DFAM MEDIA

Changes In Media Industries: Film, TV, News and Internet (YOUTUBE).

[dfammedia-blog]

Internet Connectivity and the Impact on News

The Atlantic makes a great claim to the way internet is changing news, saying, in response to the idea that social media is paving the way for the "homepage of news", "A year ago, social networks are the new homepage seemed like an (almost) original observation. Today, it's just a boring fact." [4]

The changes that the internet have on news rapidly changes with new media always introduced using the internet as the main source of visibility, but the consistence is there, with a decline in other industries and an increase in internet use. Internet connectivity has become such a huge part of our daily lives, that there are many different claims to how it should be regulated and where it belongs.

The amount of speculation over what the internet will do to the news industry has died down quite a bit in the past decade, with most of the last wave of opinions dated from 2011. The news industry has done quite a wonderful job at remodeling the methods of journalism and reporting to stay in touch with the rapidly evolving tech world. With over 60% of people getting their news online, and over 90% of adults online who receive news through the internet, we almost see a dominance and well planned presence on the internet.[1] Let's also keep in mind that those numbers were from 2010, and can only be higher now with increased connectivity and need for internet connection. That same source also shows that, among the internet news people, about 40% find a variety of topics to read about.

The internet also opens up the possibility of "customizing" the news that the individual takes in. When one was to buy newspapers, there would be no choice in what gets included in there. Now, in the age of Google and webpages, there is no limit to the amount of news to take in, as well as the type of news available.[2]

The amount of people using the internet also continues to rise with the age demographic. From a 2011 source, people ages 18-29 use the internet for their news over the television, with a 13 point difference between the two. [3] It's also imperative to note that those without the ability to access the internet whenever they want often are forced to use other methods such as television, radio, and newspaper. However, the general trend does show an increase in internet usage for news gathering, and a decrease in the other three categories of television, radio, and newspapers. [3]

News has always had aspects of local, community feeling unity to them, but with the introduction of the global community, what might happen to the unity that communities face? Will engagement from civilians increase, improve, or enlighten them? Or does it have no effect on the person? There is (as far as I can tell) only one such study done, with pretty rocky results that need further investigation, but one thing is for sure, social media is a big part in how internet has connected people and spread news to others. 

Michelle Chavez

[dfammedia-blog]

Access of Film through New Media

The access of film has been changed throughout time. Before social media the only place you could watch a film is in theaters, through the purchase of DVDs, or on a TV special. In a way these ways worked great for everyone because people were still able to get what they wanted to watch. Watching film through these mediums gave customers a longer time period where they had to wait in order to finally see them. If someone did not have the time to see the film in theaters they would have to wait months before they were able to purchase it on DVD and even longer to see it on television. This gave most people anxiety when they had to wait to find out how the film actually was.

  Eventually came Netflix coming around 1997 but not may people knew about it at this time. Netflix didn’t allow subscribers to start streaming videos until about 2007. When Netflix allowed online streaming revenue in DVD purchases plummeted and other DVD rental stores such as Blockbuster were no longer visited as frequently. Another form of new media that allows movie streaming is Hulu which came around in 2007 after they saw that Netflix was going so well. Both of these streaming sites that people can purchase for a price once a month Netflix starting at $8.99 a month and Hulu starting at $7.99 a month. There are 53 million subscribers on Netflix, and 6 million subscribers on Hulu. 

   During the purchase of however many months that you hold on to that site, you can watch films and TV shows.  Many people like the fact that they can access their shows and movies at any time that they want. They have recent material on their sites but may not have something posted the day after it premieres. This still gives customers the right to view material before it comes out on DVD or TV.  Another way to access film is through On Demand. On Demand is available on TV Services such as FIOS and XFINITY. Also apps like FIOS TV and Xfinity on the go you are available to access movies and TV shows on any device.  I know when I see a trailer for a movie and I don’t know whether or not I want to watch it I will wait even longer for it to come out and its a lot cheaper.  There are 53 million subscribers on Netflix, and 6 million subscribers on Hulu. The numbers are only going to continue to rise, and the numbers in the box office will begin to drop over time.  The access of film is everywhere thought out the Internet, and it will continue to branch out as social media consumers continue to consume wherever and whenever. 

