COM 371: Civic Media

Sarah Hughes, 21 years, Communications Major

[civicmediasarah]

Empowering the People of the Internet: Jennifer Goldbeck's ideas on an educated user-base

Jennifer Goldbeck speaks out as a computer scientist some of the ways that users are being exploited by social media sites and shares a hopeful idea for an educated user-base in the future in her TED Talk "The Curly Fry Condundrum: Why social media 'likes' say more than you might think". In this talk, Goldbeck explains some of the quesitonalbtl ways that websites are using internet users data in order to promote themselves and make a profit.

She goes on to say that some of the ways that computer science is working to find out information about users is through their Facebook likes, which many users might not realize. This information is being used to target them and gather information that may not be consented by the individuals, such as sexual orientation, drug-use history or even, in a case that she brings up, childbearing or not. This information can be extremely sensitive and for companies to be digging around in people's personal lives, without their consent or even knowledge, then exploiting that information to give to outside companies who then target you as a consumer, seems to be extremely controversial.

This kind of occurrence can illuminate some of the many gray areas that the internet has created. Is there such thing as privacy online? Is this something that everyone should be educated on and made aware? Where do we draw the line?

Goldbeck pushes that we must push forward in our internet future to allow for these sorts of things to develop in the technological world. She explains that we need to make informed decisions about what we share online and in order to do that, computer scientists need to continue to support these ideas, which she happily shares is very commonly supported in this field.

I think what Goldbeck brings up is something everyone needs to consider with the internet. It is such an amazing and helpful tool that has been able to create ways for people to overcome enormous obstacles. However, we need to understand the openness of this tool. We need to understand how young the internet is and how much is yet to be tapped in this market. Another big issue that I am seeing online is new parents posting a continuous flow of their children online. What they do not understand is that these computers, these algorithms, are making sense of their child and creating a profile for them- whether it is public or not. Computers are understand who that child is and watching them grow up. This all falls in a large gray area, but privacy is everything, especially for your children. This child is not having any say in what is being posted about them and it seems scary to give that kind of power to a website that might not have their interest in mind, but perhaps the toy store that is marketing a new action figure that they could be interested in...

It seems perhaps paranoid, but its important to understand that the internet is in a very different place than it was 15 years ago and it will continue to evolve. This awareness will be vital in order to make smart decisions online. Shouldn't we become educated on how it works so that we can promote this habit of awareness in the future?

[civicmediasarah]

"Connected, but Alone?": Thoughts on Sherry Turkle's analysis of our social future

Sherry Turkle is one of the many people to raise awareness of technology's effects on people and their social habits. This is something that I have been aware of while not owning a smartphone a few years back (I do now own one and have experienced firsthand the magnetism of these devices and the strain they can cause on maintaining good social habits..)

In Turkle's TED Talk "Connected, but Alone?", she raises a question about what we are really getting out of this constant connection. Generally, these new technological advances have been positively accepted and embraced by culture. People across the world are now within reach- just a click of a button and instant connection can be made. But Turkle warns that these devices take us away from the here and now and keep us dangerously distracted from one another- to the point where people aren't remembering how to hold regular conversations anymore. Some haven't even been able to learn in the first place because they are growing up in such a technology-dependent culture.

After writing about this topic for 3500 words, it may seem tedious to continue to talk about it. However, I will always be concerned by the behavior of people who deem everything "too awkward"- even simple tasks like asking for directions from a stranger. If the youths of today are creating a culture that thinks that normal social interactions are "awkward", I think that we may be in for a rude awakening when social interaction is absolutely mandatory and inescapable- like work meetings, like conventions discussing world problems. Discussion is everything. It is what makes us human. We are able to create intricate and important ideas that can make the world better. What good is all of that if we cannot communicate it to one another without a device doing it for us? Now where is the humanity in that?

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Majora Carter isn't a woman to mess with

After watching Majora Carter's TEDTalk on new green initiatives in urban areas, I couldn't help but want to stand and clap after her speech. It is rare that you get to see someone so completely invested in what they are doing speak out to so many people with such a sincere voice. Even more rare is her ability to share the feeling of urgency and importance, to really allow listeners to understand the true importance behind this.

