Cayden Carino-Pablo @caydencarinopablo - Tumblr Blog

The Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze Defensive Operation

It was October 25, 1942. Army Group A (Allegiance: Germany) was racing towards the major cities of Grozny, Baku, and Tbilisi, to capture the oil fields of the Caucasus. The Germans planned an attack to gain control of the vital city of Ordzhonikidze (now called Vladikavkaz), which was the gateway through the rough mountains of the Caucasus. The Soviets had not been expecting an attack in this area and had instead been preparing to launch an offensive operation against the area of Mozdok and Malgobek , so the Germans had complete tank superiority in the area around Ordzhonikidze, as well as three times the men of the Soviets, eleven times the artillery and ten times the mortars [1].

Early in the morning, several dozens of German aircraft deliver a heavy attack on the headquarters of the 37th Army, which was defending the area of Ordzhonikidze. Resulting from this heavy attack was the severance of communications between the headquarters and the main forces [1 and 2]. On the 26th, German forces continued the attack near Granichnyy, and tanks were able to breach a weak Soviet defense line and were able to advance 12.5 miles to the southwest [1], capturing the city of Argudan.

On the 28th, the Germans attacked once more and were able to take Nalchik. On the night of October 30th, the Soviets responded by moving a tank brigade reinforced with anti-tank artillery to Digora, while also positioning elements of the 58th Army to defend the mouth of the Ardon river. The Germans meanwhile were able to penetrate enemy lines and attacked in the Chikola area, destroying the headquarters of the 10th Corps at the Soviets’ rear. They then launched their attack on the Ardon river, breaking through Soviet resistance and crossing the river on the 1st of November. They were able to capture the city of Alagir during this assault [1].

Meanwhile, the Germans were able to eliminate the defenses in Digora and continued to advance towards Ardon. After waiting for the rest of the attack group to catch up, they launched an attack on the Darg Kokh railway line, however this attack was stopped after advancing a couple hundred meters in the face of heavy enemy fire [2]. German reconnaissance efforts were able to determine that there were at least 10 tanks and 3 armored trains defending the rail line, along with a powerful defense of infantry units. The Germans attacked again with this information, with the 4th Panzer Regiment destroying 6 enemy tanks and 2 armored trains and were able to reach the western part of Ardon. However, by this time it was already nightfall, and the Germans could advance no further [2].

The 13th Panzer Division attacked the city of Ardon; however, the city had been evacuated the night before! They were immediately attacked by heavy enemy artillery, but were able to carry on the attack, outmaneuvering Soviet defenses. However, the German attack reached the Fiagdon river, and were forced to find a suitable position to attempt to ford it. The Germans had found an available position to cross the Fiagdon, however it was heavily defended by Soviet personnel. However, a very brave Hauptmann (Hauptmann = Captain) led his troops across the river and was able to cross safely. The next formation that followed, however, was attacked by strongly camouflaged Soviet defenses [2], and had the German self-propelled guns not intervened, the Germans would have had a not very fun day.

But the Soviets were not going to just stand there and not do anything about it! They launched multiple counterattacks around the Darg Kokh railroad and were able to blow it up with explosives [2].

On the 2nd of November, German armor supported by infantry attacked the outer defense line of Ordzhonikidze, destroying the outer flank and capturing the city of Gizel, however, could advance no further as the Soviet reserves were committed to defend the area. Bad weather did not stop the Soviets from committing their 4th Air Army’s planes, as they flew 2,200 sorties and shot down 60 enemy aircraft in a 12-day period. The Germans continued to attempt to attack Ordzhonikidze, concentrating 150 tanks for a big attack, however this attack was thrown back, and the Germans suffered heavy losses. The Germans were forced to halt their attack until the south side of the Terek had been cleared of Soviet forces, due to concerns that the Soviets could launch a counterattack into the German flanks [2].

Suddenly, on November 6th, Soviet forces launched a massive attack on Gizel, cutting off elements of the 23rd Panzer Division almost completely, with only a small gap of 1.85 miles that the Germans could retreat through. German units made ferocious attempts to break out of encirclement, with fierce fighting in the Suar river continuing. Finally, Soviet units captured Gizel and reached Fiagdon once more, although tough German resistance stopped them from advancing further yet [1].

The Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze Defensive Operation ended with around 16,000 casualties for the Soviets, and 5000 casualties for the Germans [1 and 2], turning what would have been a German decisive victory into a Soviet victory, despite the Soviets being outnumbered. German forces were unable to launch any offensives on the Soviet oilfields, denying them valuable oil that the Germans needed desperately. In addition, the Nalchik-Ordzhonikidze Defensive Operation held up troops that the Germans could have used to reinforce their rapidly devolving situation at Stalingrad.

Your name is unknown, your deed is immortal.

-Inscription on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow.

Sources:

[1] codenames.info

[2] feldgrau.net

On the Far East: Japan vs Soviet Union

Soviets vs the Japanese. Mosin vs Arisaka. Polikarpov vs Kawasaki, right down to shovels vs bayonets. The two countries had been rivals and enemies since that night on February 8, 1904, when Port Arthur came under bombardment by Japanese destroyers, initiating the Russo-Japanese war and leading to the loss of the Russians.

But, in 1939, the Russians were ready to take out their revenge against the Japanese, who had been climbing through China and were right up against Mongolia. Tensions increased in the area. The commanders were waiting for something to happen. An attack. An accident. Anything to cause the situation to explode and turn the relations between Russia and Japan back into war.

Then they had their accident.

Several dozen Mongolian cavalry accidentally walk the disputed area of the Khalkhin Gol river looking for grazing for their horses and are attacked by some of Manchukuo’s forces and are forced back past Khalkhin Gol. But the Mongolians return in bigger forces and the defending forces of Manchukuo are unable to force them back this time.

Lieutenant Colonel Yaozo Azuma is commander of the 64th Infantry regiment, and he leads a counterattack back into the Khalkhin Gol area, forcing back Mongolian units. However the Mongolians return with yet more soldiers and crush Azuma’s troops, and Azuma suffers the loss of 63% of his men.

Meanwhile, the soon-to-become legendary Georgy Zhukov is made Komkor (Corps Commander) of the 57th Special Corps and orders more armored and motorized units, while the Japanese also increase their forces in the area. But Lieutenant General Michitaro Komatsubara is given the permission to kick the Soviets out of Khalkhin Gol in June, and so a two pronged assault in an attempt to encircle Soviet forces was made.

However, the Japanese suffer heavy losses and slowly run out of ammunition. Even worse, one of the detachments for the assault was forced back, making the attack fail. The Soviets suffer even heavier losses, but they are easily replaced, and after the Second World War demonstrated that they could lose 20 million soldiers and still hang tight. But back to the battles of Khalkhin Gol.

The conflict had become a stalemate, but Zhukov had prepared an assault to destroy the 23rd Division. On 20 August, at 5:45, hundreds of aircraft and artillery attack Japanese positions, followed by infantry and armored troops to encircle the Japanese forces. It works, but the Japanese refuse to surrender. Zhukov destroys them, and a ceasefire is signed in Moscow on 15 September.

The Soviets got their revenge. The Japanese were defeated. But the Soviets were still hungry for even more revenge, and decided to have dessert. So, after dealing with Germany in World War 2, the Soviets declared war on Japan again and invaded Manchukuo. Against fierce Japanese resistance, they overwhelmed the Japanese defenders and captured Emperor Puyi. Some Japanese units in the Kwantung Army had not heard the surrender broadcast by Hirohito or they simply didn’t want to surrender, and as a result they kept fighting until the surrender order finally reached the Kwantung Army in full.

The Soviets meanwhile had taken up landings in Korea, in Sakhalin and in the Kurils, the latter of which Japan still wants back. In the former, the US took the southern half. However, the North Koreans tried to unite both the countries by invading South Korea, leading to a 3 year war on the devastated wasteland Korea, pockmarked by many a B-29, the dreaded bomber that could carry many bombs or even an atomic one.

In conclusion, the Soviets had a military that could have fought the Japanese one-on-one, although probably not if Germany was against it. Thanks for reading this blog post about Soviet-Japanese wars.

How to get text from a textbox using HTML and JS

You want to get the text in a textbox so that you can figure if a user has the correct user and password. Use this code:

var text = document.getElementById(”input your textbox id”).value

alert(text)

}

</script>

Loops in Lua (Roblox)

You want to do a repetitive task while scripting. For example, you want your code to print to your output 12 times.

