Emeric Studies @emericstudies - Tumblr Blog

les mineur-e-s et le sexe

Pour faire simple, le droit pénal ne s’est pas donné pour mission de réprimer le sexe, partie intime de la vie des contribuables. Mais cette non-ingérence dans la sexualité des contribuables comportent des exceptions, les deux principales étant l’absence de consentement et la minorité d’un des partenaires.

Le consentement n’est pas défini en droit pénal. En droit civil il s’agit de l’accord, libre et éclairé, soit donné en toute connaissance de cause par une personne capable de discernement, d’une des parties à un contrat, une volonté d’accepter l’acte. La qualification de l’absence de consentement est cependant un élément qui permet de caractériser les infractions sexuelles les plus connues : le viol et l’agression sexuelle.

Le viol :

Il est défini à l’article 222-23 du Code pénal comme :

Tout acte de pénétration sexuelle, de quelque nature qu'il soit, commis sur la personne d'autrui par violence, contrainte, menace ou surprise.

Il nécessite donc que la victime subisse une pénétration de nature sexuelle qui a été imposée de façon violente, que la violence soit physique ou morale ( la violence, la contrainte et la menace étant difficile à distinguer ), ou par surprise ( qui peut généralement se caractériser comme une situation dans laquelle la victime n’a pas pu comprendre que l’auteur-e avait l’intention de lui imposer une pénétration sexuelle ).

L’agression sexuelle :

L’infraction est très - trop - largement définie à l’alinéa 1 de l’article 222-22 du Code pénal comme :

Une agression sexuelle toute atteinte sexuelle commise avec violence, contrainte, menace ou surprise.

L’atteinte n’est pas explicitement définie dans l’article, mais se précise dans la jurisprudence. Il se caractérise par tout acte sexuel portant atteinte à autrui ( généralement attouchements, caresses, baisers ), hormis le viol. Toute une série d’actes tombe donc sous cette qualification, allant de la main aux fesses à la fellation subie ( Crim. 22 août 2001, en l’espèce une fellation subie avait été requalifiée en agression sexuelle après avoir été qualifiée en viol puisque la loi dispose que la pénétration doit être commise sur la personne d’autrui ).

Néanmoins, cette atteinte sexuelle est à distinguer de l’atteinte sexuelle sur mineur qui, si elle réprime les rapports sexuels entre majeur-e-s et mineur-e-s dans certains cas, n’exige pas la caractérisation de l’absence de consentement.

L’atteinte sexuelle :

L’infraction n’est pas en soi considérée comme une infraction sexuelle puisqu’elle figure au chapitre VII intitulé “des atteintes au mineur et à la famille”. Elle est donc, contrairement aux autres infractions, un moyen de protéger des adultes les mineur-e-s même consentant-e-s. Elle est définie à l’article 227-25 du Code pénal comme :

Le fait, par un majeur, d’exercer sans violence, contrainte, menace ni surprise une atteinte sexuelle sur la personne d'un mineur de quinze ans.

L’atteinte sexuelle peut être caractérisée par tout acte de nature sexuel consenti par un-e mineur-e de 15 ans. Le législateur considère donc que le seul acte sexuel entre un-e majeur-e et un-e mineur-e de 15 ans porte atteinte au mineur-e.

Cependant, l’atteinte sexuelle peut aussi être qualifiée lorsque le.a mineur-e a plus de 15 ans. En effet, l’article 227-27 du Code pénal réprime :

Les atteintes sexuelles sans violence, contrainte, menace ni surprise sur un mineur âgé de plus de quinze ans […] :

1° Lorsqu'elles sont commises par un ascendant ou par toute autre personne ayant sur la victime une autorité de droit ou de fait ;

2° Lorsqu'elles sont commises par une personne qui abuse de l'autorité que lui confèrent ses fonctions.

Le législateur considère que la seule autorité que le majeur possède sur la victime remet en cause la validité du consentement du mineur-e ( le consentement du mineur-e ne serait pas libre et éclairé ). L’inceste n’est pas en soi réprimé puisque cette infraction n’est pas nécessairement caractérisé quand les rapports sexuels ont lieu entre un-e mineur-e et son oncle/sa tante, son frère/sa sœur, même si celleux-ci sont plus âgé-e-s qu’iel.

