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学術論文　データの二重出版と断片的出版

学術研究は、その成果を他の研究者と共有されて初めて完了したと言うことが出来ます。私たちの業界（職種）では、学会発表で研究を終了してしましい、学術論文にされていな研究データがかなりの数存在することを肌感覚として実感しています。今回のテーマは学術論文に関連するデータの二重出版と断片的出版についてです。はじめに学術論文は、学術上の記録です。そのため報告された文献はそれぞれ独立した研究成果を正確に反映しているものでなければなりません。したがって、データの二重出版と断片的出版はこの目的を脅かす者なのです。ここでいう二重出版は、同じデータ・同じ考えを2つの別の情報源として出版すること、断片的出版は1つの研究成果から得られたものに不必要な分割を行って複数の論文とすることです。二重出版基本的に、すでに公開されている学術論文を、再度オリジナルのものとして他の雑紙に投稿する事です。 …

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Data Availability Statement informationとは

Data Availability Statement informationってなに？？ Data Availability Statementは、論文に関連する研究データが利用できる場所と、データにアクセスできる条件を読者に通知することです。また、データセットへのリンク（該当する場合）も含まれています。つまり、読者が論文内容の再検討時、メタデータの提出方法、依頼方法を論文内に記載することを示します。 Journal of Occupational Healthは必修事項昨日、”A multicenter study of radiation doses to the eye lenses of clinical physicians performing radiology procedures in…

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#論文

医療統計学　平均値と中央値の使い分け

論文作成時に平均値と中央値のどちらを使用して論文を作成しますか？多くの学会発表や論文でその集団の特性を示す代表値として平均値±標準偏差(SD)が使用されています。一方で平均値 ± SDではなく、中央値と範囲（最小値ー最大値）や四分位範囲が用いられることもあります。私たちは子供の頃から平均値に慣れ親しんできたので、多くの人が平均値を使用しますが、平均値と中央値にはその使い方に違いがあります。基本的な考え方平均値は基本的にはデータが正規分布に従う場合に用いる集団の代表値で、正規分布しないデータには中央値を使うのが一般的です。時々、論文中で平均値±SDと中央値[四分位範囲」が使い分けわれているのは、そのデータが正規分布しているかどうかによって代表値を使い分けているものと考えられます。平均値その集団のばらつきを示す場合に平均値であれば標準偏差（SD）表記方法平均値 ±…

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#中央値 #平均値 #統計学

春ですね

#xt2 #fujifilm #ricoh #rikenon

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Camera: Fujifilm X-T2

Lens : 35 mm F1.4

f/8 75mm 1/250 secs iso:25600

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Camera: Fujifilm X-T2

Lens : 35 mm F1.4

f/8 75mm 1/ iso:100

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#japan #photography #travel photography #japanstyle #桜 #夜桜 #夜景 #cherry blossoms #night view

Spring has come

春ですね

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Camera: Fujifilm X-T2

Lens : 35 mm F1.4

f/8 75mm 1/1600 iso:100

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#japan #photography #travel photography #japanstyle #spring #flowers #fujicolor #fujifilm

Country road

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Camera: Fujifilm X-T2

Lens : 35 mm F1.4

f/8 75mm 1/1600 iso:100

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#japan #photography #travel photography #black and white #japanstyle #country road

Good morning

#japan #photography #travel photography #black and white #japanstyle #fuji acros #fujifilm #fujicolor #xt2 #ricoh #rikenon

The Hinamatsuri is an annual event in Japan that prays for the healthy growth of girls.

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Camera: Fujifilm X-T2

Lens : 35 mm 1.4

f/1.4 55 mm 1/250 iso:800

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#japan #photography #travel photography #black and white #japanstyle #雛祭り #photoshoot #photoblog #fuji acros #fujifilm #fujicolor #xt2

These pictures are Japanese landscape.

It's a Japanese shrine.