“print(”Hello, world!”)

You copy and paste your code 12 times, and now it works how it should work.

However, now you want it to print the amount of times it already has been printed. Oh no, now you need it to spend 4 more minutes changing every thing in the code! That is where for loops work.

You can make your code do a repetitive task multiple times with an easy to use for loop, such as below: for i = 1,12 do

print(”Hello, world! ”..i)

end

This would make it produce the output “Hello, world!” along with the amount of time this command was run. Example:

Hello, world! 1

Hello, world! 2

Hello, world! 3

Now, let’s say that you want to make your code select a random number, and if that number is equal to a certain number, it would print “Number found!”

Now, you can’t for loop that. But you can use a repeat loop for this task:

local numberguess

local number = 4

repeat numberguess = math.random() until numberguess == number

print(”Number found!”)

Now, let’s say you want to do something forever. Don’t know what it is, or whatever it is, but you can use a while loop for this task:

while true do

print(”haha output spam”)

end

T-34: Soviet Technology

It’s 1941. The Germans have launched Operation Barbarossa, and the situation in the Soviet Union is extremely dire. Panzers are everywhere, and are destroying many Soviet tanks. However, the Soviets have their own tricks up their sleeves...

The design of the T-34 started in 1937. Mikhail Koshkin is recruited by the Red Army development offices to work on a new tank to replace BT tanks. The prototype, designated A-20, is equipped with 20 mm of armor and a 45mm gun like the gun on the BT-7 and BT-5. It has a convertible drive that allows it to run on wheels without caterpillar tracks. On road, this meant it could travel ~50 kilometers per hour, though in combat it was complex to repair and usually gave no advantage when in a fight.

In Khalkhin Gol and Lake Khasan, BT tanks use engines that catch on fire easily when hit by incendiary anti tank weapons. The flammable liquids that are in the anti tank weapons seep into improperly welded armor, setting the tank ablaze. Soviet tanks are not invulnerable to the 37mm guns on the Japanese tanks, and are easily destroyed.

The shock of this led Mikhail Koshkin to decide to ask Josef Stalin to redesign his tank, with 32mm front plating, a powerful 76.2mm gun, and bigger tracks. Stalin approves, and the tank’s design is underway. After tests, the new prototype, the A-32, is as fast as the A-20. However, Koshkin decides, it needs heavier armor, and gives it 45 millimeters of armor! It also is given a more up-to-date 76.2mm gun. He names it the T-34, after the year 1934 when he decided to start on the tank.

2 T-34 prototypes were completed in 1940, and Koshkin decided to impress Stalin by driving a whopping 2000 kilometers from Kharkov to Moscow. Then, he drives it to the Mannerheim Line, and finally, back to Kharkov.

However, Mikhail Koshkin does not survive. He gets pneumonia, and shortly dies after. It appears that the T-34 does not have a heater out of all things.

T-34s are soon mass produced after the start of Operation Barbarossa. They are very powerful against the Germans, and in one German report, it is stated that several anti tank shells are fired on one T-34, but it is not enough to wipe out the tank and it goes on towards German lines.

The tank does very well in Operation Barbarossa. The Germans thought it would be another easy picking, that the Russians would have inferior tanks. It wasn’t true. It came as a shock, to the Germans. Their anti tank weapons ricochet or simply don’t penetrate. They need bigger, 105mm or 88mm guns to wipe them out.

More T-34 variants such as the T-34-76 and 85 are produced, in response to heavier German tanks like the Tiger I. T-34s are responsible for assisting in the encirclement of the Germans in Stalingrad. In 1943, newer tanks like the Panther are however responsible for destruction of many T-34s. Meanwhile, newer tanks like the IS-2 are introduced to the battlefield by the Soviets, greatly allowing for more destruction of enemy tanks, however more tanks are destroyed by the T-34. The Soviets slowly crept through Poland, and eventually Germany, after the Battle of Kursk, and while the Panthers could destroy the T-34 at long distances, a shortage of molybdenum for fortifying tank armor meant Panthers could have catastrophic damage on parts like the lower glacis of the tank.