Si on constate que les relations entre majeur-e-s et mineur-e-s sont réglementées, on remarque aussi qu’il n’existe pas de majorité sexuelle : un-e mineur-e n’est soumis-e à aucun seuil d’âge au-dessous duquel iel est considéré-e comme ne pouvant consentir à un acte sexuel. C’est le-a majeur-e qui se voit imposer une limite.

Cela implique donc que les mineur-e-s peuvent avoir des rapports sexuels consentis sans limite d’âge. Il n’existe d’ailleurs aucun seuil pour limiter les rapports entre mineur-e-s.

Cela implique aussi que les magistrat-e-s doivent étudier au cas par cas les faits pour déterminer si l’enfant était capable de consentir en connaissance de cause à un acte sexuel. La Cour de cassation a décidé dans un arrêt du 7 décembre 2005 que :

le très jeune âge des enfants les rendait incapables de réaliser la nature et la gravité des actes qui leur étaient imposés.

Elle considère ainsi que l’âge des enfants est un obstacle à leur consentement libre et éclairé puisqu’iels ne peuvent comprendre les actes sexuels qu’iels subissent. Cependant, cette jurisprudence ne peut s’appliquer qu’à de très jeunes enfants : les enfants ont généralement entre quelques mois et 6/7 ans. La Cour de cassation a même rendu un arrêt, le 1er mars 1995, qui décidait que la surprise ne peut être déduite du seul âge de la victime, âgée de 14 ans.

De plus, les magistrat-e-s, pour qualifier l’infraction, recherche, ce qui est abusivement appelé par certain-e-s pénalistes, un consentement forcé : un consentement qui impliquerait la violence, la menace, la contrainte ou la surprise. Il est tout de même à noter que la loi parle jamais explicitement de consentement, ce qui supposerait qu’une personne qui n’aurait subi ni violence, ni menace, ni contrainte, ni surprise, aurait nécessairement consenti à l’acte sexuel, même si elle n’aurait pas acquiescé en gestes ou à paroles à l’acte. Il est également à noter que l’état de résistance, les faiblesses, la minorité, la subordination peuvent être prises en compte dans la caractérisation du consentement sans être déterminante.

Puisque le législateur ne fixe pas de seuil d’âge, il est possible de considérer l’enfant de 10 ans comme consentant-e à un acte sexuel avec un adulte. Même si les faits pourront être qualifiés d’atteinte sexuelle, il faut tout de même prendre en considération que si le viol est un crime puni de 15 ans de réclusion criminelle, aggravé et puni de 20 ans s’il est commis notamment sur un mineur de 15 ans, une personne vulnérable l’atteinte sexuelle n’est qu’un délit puni de 5 ans d’emprisonnement s’il est commis sur un mineur de 15 ans, 3 ans s’il est commis sur un mineur de plus de 15 ans.

Les relations entre un-e mineur-e et un-e majeur-e consentante peuvent encore être limitées par une autre infraction qui n’est pas nécessairement de nature sexuelle.

Le détournement de mineur :

L’infraction faussement nommée par les médias “détournement de mineur” est en réalité l’infraction de soustraction de mineur à l’autorité parentale. Il est définie à l’article 227-8 du Code pénal, au même chapitre que l’atteinte sexuelle, comme étant :

Le fait, par une personne […] de soustraire, sans fraude ni violence, un enfant mineur des mains de ceux qui exercent l'autorité parentale ou auxquels il a été confié ou chez qui il a sa résidence habituelle.

La soustraction implique nécessairement le déplacement d’un-e mineur-e de sa résidence habituelle, soit de l’endroit où ses parents ou tuteurs exercent leur autorité sur iel. L’auteur-e de la soustraction peut avoir aidé le.a mineur-e à quitter la résidence de ses parents, avoir orchestré ce départ ou l’abriter après une fugue sans en avertir les parents ( Crim. 3 septembre 2014 ). Cette infraction vise à protéger les mineur-e-s de certaines relations qu’iels pourraient avoir avec des majeur-e-s sans que celles-ci soient de nature sexuelle. Plus largement, elle vise aussi à protéger les mineur-e-s des dérives sectaires.