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Camera: Fuji film X-T2

Lens : 35 mm 1.4

f/1.4 55 mm 1/600 iso:100

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#japan #japanstyle #shrine #black and white #photoshoot #photoblog #photography #fujifilm #fujicolor #fuji acros #acros100 #x t2

A shrine (Jinja Kamuyashiro) is a ritual facility based on the belief in Shinto, a religion peculiar to Japan. The gods of origin, Tenjin Jigen, the ancestral gods of the imperial family and clans, and spirits such as great men and righteous men are enshrined as gods. According to the materials of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, there are about 85,000 shrines all over Japan. Including tens of thousands of unregistered small shrines, there are more than 100,000 shrines throughout Japan.

#landscape #nature #japan #japanstyle #shrine #black and white #travel photography #photography #photoblog #photoshoot #fuji acros #acros100 #fujifilm #fujicolor

In 1575 (third year of Tensho) the Okudaira family, which up until then had existed as one of the smaller wealthy samurai families in Mikawa's mountainous region, would become known throughout Japan.

It began with the Battle of Nagashino on the plain of Shitaragahara, in which the Oda and Tokugawa allied forces expelled and destroyed the forces of Takeda, in a ferocious battle that is said to have forever changed Japanese history. The sacrifice made by Okudaira retainer Torii Suneemon prompted Oda Nobunaga to award highest military honors upon the next generation Okudaira family member, Okudaira Sadamasa.

At this time, Nobunaga awarded Sadamasa with a single letter of his name: 'Nobu,' and thereafter he became known as 'Nobumasa.' Further, Nobumasa became wed to Tokugawa Ieyasu's eldest daughter, Princess Kame, and proceeded to make several great military achievements befitting of a legendary warrior, taking no shame in the name of son-in-law, and contributing greatly to the creation of Tokugawa's new bakufu government. Nobumasa's children, starting with Iemasa, would strive and succeed in living up to his achievements. The Okudaira family managed to consolidate their distinguished position tied with the Tokugawa as hereditary vassals.

Many years passed, until 1717, the second year of the Kyoho era. The eighth Tokugawa Shogun Yoshimune, who had only just taken up his post the previous year, was driving for a reformation of the shogunate. Desiring greater control of West Japan, he requested Masashige, 7th generation Okudaira, to reside in Nakatsu Castle in the Buzen Province. This meant a promotion and increase from his previous dominion of Miyazu, Tango Province by 10,000 koku, to a total 100,000 koku. Yoshimune was the great-grandchild of Ieyasu, and he is said to have worshipped his exalted great-grandfather constantly. He even modeled his own government on Ieyasu's political method, stating: "All matters are settled according to Gongen-sama (Ieyasu)." He must have held high expectations of Okudaira Masashige, who shared the same Tokugawa blood.

There followed many great and wise Okudaira leaders, notably Masataka, 11th generation Okudaira, who contributed to the advancement of Dutch studies in Japan. The Okudaira continued to live in Nakatsu castle and watch over the castle town for 154 years until 1871 (fourth year of Meiji) when the 15th generation Okudaira Masayuki met with the abolition of the han system. At the time of the abolition of the han system, almost all buildings inside the castle were completely destroyed. Only the palace was preserved as a Nakatsu office building in Kokura Prefecture.

However, during the Satsuma Rebellion in 1877 (tenth year of Meiji), the palace also burned down. After the War and political turmoil arising from Japan's defeat, the former feudal lords of the Okudaira became the center of power in 1964 (39th year of Showa), and together with donations from the citizens of Nakatsu they built a castle tower.

Since then, the new castle has lasted through the Showa and Heisei periods as both a symbol of pride and as a sight-seeing area for visitors to Nakatsu city.

Now, in 2011, fuelled by the company charged with upholding the spirit of the Okudaira clan, newly-emerged Nakatsu Castle (Museum of the Okudaira) starts its new life holding a variety of events and projects for the citizens of Nakatsu city.

#japanstyle #japan #travel photography #photography #castle #japancastle #fuji acros #acros100 #fujicolor #fujifilm #xt2

Japanese landscape