In her presentation, she illuminates some of the alarming effects that the past has had on the present. After learning about white flight and it's strong grip on our future, it is clear that change in the system itself is necessary. People often go without understanding these issues and it is people like Majora Carter that we need to illuminate the problem plain and simple- give the facts straight and propose an answer. Being such an insanely bright individual, it is clear that she has an understanding that she is willing to share with anyone interested and this is what we need in environmental leaders since many people do not understand the gravity of the situation that we have placed ourselves in regarding environmental issues.

Using her knowledge in the issue, the woman has proposed, and succeeded in the past, to make enormous strides for change in areas that need the nation's support to produce better environments for it's citizens. Well done, Majora. Keep your head up and never lose that spark that has pushed you so far!

[civicmediasarah]

Cognitive Surplus & Clay Shirky

In Clay Shirky's TED Talk on cognitive surplus is a great way to learn about how people are making the world better with their free time- whether it be through large-scale developments or smaller, more comedic approaches. He largely focuses on Ushihidi, an effort that has allowed important tools to aid initiatives such as crisis mapping and help them flourish in addition to not-so-important things, like LOLCats as he mentions, to do so as well. He emphasizes the important role that the internet and mobile phones play in our ability to vocalize ideas and create new things. 

I really feel that this kind of shift in culture will produce a very different future. More and more, consumer culture has been targeted for its lackadaisical attitude towards DOING. Our habits of consume, consume, consume are making us okay with arbitrary and keep us immobile. The internet has allowed us a voice again and motivated us to create and do the things that we want that may have otherwise been difficult or even impossible to accomplish. Kickstarter is one huge development in the interactive nature of the internet and acts as a reminder that we are naturally collaborative and intrinsically supportive of the things that we want to see happen. There are massive amounts of issues in the world and everyone is passionate about different ones. The internet has given us the power to be aware of new initiatives as well as partake in them. 

Where consumer culture has pushed consumption, our new, evolving culture is promoting more doing- Wikipedia is made possible through individuals who are passionate about making accurate information accessible for everyone, Kickstarter allows individuals to receive support from strangers, MapKibera allows parts of the world that have not been mapped to be accessible and viewable though the internet.

The future is bright when people realize that collaboration is easier than ever and changing the world faster.

[civicmediasarah]

Crippling Creativity: Thoughts of Lessig's TED Talk

In watching Lawrence Lessig's TED Talk on laws that are crippling our world's creativity, I can't help but insist on saying "toldja so!". Lessig covers a lot of what I brought up in one of my previous posts concerning copyright, perhaps explaining it more adequately, but hinting at the same things that I have noticed upon growing up in the "internet generation". Lessig articulates some of the laws that are limiting the creation of new and exciting things. Our remix culture has battled the idea of using copyrighted material by putting our own personal spins on it- stamping our fingerprint on something that had previous put forth a different thought or idea.

On recent paper for my Entertainment Law class, we had to determine a case where artist Richard Prince used the photography of Patrick Cariou in an art installment without permission. This stands as a landmark case in which the concept of using other art as raw materials was thoroughly discussed in the American justice system. Of course, this case differs as Prince had an impressive commercial gain from this situation, however it brought to light some of the changes in perspective that are occurring in our world today.

While researching the subject, I fell upon an New York Times article that mentioned one appropriation artist, or an artist who uses other art to create new work, and his opinion on the matter that I had to notice regarded the remix culture in a more modern way:

“For the generation that I spend my days with, there’s not even any ideological baggage that comes along with appropriation anymore,” said Stephen Frailey, an artist whose work has used appropriation and who runs the undergraduate photography program at the School of Visual Arts in Manhattan. “They feel that once an image goes into a shared digital space, it’s just there for them to change, to elaborate on, to add to, to improve, to do whatever they want with it. They don’t see this as a subversive act. They see the Internet as a collaborative community and everything on it as raw material.”

This perspective on the matter illuminates the limitations that would be placed in the art realm if an artist could not use other pieces of art to create. The world of art normally welcomes any form of creativity. In my opinion, artists should be encouraging any sort of recreation of their own work because it proves that the original work itself is doing its job: making others think, react, CREATE. 

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Here Comes Everybody: Chapter 11 > The Importance of Promise in Social Tools

In Chapter 11 of Clay Shirky's Here Comes Everybody, he discusses his recipe for a successful social tool. He mentions in the beginning of the chapter that there are three key components to a social tool which he lists as the promise, the tool and the bargain. He explains that the most important of these components is promise.