Resources:

http://expandedramblings.com/index.php/netflix_statistics-facts/

http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/netflix-inc-history/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulu

[dfammedia-blog]

Film and the effects of Social Media

 When a new film is made it has to be advertised like every other new product in the world. If advertising were to never exist we would never know anything about new things such as movies, TV shows, those awesome Jordan’s you have on, or that wendy’s sandwich!—“Hey where did you get that?!” Throughout the years film relied heavily on TV, radio and coming soon trainers in the theaters to advertise their new productions. The way in witch a film is promoted can effect whether or not you and some friends are going to go see that new chick flic about the guy who takes his shirt off and winks every 5 seconds— “But mom he’s so dreamy!” Since films are really expensive to make its extremely important that people go to the movies and watch them because most of films money comes straight from the Box office. Who am I kidding? All of the money goes back to the filmmakers.

 What and who is social media? Social media is “websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking”. Sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, Pintrest and many more are all examples of Social networks. Who is social media?  The answer is you—Scary stuff right? The way social media has an effect on film promotion is that it can spread fast whether it is a bad or good thing about the latest movie that will soon reach a theater near you. Social media is viral, and “as of January 2014, 74% of online adults use social networking sights.” Lets just take a look at the word networking. Networking means to “interact with other people to exchange information” And an exchange there is. There is no longer a hit or miss when you go into the movies. Now you can look up reviews or even look up what’s trending about the movie you want to go see, or simply ask someone on twitter if the movie was worth spending 10$ on--#reply tweet. According to the article Social media plays a big role in movies “A whopping 72 percent of social media users write online comments about films they see, according­ to one poll.”  So if someone wants to know whether or not the film they want to see was good you can always find a source who will really give you a piece of their mind.

 In conclusion, social media plays a very important roll in the effects of film. It can either hurt it, or it can intensify the anticipation of the moviegoers! Hopefully social media only continues to only hype up movies, but it can always turn around and do the opposite.—expect the unexpected. 

Resources:

http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheets/social-networking-fact-sheet/

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/networking

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media

http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2013/03/12/movies-depend-social-media-support-for-staying-power-box-office/mDRqLV2AaS1xqmLdFV1N5O/story.html

[dfammedia-blog]

History Of Film!- Desiree

What is film? When we Google the very first thin that comes up is the definition. Film is a noun First it’s classified as “A thin flexible strip of plastic or other material coated with light-sensitive emulsion for exposure in a camera, used to produce photographs or motion pictures” Secondly it’s “A motion picture.” (Google)

The thing is most people wouldn’t even know the first definition that I have provided because film has changed so much from what it used to be that thin flexible strip with the pictures of the video you rolled. Putting together pictures in a sequence and going through them rapidly helped with the illusion of movement. The very first device for viewing film was called the The Kinetoscope. This is an “early motion picture exhibition device. The Kinetoscope was designed for films to be viewed by one individual at a time through a peephole viewer window at the top of the device” What you viewed in this could be little pieces of art that you would change with the click of a button (Kinetoscope)

 Without Photography in 1826 cinema or video wouldn’t have even been possible. Around the 1870s scientist discovered that in order to see the pictures they required lengthy exposures, but these exposures were only seen on glass plates. This all sounds fantastic! But then the scientist ran into some problems because glass plates couldn’t be put into the cameras or show them though a projector. In 1882 a guy named Etienne-Jules Marey, continued to fool around with the glass disks and invented a camera that could record 12 separate images. Later on around 1888, Marey built the first camera to use a strip of flexible film but instead of glass Marey used paper. In 1889 George Eastman introduced another film base but instead of paper it was celluloid. With celluloid the light through the projector could display an image and take the film through a cycle--Success! (Bordwell)

 As time progressed the way of shooting and viewing film did as well. Silent films where shot more frequently(Motion pictures with no sound). Film was used everywhere for capturing video and then sound was added which made the kinds of film we are used to seeing today--Rejoice for sound! As film became higher in demand after the First World War since it was a way let people escape about their worries. The only way we used to be able to view film was through the theaters at first but then if the film didn’t do well in theaters it would be on TV Specials, and eventually VHS or DVD distribution. There was no longer the use of film strip as technology advanced, cameras advanced, and film went digital. The way of making a film no longer takes a certain production crew, anyone can make a film or movie with the technology we have. It’s the 21st century crying out loud!

