please look at this graffiti my sister saw in paris
$LAYYYTER

No title available
RMH
he wasn't even looking at me and he found me
Monterey Bay Aquarium

Andulka
đȘŒ

@theartofmadeline
art blog(derogatory)
One Nice Bug Per Day

ç„æ„ / Permanent Vacation
styofa doing anything
No title available

#extradirty

Product Placement
Peter Solarz
Not today Justin
Game of Thrones Daily
d e v o n
todays bird

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@efurufrench
please look at this graffiti my sister saw in paris
FRENCH RESOURCES
Textbooks
French Grammar and Usage
Le Bon Usage
Verb Exercises (15 tenses + 3 other topics)
Lessons
France Université Numeratique (like Coursera)
Alliance Française on FUN [A1] [A2] [B1]
LanguageTransfer (excellent audio lessons)
FluentU on YT (advice on natural spoken French etc.)
Online Dictionaries
Larousse
Trésor de la Langue Française
Reading + Listening
RFI Savoirs* (current affairs in B1-2 level French)
FranceCulture.fr (very good radio + podcasts)
Passerelles (very nice podcast, intermediate level)
EuroNews
Arte (documentary + cultural television)
innerFrench (youtube channel)
CultureMag.fr
*link to English-language site; scroll down to access site in Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, Russian, Mandarin, or Arabic
Art + Literature
Wikilivres (free public domain books in French)
Film Recommendations (subjective!)
Bilinguis (bilingual translations of classics)
The adjectiveâs place
Usually, the adjective comes right after the noun (Le manteau rouge)
Short and common adjectives are often placed before the noun - beau/belle (beautiful), bon-ne (good), bref/brĂšve (brief), grand-e (tall/big), gros-se (fat), faux/fausse (fake), haut-e (high), jeune (young), joli-e (pretty), mauvais-e (bad), meilleur-e (best), nouveau/nouvelle (new), petit-e (short), vieux/vieil/vieille (old) - (La jeune fille)
If there are at least two coordinated adjectives, they come after the noun and are connected by a coordinating conjunction (Elle est drĂŽle et belle)
If not, they go on each side of the noun (Une belle porte noire)
Some adjectives can go both before or after depending on their meaning:
Ancien-ne: former (Une ancienne boutique) VS old (Un bĂątiment ancien)
Brave: respectable (Quel brave homme) VS courageous (Un chien brave)
Certain-e: particular (Un certain Ăąge) VS sure (Câest un fait certain)
Cher/chĂšre: dear (Ma chĂšre Sophie) VS expensive (Une voiture chĂšre)
Curieux/curieuse: odd (Une curieuse manie) VS interested (Un chat curieux)
Dernier/derniĂšre: last of all (Une derniĂšre fois) VS most recent (Lundi dernier)
DrĂŽle: strange (Une drĂŽle dâhistoire) VS funny (Une histoire drĂŽle)Â
Grand: great (Un grand homme) VS tall (Un homme grand)
Pauvre: pitiful (Un pauvre garçon) VS moneyless (Une famille pauvre)
Prochain-e: next (La prochaine fois) VS coming (La semaine prochaine)Â
Propre: own (Mes propres mains) VS clean (Des mains propres)
Pur-e: simple (Une pure coĂŻncidence) VS pure (Une Ăąme pure)Â
SacrĂ©-e: awesome (Une sacrĂ©e fille) VS holy (Une parole sacrĂ©e)Â
Sale: disgusting (Une sale histoire) VS dirty (Une cuisine sale)
Seul-e: only (Une seule femme), VS alone (Une femme seule)
Simple: modest (Une simple demeure) VS simple (Une questions simple)
Vrai-e: real (Une vraie histoire) VS true (Une histoire vraie)
(Temp)
A note!
I just finished Flowers for Algernon by Daniel Keyes and it's going to haunt me for a while so here's the link to a French version I added to my Google drive if you're been wanting to read some fiction (it's a diary format, easy read) and rip to your heart
Cedillas (ç)
A cedilla (une cédille) placed in front of A, O and U marks a ss sound, is never used before -e, -i, -y, -ae, -oe and can be used for verbs in -cer for certain persons (nous commençons : we start).