"The promise is the essential piece, the thing that convinces a potential user to become an actual user. Everyone already has enough to do, every day, and no matter what you think of those choices..., those choices are theirs to make. Any new claim on someone's time must obviously offer some value, but more important, it must offer some value higher than something else she already does, or she won't free up the time."

I feel that it is important to recognize the value in understanding this concept. It may seem a bit obvious when stated outright, but it could be something easily overlooked. It can be easy to become wrapped up in a vision and forget the importance of what this vision is really promising to potential users. I, personally, felt no real connection to Twitter because I viewed a tweet as a lesser version of a Facebook status. Of course, Twitter is a clear example of a successful social tool, however, in my eyes, I hadn't felt connected with what Twitter promised me, other than a character-limited version of a Facebook status. This promise was the key reason for my lack of interaction with the site.

Looking at this with a user's perspective, it is a bit bizarre to read how these components can play such a key role in whether I join something or not. Shirky mentions the role of making it easy to join, which I have noticed is becoming easier and easier with time. Being present for an earlier internet, I recall when signing up for Facebook or Myspace you needed to fill out pages of information in small blocks. Now, it's as easy as typing in an e-mail address and password and going from there. Even more relevant is the "Sign In through Facebook" button popping up on many of the current social media sites that are becoming available. When something as easy as clicking a single button can give you access to this new tool, it begs the question "Well, why not?" instead of the demanding and looming "Well, why should I?". This change in perspective gives the site an easier chance to prove itself.

[civicmediasarah]

Algorithms & Their Place In Our World Today

After watching Kevin Slavin's TED Talk on algorithms in our world today, I have to marvel at how much I truly don't know about the devices I use every day- the applications on my smartphone, the formatting behind my blog, the recommendations on my Netflix account (as he mentions in the video). It's bizarre to truly sit and think that these math equations are becoming so vital, so engrained in our culture today. So much so that people begin to forget they're there at all- it's just the way the world works now.

With Slavin directing our attention towards the phenomena that are algorithms, he highlights some of the strange aspects of this sort of third realm that we are creating with them. He explains that there was originally the idea that it's this relationship between nature and man, but now intercedes algorithms, standing somewhere in between. Created by man, but moving forward in it's own uncontrollable way, making it's own decisions- like last year's stock mishap where 9% of the market simply disappeared due to an algorithm's decisions.

I honestly feel that defining this relationship that we have to algorithms is an important part with how we interact with them in the future. Many people do not realize the extent of how much they actually rely on this math, each and every day. By understanding them and their prominent place in our world today, we can always be aware of our dependence on them as well as concoct new ways to utilize them in the future.

[civicmediasarah]

Copyright & how it's affecting creative minds

Copyright is an idea that seems completely undebatable. I created this so you cannot claim it as your own. Seems completely fair when stated flat-out. We are constantly siding with the folks who put stuff out there and have it copied, leaving them feeling jaded.

However, when do we address problems, especially in regards to music, that have lines that are easily blurred? Music is a very messy subject. There are only a certain number of chord progressions that sound pleasing. There are only so many notes to choose from. It is only a matter of time when someone will create something that sounds extremely similar to another person's work, even by accident.

In my opinion, artists who are truly creating works for the sake of art shouldn't really mind if people are building off of their work. Of course, this doesn't mean slapping their name on it and calling it theirs, but when people are putting this art into the world, isn't it to build a response? To get a reaction? And some people react with creating art. Look at GirlTalk, a mash-up artist who is known for blending pop songs together- pop songs that are well-established and understood to belong to a specific artist. Its unnecessary for these big-name artists to claim foul play when someone is creating art out of their art, which in the end is a very different product from the original. 

Just some thoughts on a messy topic.

[civicmediasarah]

Thoughts on Google & MetaFilter

In the article MetaFilter layoffs, we read about some of the problems that are coming up in the Google realm that we are constantly visiting. It brings to light some of the unacknowledged problems with the site, which became evident for MetaFilter, a discussion forum site known for it's honest and troll-less comment sections. The website experienced a 40% drop in site visits without any real explanation. Sites that were less helpful, sometimes not even relevant to the query and generally more frequented by trolls and spammers, made their way to the first and second links presented by Google where MetaFilter would end up on the 7th search page. Bing, however, did not have this problem among the rankings. The main question this article poses is why is this happening and how is it affecting the way users visit sites?

