Okay, I broadly agree with your points here, but I want to add a few things, particularly about her alleged lack of preparation, because I think there's a major point of dissonance here as a result of the writers bending over backwards to frame her as unprepared and unqualified which contradicts what they actually wrote. It's a whole plot of blaming her for things that are not her fault. The plot is so close to being something coherent, but the writers had no idea what story they wanted to tell.
I think something that often gets missed here is that Samira committed to the Jersey job. She has a job for the next year. She knows what she's going to do over a year in advance. So the backups aren't actually relevant because it's a timing issue! She presumably had backups, but she turned them after accepting the position near her mom.. The entire starting premise is that her plans have blown up and she could still go to Jersey, but she doesn't want to, because without her mom, there's nothing left for her there. So the core issue is that her own preparation did not matter in the slightest, because it all comes down to her mother's timing putting her in a really difficult position – whatever backups she had, it's too late to accept them. So that puts her in a challenging spot for fellowships – not out of her own skills or preparation, but just due to really unfortunate timing.
All of that makes sense! But where it stops making sense and just starts being just meanspirited and stupid is everything that comes after that: the shift towards talking about how she doesn't have the skills or experience to be competitive in ultrasound, the terrible advice she keeps getting from her atttendings, the lack of consistency when it comes to why she (until season two, the only resident we had any indication of doing research or keeping up with the literature) is the one in a bad position.
Now it is absolutely believable to me that Samira isn't a competitive fellowship candidate, but again, not because of her skills, but because from what we see of her, she has diverse interests! Her research was in racial disparities, and that's important to her, but we keep seeing her pick up information like a sponge throughout season one, and the two studies we actually hear her cite have nothing to do with racial disparities whatsoever! They are about...well, seemingly trauma procedures in fast paced, under resourced environments. Those citations were why I'm convinced what would really make Samira happy is a disaster medicine fellowship. This could have tied into why she had initially not opted for a fellowship! She cares deeply about keeping up with the research and learning and geeks out over new techniques and procedures, but she's fundamentally more of a generalist than a specialist. She wants to be the doctor drilling into a patient's skull in the middle of a crisis. She also wants to be the one carefully finding the right diagnosis. So it makes sense to me that she isn't an obvious candidate for a lot of really competitive fellowships, because other people have resumes that, while not necessarily better over all, are more targeted to the specific subspecialty – like Henderson, who is so focused on ultrasound. But what breaks this is how they explained Samira as knowing Al-Hashimi!
I'm on the record as thinking the Samira-Al-Hashimi relationship was ill-conceived and terribly executed. It could have meant something, but it didn't, and what's worse is, it completely screws with Samira's character, because they decided that she did not one, but two elective VA rotations during her residency (not during med school, which would have made way more sense and actually aligned with how Al-Hashimi described them as having met "a few year ago" in 2x01). If they had bothered actually developing the Samira Al-Hashimi relationship it could have meant something and been indicative of Samira's unfulfilled need for mentorship at PTMC. But they didn't, so her going back for two rotations just doesn't make any sense with the character established as being so driven and interested in broad scope knowledge, and doesn't make sense in terms of someone looking for fellowships.
That could have made sense, too! There is absolutely a version of Samira where she's so focused on one path, one right way of doing things, that she just doesn't prepare for alternatives, so once she decided she was going to get a job, that was all she considered, instead of breadth of knowledge and personal enrichment. But they didn't bother actually telling that story. And it gets even stupider! Because later there's a scene with Mel, after their elderly patients, where we learn Samira did a clerkship at NJMS Senior Care. How does that make any sense? You're telling me she did a clerkship in this field she has explicitly not considered? A) Then why did she do it, senior care doesn't seem to be a core clerkship anywhere. B) She didn't consider it even after the clerkship? So they're making it even more apparent that it means nothing to her. She isn't interested in geriatrics in the slightest, and they're forcing her to settle.
What's even more insane is that Samira shifts towards talking about applying for an elective rotation, not a fellowship – she's going to apply for electives so she can have a better chance at a fellowship, and it'll be "whichever one will take me". Which doesn't make any sense! She's applying for electives she doesn't want so she has a better chance at a fellowship that she doesn't want, and no one is even telling her, hey, slow down, you remember you don't actually have to do this and you can just get a job and decide if you want to apply for a fellowship next year??? It would be easier to get a job in Pittsburgh than to get a fellowship, so it'd be easier to stay!
All of this makes the progression of the story flat out absurd: she has a job she no longer wants. She decides to apply for fellowships. She's late in the game and her research was cancelled (treated as a throwaway line instead of something that would deeply affect her, adding to the intense cruelty of how they treated Samira this season), so the really competitive fellowships are a long shot. Her attendings suggest something she couldn't be less interested in. One of them makes it about her pace (something which there is zero indication is a problem anymore, and is clearly him just being a dick). She has a conversation with a couple patients that make her maybe it could be satisfying. Except then she has another conversation where it's clear that she's unqualified for something that actually interests her, so if she does do it, it'll be her settling. All of this while Langdon was treated as a very competitive fellowship candidate, despite us having zero indication he did any research, and the possibility of him (married! Two children!) doing any serious elective rotations or away rotations seems incredibly low.
The story is dumb. They tried so hard to make it about Samira not being good enough, but that's not what the setup was at all. It makes no sense.