  References: 

Bordwell, David, and Kristin Thompson. Film Art: An Introduction. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print.

"Google." Google. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.

"Kinetoscope." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Nov. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2014.

Pictures came from Google as well!

[dfammedia-blog]

History, Access and Social Media Effects of YouTube

YouTube

            The rise in technology gave birth to the internet that revamped the world and made drastic changes in the practices and media access of people today. The internet gave people the access to a new dimension with a world in itself that has limitless possibilities. Internet changed the way people view media by offering greater reach, accessibility, reliability, and ease. The rise of technology considerably changed the viewership that is widely adapted by people these days.

         The traditional form of view media was through television sets that either received transmissions through cable networks or other forms of input such as VCRs, DVD players, VCD players, and Blu-ray Disks. In addition, people could view the recordings from a video recorder by plugging into the television sets. The people needed to purchase the data content in order to view it either by paying fixed costs for cable networks or by purchasing media content that is delivered through various forms of media players.

         People had little choice and control over the media shown on television networks with an option to view it one time that reduced the reliability and

  flexibility for the people. Kids that wanted to watch cartoons or adults that wanted to watch a TV-serial would need to align their timings in order to access the media. However, with changes in technology and the rise of Internet, things changed drastically.

         The rise of Internet gave people the access to online libraries and media content that offers them flexibility as well as access to free media content. Such as example is the YouTube. The social media network offers people with an option to access millions of videos online without the need to pay for it. The only cost a person needs to incur is the data carrier charges that are nominal most of the time. YouTube can be seen as a revolution in the media delivery service. The online streaming website offers the viewers with tons of video clips as well as a variety of other media content such as music videos, movies, TV-serials, documentaries, news footages, etc.

         Moreover, the website offers the people with access to thousands of learning sources that ranges over a broad spectrum, teaching people the culinary arts, drawing, language building, and tons of other stuff that is useful for the day-to-day tasks. The invention of YouTube offered the people a chance to access media content as and when they desire that offers them reliability, flexibility, and means the people can manage their time in a highly effective fashion.

           The Internet and social media considerably changed the way people view the media. People no longer depend on Televisions to view media such as cartoons or movies or TV-serials as it is all available on YouTube in different qualities that offer the viewers reliability as they can even view the content on slower networks.

         Additionally, the increase in technology and the advancements in mobile technology offer people the option to view YouTube on mobile platforms. People are able to access YouTube’s database directly using their mobile phones to view the videos. Moreover, YouTube enables the people to upload self-made videos and share with the public without any extra costs.

[dfammedia-blog]

Access to Television: Fae

The development of new media has caused our access to television to increase significantly and in multiple ways.  The amount of television that we view now compared to what we viewed when television first came out has increased exponentially.  The amount of televisions that we see in people’s homes has also increased throughout the years.  Also through the invention of the internet came the development of streaming services. 

According to TV Basics (2012) the average American household today watches about eight hours of television a day.  This is equivalent to 56 hours of television viewing per week or four months of non-stop viewing a year.  With this statistic, if a person lived to be just 65 years old they would have watched 18 years of television!  This compared to the approximately four and a half hours of television that was being watched in 1950 is a huge difference.

In the graphs you can see how much the amount of televisions in the home has increased over the years.  In 1950 it started out as 9% of homes have a television, and in 2012 97.1% of household have a television.  Then when we look at the multiple television sets we see another jump.  In 1950 only 1% of houses had multiple televisions, and in 2012 58.5% of households have multiple televisions.

The reason that the amount of view time increased is because the amount of televisions in the home increased.  The amount of sets in homes increased because the technology became more easily available and therefore became cheaper.  This is all due to new media that has come out which makes it easier to put digital pictures on the screen.

Another development in new media that has increased our access to television is the internet and streaming services that are offered through the internet.  Some of the top streaming services that a person can subscribe to are Netflix, Hulu Plus, Amazon Prime, AppleTV, Google Chromecast, and Roku.  These are only seven of the many streaming services that are out there for people to use.  These streaming services allow viewers to watch their favorite shows whenever they want to.  It also is usually free of advertisements, so no commercials!  According to Dossier (2014) over 33 million Americans subscribe to some sort of streaming service.  This number keeps growing and will continue to grow as these services keep adding more shows. 