World War 2 was not the end for the T-34. Oh, no. Of course not. The T-34 was used in the Korean War by North Korean forces, and American weapons like the Bazooka and the Chaffee’s 75mm gun were unable to penetrate it. However, following the introduction of tanks such as the M4 Sherman and M26 Pershing, the NKPA began to slowly lose tanks before altogether abandoning use of armor after 1950.

The T-34 was also used in more conflicts such as the war in the Balkans, the Angolan Civil War, in the Vietnam War, and heck, it’s sometimes used today as well!

However, after World War 2, the T-34 was somewhat being phased out in favor of the other tanks such as the T-44 and T-54. The former was kept a secret however, and the latter was used in the Afghan-Soviet war.

The T-34 was a well made tank by the Soviet Union that was easily mass producible and very powerful. If you look hard enough, you even can find a T-34 on the market!

https://web.roblox.com/library/5485474798/Explosive-Device

Here’s the link of a Roblox tool I made

TweenService in Roblox

Ah, TweenService, a somewhat-hard to learn part of Roblox that supposedly does wonders.

TweenService is used to “interpolate” the properties of objects. The dictionary definition of interpolation is:

(verb) To insert something of different nature into something else.

Whatever that means, let’s get into TweenService!

Here’s an example of how it is used:

local TweenService = game:GetService("TweenService")

local Move = workspace.Move

local Target = workspace.Target

local Save = {}

Save.Position = Move.Position

local Goal = {}

Goal.Position = Target.Position

local Time = 10

local TweenInformation = TweenInfo.new(Time)

local tween = TweenService:Create(Move, TweenInformation, Goal)

tween:Play()

tween.Completed:Connect(function()

print("Completed")

local tween2 = TweenService:Create(Move, TweenInformation, Save)

print(Save.Position)

tween2:Play()

end)

The script above would move a part from one location to another.

Definitions:

TweenInfo: Basically sets important stuff like time it takes for the tween to finish, whether it uses easing or not, etc.

TweenService:Create(): Creates a new Tween that can be played. Requires 3 things: The part to tween, the TweenInfo and a dictionary (Goal).

Saving Data in Roblox: Not too hard!

Let’s say you want to save data in Roblox. Perhaps a player joined your game and you want to save their data. What ever the scenario is, you can save their data easily. It takes only some effort and time, and can easily be modified and edited!

First, you must create a ModuleScript. Place it in ServerStorage so that we can access it later. Write in the following code to it:

-----------

local DataSaveScripts = {}

local DataStore = game:GetService("DataStoreService"):GetDataStore("Data")

function DataSaveScripts.SaveData(key, value)

local success, err = pcall(function()

DataStore:SetAsync(key, value)

end)

if success then

print("Success in saving data with key "..key.." and value "..value)

else

error("Data not saved")

end

function DataSaveScripts.LoadData(key)

local value

local success, err = pcall(function()

value = DataStore:GetAsync(key)

end)

if success then

print("Success in retrieving key of data: "..key)

end

return DataSaveScripts

-----------

Now we can use this module to save data chunks! An example for this is:

-------------

local DataScript = require(game.ServerStorage.ModuleScript)

game.Players.PlayerRemoving:Connect(function(player)

DataScript.SaveData(player.UserId, player.leaderstats.Money)

end)

game.Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)

local leaderstats = Instance.new("Folder", player)

leaderstats.Name = "leaderstats"

local Money = Instance.new("IntValue", leaderstats)

Money.Name = "Money"

Money.Value = DataScript.LoadData(player.UserId)

end)-------------

The script above would create a new leaderstats + Money value, and whenever the player disconnects from the game, saves their data and loads it when they rejoin. Of course, it will not work in studio, as the data is not protected by a :BindToClose().

Now that we have a basic Module for saving data, we can pull off functions that normally require DataStores for usage!

For example:

A ban system

------------

local BanChecker = require(game.ServerStorage.ModuleScript)

game.Players.PlayerAdded:Connect(function(player)

local BanCheck = BanChecker.LoadData(player.UserId.." BanData")

local BanValue = Instance.new("IntValue", player)

BanValue.Name = "BanValue"

if not BanCheck == nil then

BanValue.Value = BanCheck

end

print(BanCheck)

if BanValue.Value == 1 then

player:Kick("Banned")

end

end)

game.Players.PlayerRemoving:Connect(function(player, banned)

local BanValue = player.BanValue

BanChecker.SaveData(player.UserId.." BanData", BanValue.Value)

end)

------------

A lone KV tank stands.