Dans le cas où la relation entre un-e mineur-e et une majeur-e serait de nature romantique et/ou sexuelle, cela permet de protéger le-a mineur-e d’une relation légale, mais déséquilibrée : un-e mineur-e n’est pas toujours responsable, ne possède pas autant de droit qu’un-e majeur-e, il n’a généralement aucune ressource pécuniaire, est considéré par le droit comme plus vulnérable qu’un-e majeur-e.

Pour conclure :

Un-e mineur-e de 17 ans et 6 mois peut légalement avoir des rapports sexuels avec un-e mineur-e de 10 ans.

Un-e majeur-e de 18 ans peut être en couple avec un-e mineur-e de 17 ans sans pouvoir être poursuivi pour détournement de mineur-e.

Un-e majeur-e de 18 ans ne peut légalement avoir des rapports sexuels, de quelque nature qu’il soit, avec un-e mineur-e de 14 ans, même consentant-e.

Un-e majeur-e peut légalement avoir des rapports sexuels avec des mineur-e-s de plus de 15 ans tant qu’il n’exerce aucune relation d’autorité entre elleux.

Un-e majeur-e peut légalement entretenir une relation avec un-e mineur-e de plus de 15 ans s’iel ne décide pas de le-a soustraire à l’autorité de ses parents.

Un-e prof ne peut pas légalement avoir de rapports sexuels avec un-e élève car iel exerce sur ses élèves une autorité.

L’inceste entre un-e mineur-e de plus de 15 ans et ses oncles et tantes ou entre un-e mineur-e et ses frères et soeurs n’est pas nécessairement réprimé.

Le jeune âge d’un-e mineur-e ne suffit pas forcément à prouver qu’iel n’est pas capable de consentir à un acte sexuel.

Il est nécessaire de prouver l’existence de violences, d’une contrainte, de menaces ou de la surprise pour qualifier le défaut de consentement.

Si une personne est forcée à faire une fellation, c’est un viol. Si une personne est forcée de subir une fellation, c’est une agression sexuelle.

J’ai fait de mon mieux pour synthétiser au maximum plusieurs infos ( en utilisant legifrance, dalloz pour quelques jurisprudences et rubriques d’encyclopédie ). Si ce n’est pas suffisamment compréhensible je peux préciser et/ou réexpliquer certains points. Je pourrais aussi expliquer plus en détails ce qu’est un viol en droit pénal si ça vous intéresse/si c’est nécessaire.

Je ne donne pas mon avis sur l’état de la législation ou de la jurisprudence actuelle, je ne fais qu’exposer l’état du droit tel qu’il est et tel qu’il s’applique.

@onestenrepublique , est-ce que c’est assez clair comme ça ? j’ai peut-être fait un peu long.

stcrlghts

latin phrases worth knowing:

(in case you wanted to know because i fucking love this language)

ad astra per aspera - to the stars through difficulties

alis volat propriis - he flies by his own wings

amantium irae amoris integratio est - the quarrels of lovers are the renewal of love

ars longa, vita brevis - art is long, life is short

aut insanity homo, aut versus facit - the fellow is either mad or he is composing verses

dum spiro spero - while I breathe, I hope

ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem - with the sword, she seeks peace under liberty

exigo a me non ut optimus par sim sed ut malis melior - I require myself not to be equal to the best, but to be better than the bad

experiential docet - experience teaches

helluo librorum - a glutton for books (bookworm)

in libras libertas - in books, freedom

littera scripta manet - the written letter lasts

mens regnum bona possidet - an honest heart is a kingdom in itself

mirabile dictu - wonderful to say

nullus est liber tam malus ut non aliqua parte prosit - there is no book so bad that it is not profitable in some part

omnia iam fient quae posse negabam - everything which I used to say could not happen, will happen now

poeta nascitur, non fit - the poet is born, not made

qui dedit benificium taceat; narrat qui accepit - let him who has done a good deed be silent; let him who has received it tell it

saepe ne utile quidem est scire quid futurum sit - often, it is not advantageous to know what will be

sedit qui timuit ne non succederet - he who feared he would not succeed sat still

