Enmark, even talked to the prime minister Olof Palme live on the radio. Kristin and the other hostages said that they were not afraid of Janne and Clark, and they begged Palme to let the robbers leave the bank with the money and an escape car.
After a few days, the police started to threaten the robbers that they would drill a hole into the roof and release a toxic gas inside the bank vault. To stop this, Janne, Clark, and the hostages decided to take a photo where the hostages had nooses around their necks. Clark is also visible in the photo to the right. This photo was sent to the police, and Janne said that if they would release the gas, the hostages would be hanged. However, this was just a stunt to stop the police, and the hostages were not in actual danger. Law enforcement decided to drill the hole anyway, and they even sent a microphone down into the bank vault through the hole so that they could hear what Janne’s next move was. At one point, they heard one woman (later identified as Kristin Enmark) screaming “Stop! Stop!” which led the police to believe that she was being raped. However, Kristin was actually screaming “Stop drilling!” since the sound from the drilling was extremely loud.
The drama ended with the police releasing a gas into the bank vault. The gas made everyone inside the vault having a hard time breathing, and they all started to cough violently. After just a little while, Janne screamed that they surrendered. The police instructed that the hostages should leave the vault before Janne and Clark, but the hostages refused since they were afraid that the police would hurt Janne and Clark. Instead, the two criminals left the vault first and the hostages shortly thereafter.
The hostages were taken to the hospital and the criminals were apprehended.
Stockholm Syndrome
This event was the origins of Stockholm Syndrome. This syndrome means that a person who has been taken captive against their will starts to sympathize with their captor and even sides with their captor instead of the police. All of the hostages in this particular case denies suffering from Stockholm Syndrome. Kristin Enmark writes in her book from 2015 that she acted the way she did for her own safety.
Trial and aftermath
Janne Olsson was found guilty of the robbery and was sentenced to ten years in prison. Clark Olofsson was also found guilty of the robbery, but he was later freed from all charges when the case was tried again in Hovrätten, the second-highest criminal court in Sweden.
Janne Olsson was released from prison in the early 80s. He was suspected of some sort of economic criminality in 1996, but he managed to escape to Thailand before the police apprehended him. Olsson lived there until 2006 when he returned to Sweden and surrendered to the police. He was never charged with any crime since the crime had passed the statute of limitations. Janne Olsson is still living in Sweden at the time this text is written (September 2020).
Clark Olofsson continued down his criminal path after the robbery at Norrmalmstorg. He was released from prison in 2018 and is since a free man. He had a romantic relationship with Kristin Enmark, one of the hostages, while incarcerated. They even tried to have a child together, but Kristin suffered a miscarriage. Their relationship reinforced the general idea that Kristin suffered from Stockholm syndrome.
It is speculated that Clark Olofsson managed to steal a large amount of money from the bank. How he did this is unknown, but one theory is that he smuggled the money out by putting the money in his rectum.
Janne Olsson, Clark Olofsson, and the hostages appeared in a documentary in 2003 where they talked about their experiences during their five days together. However, they sometimes tell completely different stories and remember different things. When Janne was interviewed in 2003, he said that he regretted his crime. He said (this is my translation from Swedish to English): “I have spent 20 years in total in prison. Not a single day incarcerated is worth the possibility of money. I don’t think so, now when I have done my time. So, to the people watching this, don’t become the new Janne Olsson or Clark Olofsson”.

