1 lone KV tank stands on a road at Raseinai, against the entirety of the 6th Panzer Division. 4 fifty millimeter guns train their sights on the tank and prepare to fire on it. However, none of these guns are able to penetrate the mighty KV tank that remains adamant on the road. It fires back, knocking out all four of the anti tank guns. Attempts are made by the 6th Panzer Division to move an 88 millimeter gun, which is the nightmare of most airmen and tankmen, however it is knocked out by the KV tank. The KV tank outrivals and outperforms the enemy tanks, consisting of mainly Panzer 35(t) with their pathetic 37mm guns, compared to the KV tank with it's bigger gun (Accounts vary, the tank may be a KV-1 with a 76mm gun or a KV-2 with a 152mm gun) that easily crushes the Panzer 35(t)'s smaller and weaker armor, especially with its HE rounds built to crush and destroy softer armor. The 35(t) crewmen can only watch in horror as one by one, each 35(t) begins to disappear. No matter what they do, the 3.7 cm guns cannot and will not penetrate the KV's armor. The 6th Panzer Division is able to mount an attack where one 88 millimeter hits the KV's front and lighter tanks attack the KV's back, in vain. Only 2 shots penetrate, however the shrapnel wounds the crew inside. German infantry then charge forward, but the machine gunner of the KV was not fully knocked out, and was able to repel the infantry. Finally, inevitably, the tank is severely damaged. An account from Generaloberst Erhard Raus says that the tank, which he describes as a KV-1, was hit many times by anti tank weapons, however only a few holes opened up. A pioneer unit is able to destroy the tank by pushing grenades through the holes made by the anti tank guns. The crew was unable to fire back and was killed by the grenades, and were buried with full military honors by the Germans, their personal documents lost, making us unable to recognize who they were. The lone KV was able to repel the 6th Panzer Division for 1 entire day, 200 enemy tanks to one. This shows how brave the Soviets were to defend their homeland, how hard someone will fight to the death, and the weakness of light tanks against heavy tanks.

I like programming with scratch

Block coding is a starter form of programming. Though it's pretty limited, it's good for starting programmers. One form of block coding is Scratch. It's not hard to use, I didn't find it hard to use, and there's no syntax errors, unlike in other "boring" programming languages: "error at line 403: expected string, got <eof>"

Well, there are no errors with Scratch, and the only form of errors is getting something strange. So instead of it printing out "error at line 207: pcall incorrectly used", it'll say:

pcall returned: "I wEaR sOcKs WhEn I sLeEp!! (ImJuStKiDdInG)"

However, there are basic limits with Scratch, like trying t0 make an online multiplayer FPS game and attempting to add to your bullets bullet fall like in real life, or trying to make an online multiplayer tycoon game.

You'll have no problem doing this with other coding languages.

Okay, let's get into making Scratch projects!

First up - a basic tower defense game! (I forgot to make the game stop when your health reaches 0)

https://youtu.be/_dkz8CyT5Pg

Next up - a PIN cracker.

https://youtu.be/GPaJVHeLsiw

Tor Browser: Anonymous?

With your normal browser, companies can track what you do and people can steal your IP addresses and find what you do. A kind of browser to fight this, called Tor, was released in 2002. It featured a way to mask the user’s identity, channelling traffic through a circuit called an Onion circuit. However, is it truly safe?

Tor is a network that attempts to conceal its users by encrypting packets, stripping part of their headers and bouncing them around an onion circuit. The only way to find out who sent it is through the unprotected exit nodes, which can be monitored by software.

Tor is most commonly used for illegal activities, such as trafficking and drug dealing, and also for torrents, which are websites for illegally downloading files.

However, BitTorrent (a torrenting website) and Tor do not work well together, and it’s possible for IP addresses to be extracted from extension protocol handshakes.

Also, Tor is vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks as well. Many people do not notice their encryption removed as they use Tor. We also have an error that still affects websites today. The Heartbleed OpenSSL bug exposed some security and Tor was required to renew many private keys, which are a component in cryptography.