si vis pacem, para bellum - if you want peace, prepare for war

struit insidias lacrimis cum feminia plorat - when a woman weeps, she is setting traps with her tears

sub rosa - under the rose

trahimir omnes laudis studio - we are led on by our eagerness for praise

urbem latericium invenit, marmoream reliquit - he found the city a city of bricks; he left it a city of marble

ut incepit fidelis sic permanet - as loyal as she began, so she remains

emmastudies

one of my lecturers printed us a step-by-step guide to writing an essay for an assignment we had. i decided to type it up and share it with you guys. i think for the most part it is really useful and a super simple way to break down your essay. hope this helps :~)

londonotes

don’t let your goals fall out of your sight. take breaks but don’t forget to continue working hard. every small step takes you closer to success. constantly remind yourself of what you’re aiming towards. in the long run you’re going to be thankful you didn’t give up.

on-the-threshold-blog1

Clear your desk. Tie up your hair. Get your coffee. Sit down, and start. Just start.

studyblr

prove them wrong.

sealochs

fun story I first became obsessed with the harry potter series and hermione in particular in yr 3 of primary school and I decided I wanted to be like hermione in every way so I started reading *lots* and working super hard in school, got a reputation for bookishness and being the smart kid that I kept up into high school and lol here I am graduating in a few weeks from Cambridge all bc I adored this clever bookworm in a children’s book series and absorbed her into my personality as a child like ???

basically long story short female role models in kids media are EVERYTHING

simplyelsa-blog1

Some useful transitional phrases I collated when writing any type of essay!

jwstudying

ACADEMIC PHRASE BANK MASTERPOST: CONNECTING WORDS

Addition

To begin with,

In the first place,

Firstly,

The first reason

Additionally

Furthermore,

Another reason why

Secondly, Thirdly,

Next,

Pursuing this further,

Also

Lastly, Finally

In the same way,

Comparison

Similarly,

In the same way,

Likewise,

As with,

Equally,

Contrasting

However,

Nevertheless,

On the other hand,

Even so

Alternatively

At the same time

Otherwise

Instead

Conversely

Result

Hence

Therefore

Accordingly

Consequently

Thus

As a result

In consequence

For this reason

For this purpose

Time

Meanwhile

Presently

At last

Finally

Immediately

Thereafter

At that time

Eventually

Currently

Subsequently

In the meantime

Importance

Importantly

Especially

Above all

With attention to

Example

For example

For instance

That is

Such as

As revealed by

Illustrated by

Specifically

In particular

For one thing

This can be seen by

An instance of this

Literary

Clarifies

Conveys

Depicts

Demonstrates

Determines

Displays

Emphasizes

Establishes

Explains

Exemplifies

Highlights

Illustrates

Indicates

Potrays

Represents

Shows

Signifies

Suggests

Beginnings/Causes/Effects

Affects

Generates

Ignites

Impacts

Imposes

Influences

Initiates

Introduces

Involves

Launches

Leads to

Presents

Promotes

Prompts

Results in

Summary

In conclusion,

To sum it all up,

To summarize,

In the final analysis

You can see why …

Finally,

Therefore,

In summary,

In short,

In brief,

emmastudies

caesarstudies

writing an essay in college is very different from writing an essay in high school. personally, i write more research/history papers than literary essays (the liberal arts life and curse), so this is going to be a post on how a general research-y essay that has a thesis and arguments.

intro

don’t open with a quote and don’t be overly broad.

avoid generalizations

your intro should address the topic of your essay (ex. the significance of gardens in renaissance society), and then narrow down to what you want to talk about in regards to your topic (ex. the political influence of the Medici gardens during the renaissance)

thesis! it should include the argument you want to make about the narrowed down topic, and three (or however many your class requires) reasons to support it. I like to think of it as W = X + Y + Z.

your thesis explains who, what and why in a concise manner.

body

topic sentences should not be a word for word copy of your thesis.

the order of arguments in your thesis is the order of your paragraphs

depending on the length of your essay, there should be at least two justifications to your argument.

so, just as the intro has a formula, X = A + B, and so forth.