Nouns:
Reçu (receipt, m), suçon (hickey, m), leçon (lesson, f), façon (way, f), glaçon (ice cube, m), garçon (boy, m), aperçu (glimpse, m), soupçon (suspicion, m), façade (facade, front, f), traçage (tracing, drawing, m), rinçage (rinsing, m), hameçon (fish hook, m), caleçon (boxer shorts, m), balançoire (swing, f), trop-perçu (overpayment, m), remplaçant-e (substitute, successor), idĂ©e reçue (preconceived idea, f), tronçonneuse (chain saw, f), commerçant-e (shopkeeper), contrefaçon (forgery, f),Â
Adjectives:Â
Français-e (french), reçu-e (received, accepted), déçu-e (disappointed), perçu-e (perceived), conçu-e (designed), perçant-e (sharp, piercing), glaçant-e (icy, scary), agaçant-e (irritating), préconçue (preconceived), menaçant-e (threatening), inaperçu-e (unnoticed), grinçant-e (creaking), irremplaçable (irreplaceable, ép), désarçonné-e (threw off)
Verbs:Â
Façonner (to shape, fashion, mould), soupçonner (to suspect),Â
Others:Â
Pronoun Ăa (this/that, diminutive of âcelaâ),Â
Adverbs ĂĂ (here and there) : He threw his stuff çà et lĂ
Preposition En deçà de (below),Â
Expressions De toute façon (anyway, in any caseâŠ), Sans façons (v polite âno wayâ), Ăa mâest Ă©gal (polite I donât care)
Hi! I just saw your Les adjectifs irréguliers post and I was wondering what is a regular adjective?
Hello hello,
Good point! The only element in the French language officially labelled irregular is a series of verbs that used to have two bases in the Middle Ages because they came from different Latin verbs. A typical example is Ătre (from essere (permanent state of being) + stare (temporary state of being) i.e. je suis but vous ĂȘtes).
However, irregular simply means contrary to established rules (we normally call those 'exceptions'). Therefore, can be technically called irregular:
an adjective that doesn't look like its noun (jumeau - gémellaire as opposed to grand - grandeur)
the placement of certain adjectives and how it impacts their meaning
how past participles are invariable when they're used as adverbs (y compris)
a noun with an unexpected gender (apogée, éloge) or two genders with different meanings (manche, tour) or that are always plural (fiançailles, moeurs)
words where e is pronounced a
adding letters or accents to words for pronunciation (mangeait, ça, orgue, Noël)
certain numbers (quatorze (or dix-sept depending on what you think makes more sense) or vingt-et-un)
how you can't always use trĂšs in front of an adjective
how the spelling of an adjective can be impacted by what follows
how the pronunciation of grand can be impacted by what follows
the pronunciation of os, boeuf, oeuf in the plural (i.e. un "neuf" but des (-z-) "eu")
the agreement of certain colours
And that's just a few of them. Therefore, a regular adjective in this context is simply one that looks like its noun. Hope this helps! x
Fluent Foreverâs 625 words
Animals: chien, m (dog); chat, m (cat); poisson, m (fish); oiseau, m (bird); vache, f (cow); cochon, m (pig); souris, f (mouse); cheval, m (horse); aile, f (wing); animal, m (animal);
Transportation: train, m (train); avion, m (plane); voiture, f (car); camion, m (truck); vélo, m (bicycle); bus, m (bus); bateau, m (boat); navire, m (ship); pneu, m (tire); essence, f (gasoline); moteur, m (engine); billet, m (ticket); transports, m (transportation);