Yak-1: Soviet Technology

After the I-16, many Russian companies seek to build monoplane fighters in the years before World War 2. Among these planes are the fabled Yak series, which will help lead the Soviet Union to victory!

Before the outbreak of World War 2 and Operation Barbarossa, Yakovlev was purely known for making sports aircraft. With their Yak-4 light bomber impressing the Russian government, it is decided that the Experimental Design Bureau will design a new fighter plane. Prototype I-26-1 had 2 7.62 ShKAS machine guns and one .50 caliber heavy machine gun. Prototype I-26-2 had 2 7.62mm ShKAS machine guns and one 20mm autocannon on the propeller engine. I-26-1 can go at speeds of around 620km/h and I-26-2 can go at speeds of around 650km/h.

I-26-1 had its oil overheat (a problem with planes back then) and had to make 15 emergency landings. One time, it crashed, because the pilot did 2 consecutive rolls he was not supposed to do. The landing gear went loose during the first roll and crashed into a wing during the second.

I-26-2 had its oil overheat and was forced to raise its weight for production reasons, and thus both I-26s failed government testing.

Fortunately, our story does not end here, because several other planes failed testing, and thus the hunt for a plane continued. The requested modifications were incorporated into the I-26-3. This time the plane passed, but still had some engine problems.

The I-26-3 was ordered into production in February 1940, with the name Yak-1. This was in spite of its maiden flight being just 1 month before. The reason for this was to get a head start against other competitors like the I-200 (MiG 3) and the I-301 (LaGG-3), the former being faster and the latter having more guns.

Many blueprints changes were implemented to the Yak-1, throughout the entire war. There were many resource shortages, slowing production throughout. Sometimes plywood was shaved from the wings of the aircraft (the Yak-1 was not an all-metal aircraft unlike the Curtiss P-40 and other of its competitors).

When it first saw combat in 1941, it proved to be better than its competitors. It could turn a full circle in 17 seconds in the Yak-1M, and unlike other planes like the LaGG-3, its wings did not rot or warp as much.

Early versions of the Yak-1 still had problems like the canopy not opening under certain conditions. Fuel tanks could leak from vibrations, and negative accelerative forces caused the M-105 engine to fail.

The Yak-1 was better off against Bf-109Es, however was inferior to the Bf-109F, mainly in climb rate. Most of the time the Yak-1 would be meeting the Bf-109F. However, at 3000m altitude, the two fighters were considered equal opponents.

The Yak-1 was considered ‘lightly armed’ by western standards but by the Soviet’s standards it was fine. The Soviets wanted accuracy with their guns, and too many machine guns would have opposite results.

The Yak-1 eventually led to the production of the Yak-3, and eventually the Yak-9.

I-16: Soviet Technology

It’s 1939, and the Japanese are attacking in Mongolia. Russians aid the Mongolians in their defense against Japan and the puppet state of Manchukuo (Manchuria). With new Russian vehicles like the BT-5 and 7, comes the roaring of a special development in Russian tech: the I-16.

The I-16 is the last of Nikolai Polikarpov’s designs. He conceptualized it while working on the I-15 biplane. The I-16 had advancements such as a retractable landing gear, had a small fuselage and was easy to build. The prototype was built in 1933, and later put into action in the Spanish Civil War. Nicknamed the Rat by the Nationalists and the Fly by the Republicans, nonetheless it takes down hundreds of enemy planes and dominates the sky until the introduction of Bf-109s.

In the Spanish Civil War, the first I-16s are found to have some deficiencies: The wings break easily, which is quickly fixed by adding structural support, some bullets could penetrate the cockpit back armor, and fuel tanks would easily catch fire.

Now, the Japanese are attacking in the famous Nomonhan Incident, also known as the battles of Khalkhin Gol. The Russians face the Nakajima Ki-27, which is not unlike their I-16. In 1939, 500 I-16s are deployed as the fighting gets severe. Russian pilots love the recent addition of ShVAK 20mm cannons, making the I-16 one of the most heavily armed fighters of the 1930s, however ShVAKs are in short supply, meaning that they had to make do with smaller calibers of cannon and machine gun.

The Russians were able to push the Japanese attack out of Mongolia, and a ceasefire was soon declared, not to be broken for 6 years. 109 I-16s are lost in the battles of Khalkhin Gol, and 96 Ki-27s are lost as well.