Our access to television has increased because we have more televisions in our homes due to the ubiquity of the technology needed to broadcast.  Also our access increased even further with the development of streaming services through the internet.

Note: Graphs were found at TV Basics (2012).

References

Dossier, S. (2014). Statistics and facts about Netflix. Retrieved from www.statista.com/topics/842/netflix/.

TV Basics (2012). TV Basics: A report on the growth and scope of television. Retrieved from www.tvb.org/media/file/TV_Basics.pdf.

[dfammedia-blog]

Social Media & Television: Fae

Social media has served television very well in recent years.  Every broadcasting network has different social media plans that they use to increase their viewership and to maintain their current fan groups.  There are multiple strategies that are in these social media plans.  Some strategies that Brown (2012) mentioned on Brainzooming.com are:

Use hashtags during the show

Promote the brand through social media

Do contests over social media

Feature viewer’s content on social media

Have live-tweet sessions with actors or actresses during the show

Use multiple social media channels

Throughout this blog my examples will be about ABC Family’s show Pretty Little Liars.  I think that this show does a lot of work with their social media team to make sure that they are doing everything that they can to keep their fans engaged in the show.

Pretty much every time that you turn on your television, no matter what channel is on; there is a hashtag of some sort in the corner of the screen.  Pretty Little Liars does this the entire time that they are on-air.  During the whole hour episode “#prettylittleliars” is in the top corner of the screen.  When something big happens or there is a funny moment a special hashtag appears and replaces the regular “#prettylittleliars”.  Some examples of these are “#AlisonIsAlive”, “#MonaKnows”, and “#RIPMona”.  Featuring hashtags during the show reinforces that viewers should be live-tweeting/posting while they are watching the show. 

ABC Family does a great job of promoting all of their shows through social media.  In between seasons of Pretty Little Liars they posted a countdown picture every day for the season premiere.  As a fan of this show at first I thought, “Really? They are starting to countdown; the season finale was last night.”  Then as the premiere got closer I found myself getting more and more excited.  Even though I was annoyed when it was 60 days out it still kept me thinking about the show. 

Pretty Little Liars also does some contests via social media to win free show merchandise and even trips to the set for the show.  Some of the contests over the years were singing or remixing the show’s theme song, creating a 12-page Pretty Little Liars calendar, and an “A is everywhere” photo contest.  These contests create more fan loyalty, especially if they win!  Not only that, if you are a fan and participating in these contests it just makes you more excited about the show each week.

Another way to create fan loyalty is by featuring your fans content on your social media pages.  Pretty Little Liars does this by re-tweeting their fans’ tweets during the show, posting fan art on Instagram, or reposting fans pictures of them dressed up as the characters or doing something related to the show.  This shows fans that the show really values their viewers, and it also encourages you to post content in hopes that you will get re-tweeted.

Having live-tweet sessions with characters from the show while the show is on gives fans an opportunity to actually talk to some of their favorite characters.  They can ask the actors or actresses questions about the show or even about their personal likes and dislikes.  Pretty Little Liars does this every week, rotating cast members.  I have seen questions like: “Who makes you laugh on set?” or “Do you like sweet or salty?”  Regardless of the question it makes fans feel like they are getting to know that actor or actress. 

The final and most important social media strategy is to use multiple social media channels.  I follow Pretty Little Liars on Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook, so every day I am bombarded with messages from Pretty Little Liars.  From the show’s standpoint this is a good thing because they are keeping their fans up to date on what is going on and keeping the excited about the show.

While every show and network uses a different social media plan most of the shows who are on the cutting-edge of social media use these six strategies: use hashtags during the show, promote the brand through social media, do contests over social media, feature viewer’s content on social media, have live-tweet sessions with actors or actresses during the show, an use multiple social media channels.

References

Brown, M. (2012). Social media: 19 content strategy ideas from a TV network. Retrieved from http://brainzooming.com/social-media-19-content-strategy-ideas-from-a-tv-network/14247/

[dfammedia-blog]

The History of Television: Fae

When we think about televisions now, we think of flat screens that are mounted to our walls with a crystal clear picture.  How did the television develop though?  What was its original purpose?  These are questions that need to be answered so that we can fully understand how our televisions that we have in our homes came to be.