This is something that I have noticed is becoming more and more of a problem. Sometimes I will search something and the first ranking options just aren't what I want but are popular, so they make it up there anyways. The is especially relevant on Youtube when searching for something specific. Additionally, in pretty much every comment section, we have spamming and trolling, which take up large chunks of the comment section as well as website visitor's time and energy. It seems that the sites that are doing it right aren't getting the recognition for it because Google isn't favoring that as much as it is paying customers.

Of course, I understand the allure of it- everything has its price. However, it seems that there should be some sort of limitation to this, as Google is losing it's credibilities for providing the most relevant sources. Perhaps Bing is quietly climbing the search engine totem pole. Only time will tell.

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Crowdsourcing: the future of information

                               I love the concept of crowdsourcing. I think it will one day rule the world. At least, I hope so. It seems to me that we look to big-name corporations to do things for us- things that, on our own, would be huge tasks that would be entirely too much to take on by yourself. However, what people are realizing is that if we each took a small role in this big project, a lot can be accomplished.

Since many people do not really think about the process behind products, these companies that make them can benefit hugely from this ignorance. Take Google Maps for instance. People will use this application without realizing that companies need to pay royalties to be featured in the convenient service. Smaller companies that cannot afford these royalties will not be featured. People will not become aware of this until they have to go and find this one specific place that is simply not featured in the map- and will not usually understand why. This amount of control that this company holds can also be dangerous, as Google sells their information to advertising companies. In response, people have created new, free applications where everyone can submit information on maps without requesting royalties. This originally huge, as well as expensive, project becomes free and wary when everyone takes part.

Examples of current crowdsourcing initiatives:

MapKibera: a world mapping application that allows accurate mapping across the world that is submitted by citizens from each location

Wikipedia: perhaps an obvious one, but we all have access to an accurate free encyclopedia

Firefox: an internet server that is made and managed through the public and their responses

Craigslist: people are able to advertise their items for free and can come together to share and sell.

[civicmediasarah]

Socialization- where are we headed?

The subject that we discussed in class today has been something i have been very interested in for some time now. Before receiving a smartphone, of which I was the last of my family and friends, I wrote an entire literary essay for a creative writing classes on how I hated the way that technology was beginning to diminish our socializing capabilities. 

After some discussion in class today, I totally understand the other side of things- that this is just a new way of socializing and it gives us opportunities to share things that otherwise would have gone missed by friends and family. But isn't this new way of socializing extremely influential on our future- especially those who are abusing the technology that is so "practical"? Of course, I won't argue that there are technologies that are working in the same way decades ago, but there is no denying that this is of a completely different caliber. 

These devices are extremely practical, there is no denying that. After recently losing my smartphone, I was forced to cope with life without it, life that I had grown accustomed to where I depended on it. I had to look up directions prior to going somewhere and make plans to meet people somewhere at a specific time- if it was not exact enough, well we might not meet at all. There was an immense pressure to keep up and I am very thankful for having one again now. 

However, when I was lost on my way to my internship without my smartphone, I had to stop and ask others for directions and since I also didn't have a watch, I also had to ask for the time. These were small interactions that actually made my day- it reminded me of the humanness we all share. It reminded me that even though I might not know where I was going, someone was there to help me- even a complete stranger. And the more we use these devices, the less we depend on one another. More than that, the less we even consider it an option- the "weirder" it becomes to approach someone, or as people of our generation call it "sooo awkward!!". 

This became completely relevant today in class when someone stated that she would be entirely too embarrassed to approach someone for directions and thought it was weird to do that. She explained that if a random person just came up to them asking for directions, she would respond "Uh, sorry..." and walk away. Is this the direction we as humans are heading? Where we cannot ask another for help when we are in need? Even something simple like to ask the time? If this is deemed weird, how are we to get to know new people outside of our friend circle or work buddies? I met some amazing people by chance and it was all out of striking up a conversation at random. Why not embrace that instead of reacting negatively? Why must it be "weird" or "awkward"? I feel that this dependence on technology is allowing these ideas to become regular- building our social habits off of these devices has made it weird because it is irregular to have to deal with other people. 