All good times come to an end, and for the I-16 it was the start of Operation Barbarossa and the assaults on the Eastern Front that would be its undoing. The I-16 was inferior to the German planes, and thus I-16 pilots had to ram enemy planes for kills. Many I-16s were lost in the first months of the Great Patriotic War, losing hundreds of planes in 48 hours of the first campaigns.

Finally, I-16s were replaced by more reliable fighters such as the Yak-1s and 3s. Its era was finished as a main Soviet fighter.

Roblox to Discord webhooking

A webhook is a kind of way to send a message or data between two platforms.

This can be useful if you want to:

Log the player with the most ingame currency

Manage errors

Modcall if there’s a hacker/problem ingame

Let’s get into making a webhook with Roblox!

Discord Side

Step 1. Go to your discord server and go to settings. Click “Integrations”.

Step 2. Click “Create webhook”

Step 3. Name it and choose a server for it. You can also choose a picture for it.

Step 4. Copy the webhook link.

Roblox Side

Step 1. Go into command bar and type

game:GetService("HttpService").HttpEnabled = true

Step 2. Go to a script and type

local http = game:GetService("HttpService")

local Data = {

["content"] = "Testing!"

}

Data = http:JSONEncode(Data)

http:PostAsync("", Data)

In between the quotes past your webhook link.

Now, run the code.

In your discord server it should say “Testing!”.

There are many things you can use this for, including modcalling (when you call a moderator to your Roblox server for reasons such as exploiters) or others.

If you spam too many messages by webhooking, your discord could get banned. So don’t spam it.

A trip to Grouse Mountain!

On 2020-10-03, my family went to Grouse Mountain. Here is what happened:

First, we took a gondola up the mountain. It shook a lot, and even still my dad was holding a camera outside the gondola window, and we thought the camera would fall out. Luckily it didn’t.

Here are some pictures of the gondola:

When we finally got off the shaking thing, we took a look around. We went to the adventure courses, but sadly you need a guide for them.

After that, we took a chair lift up. I thought my shoes would fall off because I had not tied them in days, luckily they didn’t. After, we took some photos at the top of the mountain, and also ate there. There were some paragliders, so we watched them jump and glide down to Cleveland Dam.

After that, we took the chair lift down. It was still really scary because I had only tied my shoes a little. However, my shoes didn’t fall off. Afterwards, we rested at a table, and then ate some more, and then my mom and I walked up the mountain and then took the chair lift again down the mountain. Afterwards, we took the gondola back down, and it shook a little more. However, we got off safely. After that, we went to Lonsdale Quay, and we ate some more, and then we went back home.

Photos:

Facts:

Every 90 days, Grouse Mountain is treated with a special coating called AEGIS Microbe Shield which stops %99.99 of germs!

You need to be 1 meter tall to ride the chairlift, and 9+ to do it without adult supervision.

Science Literacy Week

Day 1: Do bulls really hate the colour red?

That was the question asked on September 21, the first day of the Science Literacy Week.

The answer is actually- no! Bulls do not hate the colour red!

Bulls are actually colorblind to several colors including red. It’s actually the action of the cloth being waved and the way the bulls are treated that makes them charge.

Color blindness is caused when cone cells (the cells that perceive color in daylight) in your retina are damaged or malfunctioning, and you can no longer “normally” perceive color.

With the links below, try simulating color blindness. Put pictures of common everyday things, like an apple or a traffic light.

https://asada.website/webCVS/

https://www.color-blindness.com/coblis-color-blindness-simulator/

This shows the struggles for color blind people

What can you do about it:

Don’t use very colorful material! Color blind people can’t see it!

Day 2: Do zebra stripes help with camouflage?

In this session we decided to find out why zebras have stripes! We went through a video that said that many ecologists tried to find out why, and that the zebra stripes actually made the zebra stand out. Also, ecologists thought that it would help them recognize each other, but that was shot down. Finally, we found out that it actually repels insects like the horsefly. Some insects are attracted to white things on a horizontal planes, other times black things, and the zebra’s black and white pattern repels these insects instead of making them love the zebra.

Another fact? Zebras are white stripes over black!

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Cayden Carino-Pablo