A and B should be backed up with some sources/quotes. don’t forget that if you are quoting from class notes to put either the prof’s last name, or (class notes)

be sure to have clear and concise arguments, don’t be flowery

USE WORDS THAT ARE ACCURATE. thesaurus is great but if you use a word that sounds cool but doesn’t capture the meaning you want to convey then don’t use it, because it may just change the meaning of your argument

quote whatever isn’t yours. it is completely fine if 90% of your sentences are quotes. its weird to get used to, but don’t worry about it.

conclusion

the worst part in my opinion.

synthesize don’t summarize. show how your arguments relate back to the thesis.

try not to copy paste your thesis into the conclusion, word it so that the readers understands that through XYZ, you were able to conclude and support argument W (referring back to the thesis formula)

do not add any new information, do not add quotes.

your final sentence should tie up the essay in a pretty bow, but try to avoid clichés

protips

when writing the body paragraphs, your ‘weakest’ paragraph should be in the middle, strongest as your last, and the second best as your first.

if you’re stumped on the intro, skip it. write out the body first, then the intro and you’ll be able to concisely word your thesis

think of your essay as an infomercial. your intro is the loud and clear HERES MY PRODUCT, the body is blasting information on why the product is so cool, and the conclusion is the final push for the viewer to buy that product. make your teacher want to agree with your thesis!

use a mix of paraphrase and quotes!

don’t forget your works cited lmao (the MLA Handbook is a gr8 tool, also OWL Purdue)

prime time for essay writing is in the morning or at night, but make sure you edit it meticulously

EDIT ON PAPER NOT ON YOUR SCREEN

stay humble, study hard

study-like-you-mean-it

66 Essay Transition Phrases-

To continue an idea:

Furthermore

Moreover

In addition

As well as this

What’s more

Additionally

Regarding this

The fact that [x] is so, shows that

To compare and contrast ideas:

In comparison

In contrast

Unlike [x], [y]…

Like with [x], [y]…

Similarly

Comparatively

In the same way

Another way of viewing this is

Yet

Still

Nevertheless

On one/the other hand

Conversely

Notwithstanding

In spite of this

However

Besides

Though/Although

On the contrary

Contrary to this

In order to list:

Firstly; Secondly; Thirdly; Finally

To begin with; In addition; In conclusion

These are the following:

These are as follows:

In order to introduce an example:

An example of this is (the fact that) (the following)

To illustrate this

This is exemplified by the fact that/to exemplify (this one seems a little bit weird, but I use it all the time in order to show an idea being strengthened within a lot of my English Literature essays)

For instance

For example

In this manner

In particular

Namely

[x] can be shown strongly/most clearly when…

To show that something causes something else:

As a result

Because of this (I wouldn’t use this one in very formal writing because formal writing tends to discourage the use of ‘because’ and ‘also’ at the start of your sentences)

Consequently

Hence (this can also be used in the middle of the sentence to explain why something is the way it is)

For this reason

The consequence of this is

To repeat an idea with more/as much detail:

To repeat

That is,

In other words

To be precise

To be exact

More precisely/exactly

To reiterate

To draw conclusions:

From this, I can extrapolate (most of the time, personal pronouns are not used in very formal writing, so ‘it can be extrapolated’ is good if you want to sound very sophisticated)

From this, it can be inferred that…

It is clear that from [x], [y] means…

This shows the reader/audience that…

This enables us to understand the fact that…

[x] shows us that [y] feels…

From this, it is clear that…

To make an overall conclusion:

In conclusion

In short

To summarise

In summary

To conclude

I hope this helps!

onlylivingirlinny

To help move away from summary and toward ANALYSIS, it’s important to incorporate strong verbs into your writing when discussing the writer’s rhetorical choices. Below is a list of verbs that are considered weak (imply summary) and a list of verbs that are considered strong (imply analysis). Strive to use the stronger verbs in your essays to help push yourself away from summary and toward analysis: ex “The writer flatters…” NOT “The writer says…”

Weak Verbs (Summary):

says

explains

relates

states

goes on to say

shows

tells

this quote shows

Strong Verbs (Analysis):

Argues, admonishes, analyzes, compares, contrasts, defines, demonizes, denigrates, describes, dismisses, enumerate, expounds, emphasizes, establishes, flatters, implies, lionizes, lists, minimizes, narrates, praises, processes, qualifies, questions, ridicules, suggests, supports, trivializes, vilifies, warns