Location: ville, f (city/town); maison, f (house); appartement, m (flat); rue, f (street); route, f (road); aéroport, m (airport); gare, f (train station); pont, m (bridge); hÎtel, m (hotel); restaurant, m (restaurant); ferme, f (farm); école, f (school); tribunal, m (court); bureau, m (office); salle, f (room); université, f (university); club, m (club); bar, m (bar); parc, m (park); camp, m (camp); magasin, m (store); cinéma, m (theater); bibliothÚque, f (library); hÎpital, m (hospital); église, f (church); marché, m (market); pays, m (country); bùtiment, m (building); sol, m (ground); espace, m (space); banque, f (bank); localisation, f (location);
Clothing: chapeau, m (hat); robe, f (dress); costume, m (suit); jupe, f (skirt); chemise, f (shirt); t-shirt, m (t-shirt); jean/pantalon, m (trousers); chaussures, f (shoes); poche, f (pocket); manteau, m (coat); tache, f (stain); vĂȘtements, m (clothing);
Colours: rouge (red); vert-e (green), bleu-e (blue), clair-e (light); foncé-e (dark); jaune (yellow); marron (brown); rose (pink); orange (orange); noir-e (black); blanc-he (white); gris-e (grey); couleur, f (colour);
People: fils, m (son); fille, f (daughter); mÚre, f (mother); pÚre, m (father); parent (parent); bébé (baby); homme, m (man); femme, f (woman); frÚre, m (brother); soeur, f (sister); famille, f (family); grand-pÚre, m (grandfather); grand-mÚre, f (grandmother); mari, m (husband); femme/épouse, f (wife); roi, m (king); reine, f (queen); président-e (president); voisin-e (neighbour); garçon, m (boy); fille, f (girl); enfant (child); adulte (adult); humain-e (human); ami-e (friend); victime (victim); joueur/euse (player); fan/supporter (fan); foule, f (crowd); personne, f (person);
Job: professeur/enseignant-e (teacher); Ă©tudiant-e (student); avocat-e (lawyer), docteur (doctor); patient-e (patient); serveur/euse (waiter); secrĂ©taire (secretary); prĂȘtre, m (priest); police, f (police); armĂ©e, f (army); soldat-e (soldier); artiste (artist); auteur/trice (author); manager (manager); journaliste (reporter); acteur/trice (actor); mĂ©tier/emploi, m (job);
Society: religion, f (religion); paradis, m (heaven); enfer, m (hell); mort, f (death); médecine, f (medicine); argent, m (money): dollar, m (dollar); billet, m (bill); mariage, m (marriage/wedding); équipe, f (team); race, f (race); sexe, m (sex); genre, m (gender); meurtre, m (murder); prison, f (prison); technologie, f (technology); énergie, f (energy); guerre, f (war); paix, f (peace); attaque, f (attack); élection, f (election); magazine, m (magazine); journaux, m pl (newspaper); poison, m (poison); pistolet, m/arme à feu, f (gun); sport, m (sports); course, f (sports race); exercice, m (exercise); balle, f/ballon, m (ball); jeu, m (game); prix, m (price); contrat, m (contract); médicament, m/drogue, f (drug); signe, m (sign); science, f (science); Dieu, m (God);
Art: groupe, m (band); chanson, f (song); instrument, m (instrument); musique, f (music); film, m (movie); art, m (art);
Beverages: café, m (coffee); thé, m (tea); vin, m (wine); biÚre, f (beer); jus, m (juice); eau, f (water); lait, m (milk); boisson, f (beverage);
Food: oeuf, m (egg); fromage, m (cheese); pain, m (bread); soupe, f (soup); gùteau, m (cake); poulet, m (chicken); porc, m (pork); boeuf, m (beef); pomme, f (apple); banane, f (banana); orange, f (orange); citron, m (lemon); maïs, m (corn); riz, m (rice); huile, f (oil); graine, f (seed); couteau, m (knife); cuillÚre, f (spoon); fourchette, f (fork); tasse, f (cup); petit-déjeuner, m (breakfast); déjeuner, m (lunch); dßner, m (dinner); sucre, m (sugar); sel, m (salt); bouteille, f (bottle); nourriture, f (food).