If I were the person being approached, I wouldn't have thought twice about it and given what input I could to help direct that person on their way. It seems bizarre to me and to an extent, when we begin building walls around ourselves (and our smartphones), we become so much more likely to dehumanize others: look at them from a distance and bear no connection with them. When in reality, we are all very similar if we just gave ourselves the chance to see it.

[civicmediasarah]

More Fun = Better World ?

So as I began researching background information for my upcoming research project- on which I hope to focus on technology's effect on social habits, I found some really amazing innovations of technology that seem to point towards the idea that fun can make life better.

Sure- that sounds entirely too obvious. However, why haven't we tried to incorporate fun into our everyday lives more? Why shouldn't we make mundane things more fun- if its so obvious then why haven't we thought to do so?

In my previous post, I mentioned that rebel groups have turned to humor in order to get their points across, many of them successfully as well. This is just another example of how we can relate to one another 

There is a project headed by Volkswagen that aims to make life more fun in small ways. There was the popular video that made a staircase into a piano, but Volkswagen has also produced amazing other things including an arcade game bottle recycling bin and a "never ending trash bin", encouraging people to recycle and discard of trash through fun installments.

Another group, Daily Tous Les Jours, created the idea of having a bus stop with musical swings. They have also collaborated on many other ideas that can get people interacting. Another one of these ideas was their "Conversation Wall", which allowed a public forum for people to share what they would like to engage in with their community. Creating something as simple as a wall as a platform gave these people a opportunity to reach out and talk about important things that might not have been brought up otherwise.

These ideas fascinate me. It seems that our society is being given an amazing chance to interact in new ways. The fact that some technology diminishes our drive to communicate with one another in person means that there must be some counter and I think that these ideas are just the ticket.

[civicmediasarah]

Funny Disobedience

One thing that I find extremely interesting about some of the cases of civil disobedience was how effective humor seemed to be in each one. It seems worth noting that these "radical activists" are utilizing social behavior as a sort of tool to not only gain media attention and coverage, but also people's personal attention. The fact they make themselves able to be laughed with helps others want to understand their stance and really hear what they have to say.

In researching my topic, the Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army, many of the authority figures were even photographed laughing with these so-called nuisances. The power of humor really plays a huge role in these circumstances because they have their audience step back and look at things with a wider lens. 

Now, what does this say about our society? Is it really that relieving to have someone act out of the norm- even if it is for a political stance? Are people quick to stand on the side of the silly because social pressures can really become heavy to carry alone?

I think that this sort of thing could be the case. We are constantly in our own minds and wrapped up in our own worlds that we forget that we are constantly surrounded by people that are going through the exact same thing. Ok, maybe not the exact same thing, but the same kinds of social pressures and experiences that we feel so compelled to keep to ourselves. When we see others handling it in a, shall we say, less quiet way, we may want to stand up there with them or at least ask ourselves (or them!) why they are doing these things.

Why is this funny? Why are they acting this way? What are they trying to do by breaking these social norms? What are the pointing out?

If humor has become a tool to illuminate our society's problems, then keep those jokes rollin' & keep that punchline powerful.

[civicmediasarah]

Civil Disobedience: Moral Obligation or Crime?

In class, we discussed the idea of civil disobedience and some of the world's leaders' speculations on its meaning and importance. We discussed that Thoreau states that we are sometimes obliged to defy the government in some circumstances. Gandhi states that it was not only an obligation, but our duty as citizens to disobey an unjust leader because there is a difference between civil disobedience and lawlessness. Other leaders such as Rawles and Peter Singer have made a distinction behind acceptable and unacceptable civil disobedience stating that it must be non-violent in order to not warrant a retaliation or those needs be ignored altogether. This obviously opens up the question of what is violent and non-violent? How far can "violent" be stretched?

I find all of these ideals true and extremely important in our world today. People oftentimes put those who disobey rules in one category- the bad guys. This is extremely relevant in regards to the legalization of marijuana. Now, of course I'm not saying this circumstance is an unjust equivalent to those experienced by Gandhi. However, I do find it important that we quickly assume individuals arrested for pot confiscation as bad kids, burnouts, and people who are generally nuisances to society. However, this is not the case. Many of these kids are intelligent and hold good grades but now have a criminal offense for doing something harmless that was caught. This is an example of how people will allow policy to override their own decision-making processes.