Powerful and Meaningful Verbs to Use in an Analysis (Alternatives to Show):

Acknowledge, Address, Analyze, Apply, Argue, Assert, Augment

Broaden

Calculate, Capitalize, Characterize, Claim, Clarify,Compare, Complicate, Confine, Connect, Consider, Construct, Contradict, Correct, Create, Convince, Critique

Declare, Deduce, Defend, Demonstrate, Deny, Describe, Determine, Differentiate, Disagree, Discard, Discover, Discuss, Dismiss, Distinguish, Duplicate

Elaborate, Emphasize, Employ, Enable, Engage, Enhance, Establish, Evaluate, Exacerbate, Examine, Exclude, Exhibit, Expand, Explain, Exploit, Express, Extend

Facilitate, Feature, Forecast, Formulate, Fracture

Generalize, Group, Guide

Hamper, Hypothesize

Identify, Illuminate, Illustrate, Impair, Implement, Implicate, Imply, Improve, Include, Incorporate, Indicate, Induce, Initiate, Inquire, Instigate, Integrate, Interpret, Intervene, Invert, Isolate

Justify

Locate, Loosen

Maintain, Manifest, Manipulate, Measure, Merge, Minimize, Modify, Monitor

Necessitate, Negate, Nullify

Obscure, Observe, Obtain, Offer, Omit, Optimize, Organize, Outline, Overstate

Persist, Point out, Possess, Predict, Present, Probe, Produce, Promote, Propose, Prove, Provide

Qualify, Quantify, Question

Realize, Recommend, Reconstruct, Redefine, Reduce, Refer, Reference, Refine, Reflect, Refute, Regard, Reject, Relate, Rely, Remove, Repair, Report, Represent, Resolve, Retrieve, Reveal, Revise

Separate, Shape, Signify, Simulate, Solve, Specify, Structure, Suggest, Summarize, Support, Suspend, Sustain

Tailor, Terminate, Testify, Theorize, Translate

Undermine, Understand, Unify, Utilize

Validate, Vary, View, Vindicate

Yield

busy-bizzy-bee

Tips on writing an essay from my history professor

1. If you approach writing as a mystical event where you sit down at a blank page and expect to be visited by divine inspiration, you’re fucked. Writing is not a talent, it is a skill. It is a muscle. If you don’t use it, it dies.

2. Be comfortable with writing absolute garbage. Get all your thoughts down: write shit. Then edit; devote 50% of your time or more to editing. This is when you write your thesis. This is when you decide where paragraphs are.

3. Know how to use a comma. If you use more than two in a sentence, it’s too many. You’re doing something wrong. In American writing, beauty is not in the length and complexity of a sentence. Beauty is in short sentences, with a variety of structures.

4. If you can cut a word, cut it. Ask yourself, do I really need all these words? Keep only what is necessary, leave room for the important stuff.

5. Avoid canned expressions. The phrase ‘a needle in a haystack’ was effective the first time it was used in an essay – it no longer is. It would be better to write the most boring sentence than to write a cliche metaphor that serves no purpose.

6. When you use the word “which” you should probably be using the word “that.” If you don’t know, assume it should be “that.”

7. Avoid obscure vocabulary or jargon. Obscure vocabulary displays nothing about your intelligence or academic success.

8. Read good writing with the intention of absorbing how those authors write successfully.

studyingisfortheweekend-blog

Alternatives for 25 overused words in writing

1. Interesting- note worthy; thought-provoking; fascinating; attracting; appealing; attention-grabbing; captivating; gripping; invigorating; engrossing; engaging; electrifying.

2. Beautiful- striking; stunning; magnificent; lovely; charming; gorgeous; radiant; dazzling.

3. Good- acceptable, wonderful, exceptional; positive; brilliant; first-rate; notable; stellar; favorable; superb; marvellous; prime.

4. Bad- awful; lousy; poor; unacceptable; crummy; dreadful; rough; inferior; substandard; atrocious; appalling; dreadful; defective.