Avoir- expressions
Avoir quelquâun Ă lâoeil - keeping an eye on someone
Avoir bon coeur - being good-hearted
Avoir bon dos - being a good excuse
Avoir quelquâun dans le nez - being mad at someone
Avoir dâautres chats Ă fouetter - having better things to do
Avoir de la merde dans les yeux - not seeing the obvious (rude)
Avoir de la veine - being lucky
Avoir des cornes - being cheated on
Avoir des couilles - being brave (rude)
Avoir des étoiles dans les yeux - being amazed
avoir des fourmis - having pins and needles
Avoir des yeux derriĂšre la tĂȘte - being able to see abs everything
Avoir du bol/du pot - being lucky
Avoir du chien - looking good (old)
Avoir du cran - being brave
Avoir du nez - having a good intuition
Avoir du temps Ă perdre - having time to waste
Avoir été bercé trop prÚs du mur - being another level of dumb
Avoir faim - being hungry
Avoir la chair de poule - having goosebumps
Avoir la conscience tranquille - having a clear conscience
Avoir la gueule de bois - being hangover
Avoir la langue bien pendue - being chatty
Avoir la main - being the one who plays/leads (in games, usually)
Avoir la main verte - being a good gardener
Avoir la patate/la pĂȘche - being smiley, happyÂ
Avoir la peau dure - being hard to break
Avoir la peur au ventre - being super scared
Avoir la puce Ă lâoreille - having suspicions
Avoir le bras long - having a lot of influence
Avoir le cafard - feeling blue
Avoir le cĆur gros - feeling sad
Avoir le compas dans lâĆil - having an accurate eye (measurements)
Avoir le feu au cul - being horny
Avoir le sang chaud - being hot-blooded
Avoir le vent en poupe - being successful
Avoir les dents du fond qui baignent - being drunk
Avoir les dents longues - being overly ambitious
Avoir les foies - being scared (old)
Avoir les jetons - being scared
Avoir les mains liĂ©es - having oneâs hands tied
Avoir les oreilles bouchées - having blocked ears
Avoir les oreilles qui saignent - having bleeding ears after hearing something awful
Avoir les oreilles qui sifflent - having ringing ears
Avoir les yeux plus gros que le ventre - taking too much food
Avoir les yeux qui saignent - having bleeding eyes after (âŠ)
Avoir lâestomac dans les talons - being super hungry
Avoir lâĆil - having a good eye (for outfits, flowers, etc)
Avoir mal aux cheveux - being in pain after a night of drinking
Avoir mangĂ© du lion - being super energeticÂ
Avoir soif - being thirsty
Avoir toute sa tĂȘte - being mentally heathly
Avoir un balai dans le cul - being uptight
Avoir un chat dans la gorge - having a frog in the throat
Avoir un cĆur dâartichaut - falling in love easily
Avoir un coup de foudre - falling in love at first sight
Avoir un mal de chien - having a hard time doing something
Avoir un Ćil qui dit merde Ă lâautre - squinting (rude)
Avoir un oursin dans sa poche - being miser
Avoir un poil dans la main - being lazy
Avoir un polichinelle dans le tiroir - being pregnant
Avoir une araignée dans le plafond - being nutty
Avoir une brioche au four - being pregnant
Avoir une case en moins - having a screw loose
Avoir une cervelle de moineau - forgetting things easilyÂ
Avoir une dent contre quelquâun - being mad at someone
Avoir une faim de loup - being super hungry
Avoir une mĂ©moire dâĂ©lĂ©phant - having a great memory
Avoir une peur bleue - being super scared
En avoir plein le cul - being super annoyed (rude)
Ne pas avoir gardĂ© les cochons ensemble - way to tell someone whoâs being overfriendly or touchy to back off
Ne pas avoir les yeux en face des trous - being too tired to think straight
The French imperative mood -part1
Lâalphabet phonĂ©tique
Les voyelles
[a] open front unrounded vowel - cinéma (cinema, m); hat
[É] open back unrounded vowel - chĂąteau (castle, m); hot
[e] close-mid front unrounded vowel - clé (key, f); may
[É] open-mid front unrounded vowel - pĂšre (father, m), chĂȘne (oak, m); bed
[É] mid central vowel/schwa - jeu (game, m); bird
[i] close front unrounded vowel - souris (mouse, f); free
[o] close-mid back rounded vowel - rose (rose, f); UK yawn
[É] open-mid back rounded vowel - ocĂ©an (ocean, m); thought
[Ăž] close-mid front rounded vowel - jeudi (thursday)
[Ć] open-mid front rounded vowel - peur (fear, f)
[u] close back rounded vowel - chou (cabbage, m); boot
[y] close front rounded vowel - tu (you); UK few
This vowel diagram shows the inside of the throat from the left side (pronounce /i/ âeeeâ and /É/ âaaaâ to feel the difference). AntĂ©rieur: front, postĂ©rieur: back, aperture: opening of the lips.