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Lessig's 4 Modalities of Regulation- They're Everywhere!

So as we learn about Lessig's 4 Modalities of Regulation, I am beginning to see them everywhere I look.  Of course, I already mentioned some of the events that took place at the open mic this past Monday and some of the social cues that were apparent.

The one that struck me the most (and I mentioned in class) was one of the performers, a comedian, and his lack of understanding of social cues. Over 50% of his jokes received no reaction at all and ones that did were quiet chuckles. On top of that, the kid forgot all of his jokes and instead of stepping down and handing over the mic to the next impatient performer, he stood up there and stalled in front of the audience until he could remember a few of them. By stalling, I mean looking into the crowd, laughing awkwardly and telling one of the audience members he looked like Chris Pratt. It was clear that he should have left the stage long before any of this; everyone in the crowd looked at each other as if to say "why is he still up there?". It was as if everyone else in the room understood this concept that seemed so blatantly obvious but he did not. This was just a prime example of how these subtle rules can dictate so much in our society and how people can disobey them completely obliviously.

Obviously, the law aspect of Lessig's modalities is pertinent in our government-controlled country. Breaking a law receives a consequence as a means of control.

I find this all especially interesting because so many people abide these rules without ever being aware of it: some even their entire lives without understanding it. It is a bit bizarre to step back and observe some of these behaviors that seem so second nature to us. These observations are even more interesting, and apparent, when in a foreign country. Not understanding small social cues can really make one an outsider in a society.

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Public/Private Spaces

"Personal Space" by Allan Rostron

Private and public spaces have always been a bit of a vague idea for me. Of course, it occurred to me that private spaces are privately owned and public spaces are not. However, it is interesting to take into consideration the different kinds of social cues that exist for public spaces that are different than those in private spaces.

In public spaces, we see social cues being adhered to and broken all the time. Instances of people following the social cues include when people wait in line at the DMV, pay for things at stores, sit at a comfortable distance at bus stops, etc. There are also instances of breaking these social cues. I've experienced plenty of these occurrences in the city with crack addicts who are dazed and running up to random people to ask them questions that don't make sense. One man approached me and my friend as we were waiting outside of the train station. He walked directly up to me with his arm outstretched towards me. Not knowing what this man was doing, I quickly back away and said "Don't touch me". The man was supposedly making a joke about my necklace but continued to talk to us and offer us drugs. This was an example of how social cues can be very important in public spaces.

There are even, though smaller, social cues for private spaces. One example of this is when neighbors that live in parallel apartment buildings or high-rises and get different glimpses of each other's lives. If one person were to sneak a peek into another person's room and they were watching a movie and eating popcorn, then that would be a normal experience. However, if you looked in and saw that person stark naked and finger-painting on the floor, then maybe that would be a bit alarming. Why is it alarming? Because you have just invaded this person's private sphere, even if it was completely by accident. you experience an uneasiness in knowing something about this person without them giving you permission.

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Is Internet Access A Human Right?

To some, the question of internet as a human right might sound absurd. It could seem that the internet is a silly privilege that should not be put first on the list of things to accomplish. I can partially identify with this argument, as it was my initial reaction to the idea of having the internet be considered a human right. If this were acknowledged, not only would we have to fund access to electricity, already an issue in developing countries, but also provide access to an large quantity of expensive machines that many consider a luxury item in itself.

However, the way our world continues to evolve, we seem to not realize that we are continuing to leave other nations in the dust- ones that do not have access to the same information. Internet access provides opportunities for people that others might not have- online job applications are one example where someone without internet access is left to catch up, but with deeper issues too. We are constantly trying to raise money for issues across the country, which is a great effort in itself. However, who says that these countries cannot solve these types of issues on their own? Giving these areas access to countless amounts of information, like how to clean water properly or how electricity works, could provide these countries with an invaluable tool that would give them the opportunity to find answers to their own issues.

People believe a right to an education is inherent in these human rights, but internet access could make this right a lot more realistic since it is such an amazing tool for knowledge. Kosta Grammatis makes this comprehensible in the his video below demonstrating how this could ultimately be made possible and what it can do for the world of tomorrow.

http://ti.me/1kgC4yA