The technology that made television possible is the cathode ray tube (CRT), and this technology is still used in televisions today.  The CRT is a glass vacuum tube that has an electron beam striking through its phosphorescent surface, which produces an image (Dewdney & Ride, 2014).  Although this technology is commonplace today, it took a very long time to develop.

Karl Ferdinand Braun developed the first cathode ray tube scanning device in 1897.  In the next fifty years other scientists, inventors, and technicians worked on various technical devices, however, none of them knew that their devices would one day become an important part of making broadcast television possible.  Zworkin introduced the electronic television camera in 1923.  Baird and Jenkins worked on systems using mechanical scanners.  Farnsworth invented the image dissector.  Allen Du Mont patented the high-speed manufacturing and testing equipment that made it possible for an increase in receiving tube production.  Finally, in 1932 De Mont created a cathode ray tube, calling it his ‘magic eye’ (Dewdney & Ride, 2014). 

When the first experiments were happening with transmitting and receiving images it was understood by everyone that this would not to be used for entertainment purposes or national broadcast.  Rather it was to be used as a communication system for industrial, governmental, and/or military purposes (Dewdney & Ride, 2014).  When I think about what television was meant to be used for I think of The Hunger Games.  In The Hunger Games they all have large projector screens in their houses and in the town square, but the only time they turn on is when their government has a message that they want to send.  With that being said, it is surprising that presently television serves the exact opposite purpose of what it was supposed to. 

After the Second World War the United States felt that there needed to be a social and economic change that centered on consumerism and the home/family life (Dewdney & Ride, 2014).  Therefore, television was the perfect medium to start to have an effect on this change.  Why was it the perfect way to start the change that the government wanted?  It was perfect because televisions are watched privately within a person’s home, and with their family.

The first national television transmission was in 1951, and it was produced by the BBC.  The earliest television broadcasting was mainly live on location.  This made it hard for material to be on television 24 hours a day, seven days a week.  Once the developments of video tape recorders (VTR) came about it made it easier to record live images and convert those images into electrical impulses saved onto magnetic tapes (Dewdney & Ride, 2014). 

Television developed through the works of multiple scientists’ works.  It is hard to say that there was one person who developed television, because there were so many people that contributed to different aspects of the television that we know today.  Television was not originally supposed to be used as an entertainment medium.  Television was supposed to be only used for government or military purposes.  However, once the Second World War ended the government saw a need for social and economic change.  The way that they got this change was from selling televisions as a common household item, which was needed to create a sense of family.  The first programs that were broadcasted on televisions were live because of the lack of technology that was available.  However, once video tape recorders were developed it made it possible to record images and transmit them later to television, which is how we got the television broadcasts that we have today.

References

Dewdney, A., & Ride, P. (2014). The Digital Media Handbook. New York, NY: Routledge.

[dfammedia-blog]

Social Media's Impact on News

The rise of social media, the most recent media outlet, changed the way that news was shared. It also changed the ethics of journalism with the rise of citizen journalist. However, the type of social media matters as well in the sharing of information, where the McLuhan Equation is coming into play.

News shared on Twitter verses news shared on Facebook seem to be vastly different. While both sites have at least half of their users get news from their sites, the way that the news is carried and interpreted is different. Facebook users often see more news about local events, sports, and entertainment.[1] While on Twitter,  more and more users are utilizing the site as a platform for protest and change, where global news and revolutions are often live and broadcasted by average citizens.[2] Twitter also has more bias than Facebook because of these political affiliations that are so common on the site. The opinion of an event can drastically change over time on Twitter, where the majority opinion is often the opposite of the majority of the United States.[1]

The ethics also seem to change with the rise of social media. Now that there is unprecedented access to thousands of people and their opinions, journalists have to understand the difference and reliability of the source more than ever. With journalist publishing over 2/3 of their articles before fact checking, misinformation can spread easily, causing more harm than good.[3]

There is also the ethics that must be regarded. Will news remain objective or will it have more commentary now that there are masses that can consume this information? Or will the increase in opinions from people drive the news sources to take an objective stance to level the playing field?[4]

Social media is also now a large share of where journalist get their information and sources from. In June of 2014, social media was where 50% of media informants got their information from.[3]

When we look at the protests happening now all across the country, all of the people involved turn to social media to not only validate their message and show that they are not lying, but also to spread awareness. The video of Eric Garner was published first on social media, then news outlets took that video and created the news story for their papers and evening news, linking their evidence or facts to that video.