Les voyelles nasales (when followed by a consonant except -h- or ending a word)
[ÉÌ] > am, an, (Ă©)en, em, aon - temps (time, m)
[ÉÌ] > aim, ain, eim, ein, em, (i)en, im, in, um, un, ym, yn - pain (bread, m)
[ÉÌ] > om, on - ombre (shadow, f), bonjour (hello)
[ĆÌ] > um, un - humble, un (one, m); dying, turning into [ÉÌ]Â
N.B. When a nasal sound is produced, despite being made of two letters, they are to be pronounced as their own sound: in Bonjour, the /o/ and the /n/ shouldnât be heard at all since they are followed by the consonant /j/, as opposed to the usual dragging of /o/ then /n/ like in Bonne journĂ©e.
Les semi-voyelles
[j] voiced palatal approximant - lieu (place, m); you
[É„] voiced labialâpalatal approximant - huile (oil, f); wall
[w] voiced labialâvelar approximant - oui (yes); witch
Les consonnes
[b] voiced bilabial plosive - bĂȘte (beast, f)
[d] voiced dental and alveolar plosive - déjeuner (lunch, m)
[f] voiceless labiodental fricative - faim (hunger, f)
[g] voiced velar plosive - gĂąteau (cake, m)
[Ê] voiced postalveolar fricative - ange (angel, m); vision
[k] voiceless velar plosive - cadeau (gift, m)
[l] voiced apical alveolar approximant - lait (milk, m)
[p] voiceless bilabial plosive - pain (bread, m)
[Ê] voiced uvular fricative - roi (king, m)
[s] voiceless alveolar fricative - sel (salt, m); nonsense
[t] voiceless denti-alveolar plosive - table (table, f)
[v] voiced labiodental fricative - violon (violin, m)
[z] voiced alveolar fricative - maison (house, f)
[Ê] voiceless postalveolar fricative - chocolat (chocolate, m)
Les consonnes nasales
[m] voiced bilabial nasal - miel (honey, m)
[n] voiced denti-alveolar nasal - nez (nose, m)
[ÉČ] voiced palatal nasal - montagne (mountain, f)
[Ć] voiced velar nasal - connexion (connection, f); singÂ
Voiced sounds are those that make our vocal chords vibrate when they are produced; voiceless sounds are produced from air passing through the mouth at different points. Fricatives are consonants with the characteristic that when they are produced, air escaped through a small passage and make a hissing sound; plosives are a type of consonant produced by forming a complete obstruction to the flow air out of the mouth.
So as a continuation of this post I made in frustration about how anglo-centric most âmust-readâ book lists are, I went and found a few lists with a focus on non-English speaking authors (sorted by number of books listed):
8 Must-Read Foreign Books Translated Into English (Babbel)
The non-western books that every student should read (The Guardian)
10 best translated fiction (Independent - has suggestions regarding editions + prices)
49 Incredible Books From 49 Different Countries (Huffpost - has amazon links to all the books, which is great to find the editions but please please please support your local bookstores!!!!)
100 Must-Read Classics in Translation (BookRead - Amazon links again. Most bookstores will offer to order books for you if they donât have them, please utilise their services and support local shops whenever possible!)
All these lists have reviews and feature books from a wide range of countries. I havenât read every single review but I browsed the lists to make sure they wouldnât all just name the same books and they donât!!
I hope youâll find inspiring new reads on those lists! :)
Some activities you can do during Christmas season.
đEt toi? Quelle (s) activitĂ©(s) fais-tu Ă NoĂ«l?
