Bibliography
Alonso, P., 2015. Satiric Infotainment in Mexico: The case of Brozo, el Payaso Tenebroso. CUADERNOS INFO, (37), pp.77-90.
Asif, N., 2023. The Role of Symbolic Politics in Shaping Political Attitudes: A Study of Trump and Biden’s Campaign Speeches. Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects.
BBC News (2025). Starmer says he regrets using ‘island of strangers’ phrase. Available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/cj3rxrg2pnjo (Accessed: 16 September 2025).
BBC Radio 4 - More or Less: Behind the Stats, Did Mussolini make the trains run on time? [WWW Document], 2024. . BBC. URL https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p0kdbhln (accessed 9.16.25).
Bickis, H. (2004). The Clown Uncrowns: A Critical Analysis of the Clown as a Political Character. Edmonton: University of Alberta.
Bonello Rutter Giappone, K., Francis, F., MacKenzie, I. (eds) (2018) Comedy and critical thought : laughter as resistance. Rowman & Litchfield Inc.
Bouissac, P. (2015). The Semiotics of Clowns and Clowning. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Chekhov, Michael. (2002) To The Actor: On the Technique of Acting. London: Routledge.
Davies, B., Leicht, C., & Abrams, D. (2022). ‘Donald Trump and the rationalization of transgressive behavior: The role of group prototypicality and identity advancement.’ Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 52, pp.481–495. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12873
Diagnostic Trouble Code, n.d. Script Redraft from August 2025.
Dieffenbacher, J. (2021). Clown: The Physical Comedian. United Kingdom: Methuan Drama.
Dzhurova, A., 2024. 1: Public administration theory and public service delivery.
Fernandes, C. (2005) Pina Bausch and the Wuppertal Dance Theater: The Aesthetics of Repetition and Transformation. 3rd edn. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc.
Fox, K., (2018) ‘Humitas: Humour as performative resistance’ in K. Bonello Rutter Giappone, I. Francis, F., MacKenzie (eds), Comedy and critical thought: Laughter as resistance, Rowman & Litchfield Inc, pp.83-99.
Genieys, W., 2025. Trump 2.0: the rise of an “anti-elite” elite in US politics [WWW Document]. Sciences Po. URL https://www.sciencespo.fr/en/news/trump-2-0-the-rise-of-an-anti-elite-elite-in-us-politics/ (accessed 9.16.25).
Gov.UK (2025). PM remarks at Immigration White Paper press conference: 12 May 2025. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pm-remarks-at-immigration white-paper-press-conference-12-may-2025. (Accessed: 16 September 2025).
Green, K., 2012. The Symbolic Politics Theory of Ethnic War. E-International Relations. URL https://www.e-ir.info/2012/03/13/the-symbolic-politics-theory-of-ethnic-war/ (accessed 9.16.25).
Gual, A. (2015) ‘Aziz Gual’, in Clowns: In Conversation with Modern Masters, New York: Routledge, pp.22-28
Hardt, M.; Negri, A. (2017). Assembly. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Holm, N. (2017) Humour As Politics: The Political Aesthetics of Contemporary Comedy. Palgrave macmillan.
Holocaust Memorial Day Trust | The ten stages of genocide, n.d. . Holocaust Memorial Day Trust. URL https://hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/what-is-genocide/the-ten-stages-of-genocide/ (accessed 9.16.25).
Hummel, R.P., 2014. The Bureaucratic Experience: The Post-Modern Challenge: The Post-Modern Challenge, 5th ed. Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315700205
Kaufman, S.J., 2006. Symbolic Politics or Rational Choice? Testing Theories of Extreme Ethnic Violence. International Security 30, 45–86.
Kendrick, L. (2025). Clown workshop with theatre company Diagnostic Trouble Code, 14 July.
Kenworthy, N., Koon, A.D., Mendenhall, E., 2021. On symbols and scripts: The politics of the American COVID-19 response. Global Public Health 16, 1424–1438. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2021.1902549
Klein, N.; Taylor, A. (2025). ‘The rise of end time fascism’. The Guardian, 13 April. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2025/apr/13/end-times-fascism-far-right-trump-musk (Accessed: 17 August 2025).
Lee, J., (2018) 'Smile, Hitler? Nazism and Comedy in Popular Culture’ in Comedy and the Politics of Representation: Mocking the Weak. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 223-240.
Mason, B. (2016). ‘Bouffons and the grotesque’. In Evans, M.; Kemp, R. (eds) The Routledge Companion to Jacques Lecoq. New York: Routledge, pp.157-163.
Moses, A.D., 2019. “White Genocide” and the Ethics of Public Analysis. Journal of Genocide Research 21, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2019.1599493
Mostov, J., 2021. Populism Is Always Gendered and Dangerous. Front Sociol 5, 625385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2020.625385
Peacock, Louise. (2009) Serious Play: Modern Clown Performance, Bristol: Intellect Books.
Pisoni, L. (2015) ‘Larry Pisoni and Lorenzo Pisoni’, in Clowns: In Conversation with Modern Masters, New York: Routledge, pp.30-42.
Quick, Tamara Yasmin. (2025) ‘Theatre Music as Theatrical Scene: reflections on a ‘Disciplianry Dilema’’, in D. Roesner and T. Quick (ed.) Music and Sound in European
Ramsden, H., 2015. Clowns, buffoons and the killing laugh. The European Journal of Humour Research, 3(2/3), pp.145-163.
Roesner, David. (2025) ‘What is theatre music?’, in D. Roesner and T. Quick (ed.) Music and Sound in European Theatre: Practices, Performances, Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge, pg 11-28.
Theatre: Practices, Performances, Perspectives. Oxon: Routledge, pg 111-127.
The Attraction of Radical Ideologies [WWW Document], n.d. URL https://www.europeantheatre.eu/publication/the-attraction-of-radical-ideologies (accessed 9.15.25).
The London Standard (2025). Keir Starmer: UK risks becoming ‘island of strangers’ [YouTube video]. Available from: Keir Starmer: UK risks becoming ‘island of strangers’ [Accessed 18 September 2025]
Thorleifsson, C., 2022. From cyberfascism to terrorism: On 4chan/pol/ culture and the transnational production of memetic violence. Nations and Nationalism 28, 286–301. https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12780
Tobias, A., (2007). ‘The postmodern theatre clown’ in D. Robb (ed.) Clowns, Fools and Picaros: Popular Forms in Theatre, Fiction and Film, Brill, pp. 37-55.
Tynan, A. (2023) ‘Clown politics: history, populism, and tragic farce’, Textual Practice, 38(8), pp. 1258–1276. doi: 10.1080/0950236X.2023.2243894.
Voegelin, Salomé. (2011) Listening to Noise and Silence: Towards a Philosophy of Sound Art, New York: Continuum International Publishing Group.
Williams, E.A. (2015). Bakhtin and Borat: The rogue, the clown, and the fool in carnival film. Philament, 20, pp.105-25.
Wright, J. (2006) Why Is That So Funny? London: Nick Hern Books.