Media no longer has a filter added on, the filters that are typically found in newspapers and the headlines for the news. Now, people can find news online and through social media, where, if an issue is popular enough among the people, those messages and information will be trending or headlining. These news stories are dictated by the people. The more people who put their support, or perhaps their disagreement even, the more likely that others will see this and then add their two cents. Social media is not in the hands of corporate heads or news broadcasters. It is not in the hands of the people.[2]

In all the previous forms, news has largely been controlled by people in a position of power. The news was filtered through these people, in a way setting the agendas of the people and choosing what made national news and what didn't. Now, that position has shifted from the corporate heads, to people on social media who report, share, and choose what news to make important.

In a way, news sharing and reporting is increasingly becoming apart of our civic duty. When one reports and shares information, they have to become the gateway readers to news and either confirm or deny it's truth and validity using other facts and sources to confirm the writing of the journalist or person even. They must share the news ethically and report it so. Even making a topic popular must be done in good conscious. 

This extended duty even allows people who aren't citizens and who can't vote to be apart of the discussion  and agenda setting, arguable more important than electing officials to represent us in law. 

While the impact that the internet and social media has on news may still not be conclusive, there is a growing body of evidence that shows a huge shift and change into a direction where people, not power, shows the truth.

Michelle Chavez

[dfammedia-blog]

The History of News

Before we can even begin to understand how social media changes how we take news in, we need to understand where news started, and the changes that happened to news over history. 

When people think of news, they think of the printed or online articles that are published by someone who has credentials from some professional body. Yet news is not a creation of the developed world. News is a continuation of the form from before and is constantly changing to keep up with the population, trends, and needs of the people.

The origins of news itself can be traced all the way back to written history, and theorized to be used even further. How else would people know what the new laws were and new developments in war?

Oral news was the first development, where certain people would proclaim the news from a handwritten slab. This mainly stayed as such up until the invention of the print press in the late 1500s.

Once the literacy rate increased, more people can read and more papers can be spread at faster rates.  At this time, there were no newspapers as we know them, but they had pamphlets and papers that had news on them. There was a distinct difference between the news that wealthier people read, and the news that common people had access to. It was only with the rise in the middle class and the closing of the wealth gap that caused newspapers to pop up.

When these newspapers came, there was a variety of topics that the newspaper covered. There, we had structure similar to the news industry today, where they have certain people go out and get news, write it up, and have editors, as well as print people to get the news out. At that time, it’s interesting to note that there were two newspapers to come out a day; the morning and afternoon.

The death of the afternoon or evening paper came not only from the redundant information that might be circulated, but also from various other factors, such as rising popularity of evening broadcasts, difficulty delivering the paper in traffic, and major newspapers being mainly morning papers. [1]

Then, new media outlet at the time like the radio, started to be used as a way to deliver news to people. The rising popularity of the radio helped to boost another form of news delivery, but many people felt that the only truth they can trust is the paper print. The radio, especially after the two wars, was seen as a form of government propaganda.[2] Even today, breaking news is not broadcast on the air, rather, it's more focused on entertainment and sports. 

Another media form that, at the time, was highly unpopular, was the television. The television was seen as a mainly fun, visual form of entertainment, not meant for something as serious as news. Yet, with the rise of politics and protests where visual news was a form of shock value for the viewer, the popularity rose and eventually became the main source of news for many people. [3]

There was still a market for the paper news, however, especially with those who grew up with the print newspapers. Around the same time, another new media was coming up, the internet.

The internet was a vast network where connectivity can happen even faster than before and much more accessible than other forms. Some news outlets have their foundations on the internet, being an exclusive internet newspaper, changing the way that they news was brought to the everyday person. [4]

With that, we see the new creation of social media, the newest change to the type of channel people use to gather their news. The impact is already strongly felt, as more and more users of Twitter and Facebook become of age to concern themselves with news. 

Michelle Chavez