Au grand jour mes amours se consument
Je m'Ă©teins quand vos matins s'allumentÂ
Tout semble ordinaire
Sous la lumiĂšre
Se joue la valse des vies communes
Au grand jour- in broad daylight, in the light of day
amour- love
consumer- to consume, to use up
éteindre- put out, turn off, extinguish
matin- morning
allumer- alight, turn on
tout- everything
semble- seems, appears
ordinaire- ordinary
sous- under
lumiĂšre- light
jouer- to play
valse- waltz
vie- life
commun.e- common, communal
Some practical vocabulary
Definite articles: determiners that refer to a known subject (The cat is asleep - Le chat dort)
Demonstrative: refers to things that are being pointed out (This, those, it's: Cette, ceux-lĂ , c'est)
Direct speech: someone words, passed out directly (She said: "I am hungry" - Elle a dit "J'ai faim")
Gerund: en + verb ending in -ant; describes a second action happening at the same time as the first (She sings while running - Elle chante en courant)
Indefinite articles: determiners that refer to an unknown subject (A cat is at the door - Un chat est Ă la porte)
Partitive articles: determiners that refer to a subject that is a portion of something bigger (Je veux de l'eau - I want water)
Past participle: the second part of the perfect tense (She has drunk water - Elle a bu de l'eau)
Possessive: refers to owned beings or things (Her, Ton: Sa, Your)
Present participle: verb ending in -ant; describes something or a fact that has consequences; sometimes turns into an adjective (A charming boy - Un garçon charmant; Mary being gone, I went for a run - Marie étant partie, je suis allé courir)
Reported speech: someone's words, passed out indirectly (ex: She told John that she wanted him there).
Subjunctive: mood triggered by certain verbs and expressions followed by que (I need to go - Il faut que j'y aille)
Transitive: refers to an element that requires an object (ex: Verb Aller - To go: Elle va + à l'école)
Dans le soir s'envole mon infortune
Ma couronne est un rayon de lune
Pour voir dans vos regards
Un peu d'égard
Je deviens reine des vies nocturnes
dans- in
soir- evening
envoler- to fly away
infortune- misfortune
couronne- crown
rayon- ray
lune- moon
voir- to see
regard- look
égard- consideration, regard
devenir- to become
reine- queen
vie- life
nocturne- nocturnal
How to improve pronunciation
Salut! How would you recommend someone to improve their pronunciation in French if they donât have access to a class/live in the country where French is spoken? Iâm trying so hard but I struggle a lot with pronunciation but itâs so so important to me to be able to pronounce words properly and speak well because I love this language so much and itâs very important to me but Iâm struggling a lot
You donât have to live somewhere in particular or go to school to get any kind of skill. Practice and hard work will always be enough. Now :
Study this post about phonetics
Study this post about pronunciation
Listen to audiobooks while reading the written version (see below)Â
Watch subtitled stuff (Netflix, TED talks, hacked content, TV5 Mondeâs Sept jours sur la planĂšte, Public sĂ©nat)
Speak to yourself, pretend to be a Youtuber, debate out loud (âŠ) and record it so you can listen to it later
Some resources :
Youtubeâs pronunciation channels
The website Forbo (natives pronouncing words)
The website Reverso (translation, pronunciation, context)
The website Linguo.tv (french videos + subtitles)
Phonetic transcription
Audiobook/ebook combo :
Le Petit Prince - Saint ExupĂ©ry AU / EBÂ
1984 - George Orwell AU / EBÂ
The Alchemist - Paulo Coehlo AU / EBÂ
The Art of War - Sun Tzu AU / EB
The Call of Cthulhu - Lovecraft AU / EBÂ
Alice in Wonderland - Lewis Caroll AU / EBÂ
LâĂle mystĂ©rieuse - Jules Verne AU / EBÂ
The Bible AU / EBÂ
The Fellowship of the ring - J.R.R. Tolkien AU / EBÂ
Pride and prejudice - Jane Austen AU / EBÂ
Le Horla - Maupassant AU / EBÂ
Candide - Voltaire AU / EBÂ
The Black Cat - Edgar Allan Poe AU / EBÂ
Dorian Gray - Oscar Wilde AU / EBÂ
Hope this helps! xÂ