5. Look- glance; fixate; observe; stare; gaze; peer; scan; watch; study; browse; eye; glimpse; review; inspect.

6. Nice- lovely; superior; pleasant; satisfying; delightful; likeable; agreeable; correct; adequate; swell; fair; okay; approved.

7. Very- extremely; exceedingly; exceptionally; immensely; tremendously; abundantly; particularly; remarkably.

8. Fine- satisfactory; worthy; respectable; exquisite; suitable; well; imposing; decent; admirable; praise-worthy; decent.

9. Happy- cheerful; delighted; pleased; content; amused; thrilled; elated; thrilled; ecstatic; on cloud 9.

10. Really- genuinely; truly; honestly; actually; undoubtedly; certainly; remarkably; incredibly; downright; unquestionably; extremely.

11. Sad- miserable; gloomy; devastated; distressed; down at heard; distraught; distressed; dispirited; sorrowful; downcast; feeling blue; desolate.

12. Big- massive; huge; giant; gigantic; enormous; large; colossal; immense; bulky; tremendous; hefty; sizable; extensive; great; substantial.

13. Shocked- taken aback; lost for words; flabbergasted; staggered; outraged; astonished; astounded; stunned; speechless; appalled.

14. Small- tiny; petite; mini; miniature; microscopic; minuscule; compact; pocket-sized; cramped; puny; undersized; limited; meager; modest; minute; pint-sized.

15. Angry- irate; enraged; touchy; cross; resentful; indignant; infuriated; wound-up; worked-up; seething; raging; heated; bitter; bad-tempered; offended; frustrated.

16. Know- understand; comprehend; realize; learn; perceive; recognize; grasp; sense.

17. Change- alter; transform; replace; diversify; adjust; adapt; modify; remodel; vary; evolve; transfigure; redesign; refashion; advance; transition; shift; adjustment.

18. Old- aged; ancient; matured; elderly; senior; veteran; decrepit; seasoned; venerable; past one’s prime; doddering; senile.

19. Think- ponder; reflect; conceive; imagine; contemplate; consider; determine; realize; visualize; guess/assume; conclude; envision.

20. Funny- comical; ludicrous; amusing; droll; entertaining; absurd; hilarious; silly; whimsical; hysterical; joking; witty; facetious; slapstick; side-splitting; knee-slapping.

21. Go- move; proceed; advance; progress; travel; walk; journey; depart; exit; flee; make one’s way; clear out; get underway.

22. Give- grant; donate; hand-out; present; provide; deliver; hand over; offer; award; bestow; supply with; contribute to; send; entrust.

23. Get- acquire; obtain; receive; gain; earn; gather; collect; buy; purchase; attain; score; secure; take possession of; grab.

24. Easy- effortless; simple; clear; smooth; straightforward; uncomplicated; painless; accessible; apparent; basic; plain; child’s play; facile; elementary; cinch.

25. Fast- agile; brisk; rapid; nimble; swift; accelerated; fleeting; high-speed; active; dashing; winged; hurried; turbo.

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How to Start an Art Journal

Here are some hints and tips to help encourage and inspire you!

1. Buy a journal or sketchbook with blank white pages so you can express yourself freely without the constriction of lines. (Or if you prefer lined pages, that’s great too!) The thicker sketchbook pages are great for practice. If you don’t want to go through the trouble of buying a journal, printer paper works as a good canvas.

**Using cardboard behind your pages when painting is a good technique to help keep paint from leaking and helps it dry faster.**

2. Purchase some basic art supplies like watercolor paints, acrylic paints, spray paints, letter stencils, colored pencils, multicolored sharpies, Staetdler fineliner pens, etc… These supplies don’t have to be fancy and expensive to work. Take some time to figure out what you like to use and what effects you want to produce with your art.

**A lot of popular journaling techniques involve creating a watercolor background and a mixed media layered effect for their creations. But, this is about you! Get creative and experiment!**

3. Use words, quotes, images, mixed media, and simple and elaborate drawings to create personal pages that express who you are as an artist and writer.

**Get out of your comfort zone and draw things you wouldn’t normally draw. If you don’t like what you’re creating, give yourself time to grow and learn. It’s important to be patient with yourself and let go of your high expectations. Give yourself credit for trying and keep practicing! Don’t give up!**

4. To learn more about art journaling, you can always use Google for more information, look up tutorials on Youtube, check out books from your local library, or even take online art journaling classes. Some classes are even free! There are tons of resources for you to research.

**Don’t wait until the “time is right” or when the “inspiration hits you.” Dive right in and go for it!**

Some art journaling prompts:

1. Practice hand-lettering your favorite words. 2. Practice using calligraphy for your journal entries. 3. Draw your favorite silly emojis. 4. Draw symbols that hold significance to you. 5. Illustrate a cute scene from your favorite TV show. 6. Create your own comic book page inspired by a day in your life. 7. Make your own mandala and color it in. 8. Make a favorite quote page. 9. Fill an entire page with random doodles. 10. Dedicate a page to your fictional or irl crush. 11. Tape in photos from your favorite trip and add meaningful captions. 12. Illustrate a page on how to cheer yourself up when you’re upset. 13. Use stencils to create word art that describes how you feel right now. 14. Cut out your favorite adjectives from the newspaper. 15. Make a “Truths and Confessions” page to release some tension. 16. Color a page red. Write a long rant until your feel better. 17. Illustrate a monster that has scared you and confront it with words. 18. Create a page filled with characteristics of people you admire. 19. Cut out images from magazines that illustrate your dream life. 20. Use a waterbrush pen to write your favorite book quote. 21. Dedicate a page to your favorite band. 22. Doodle and write your favorite lyrics. 23. Write the words you want to say to someone important to you. 24. Sketch a character you’ve fallen in love with. 25. Create geometric or odd shapes. Make them flow together. 26. Use ink and colored pencil to outline your plans for the week. 27. Write a poem. It doesn’t have to rhyme. Let it come from the heart. 28. Write about the people, places, and things that inspire you. 29. Create a symbol that reflects your life. (Ex: zigzag= stressful) 30. Sketch or write a list of things you’re thankful for. 31. Make a favorite holiday page. 32. Make a page for your favorite personal photos. 33. Create a new identity for yourself. Illustrate your personality. 34. Illustrate a scene from a fairy tale or make up your own. 35. Draw a totally new character that represents your alter-ego. 36. Dedicate a page to your favorite colors. 37. Write one word that describes you well in big, bold letters. 38. Go outside. Draw the first object you see. 39. Write/illustrate your surroundings. 40. Create a page detailing your ideal peaceful environment. 41. Let the day’s weather inspire your pages. 42. Express whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. 43. Create a layered effect by using old letters, important notes, etc… 44. Create a personal mantra page. (Ex: “Live. Laugh. Love.”) 45. Doodle your favorite silly facial expressions. 46. Make a page dedicated to the places you want to travel to. 47. Draw your inner god/goddess. Name them. 48. Write about the talents you have and the talents you wish you had. 49. Create a “Good Memories” page to make yourself smile later on. 50. Draw a broken heart. Journal about your heartaches. 51. Draw yourself in your favorite clothes. 52. Illustrate your favorite place to write, read, study, etc… 53. Mod Podge old book pages to your journal page for a background. 54. Spray paint your favorite symbol on the page. 55. Journal about superpowers you wish you had. 56. List the things that make you laugh. 57. Draw your favorite plant or flower and explain why you like it. 58. Use a childhood experience to influence your journal page. 59. Draw a candle and write about how it symbolizes hope. 60. Journal about the habits you want to change. 61. Fill a journal page with compliments to yourself. 62. Create a venn diagram and compare/contrast yourself with a friend. 63. Write a “Note to Self” page. 64. Illustrate a favorite career page and how you want to make money. 65. Create a system of symbols that represent people, places, and things. 66. Make a page dedicated specially for your zodiac sign. 67. Illustrate your most embarrassing moment from last week. 68. Make a page of regrets and write about how you could fix them. 69. Draw a stack of books and illustrate your reading goal for the year. 70. Take a heart stencil and dab red paint inside the lines. Write about the things you love most in the world and why they’re worth living for. 71. Cut out stars from copy paper and glue them on the page to form your favorite constellation. 72. Draw a line. Name one point Start and the other one End. write about how you want to grow as a person throughout your life. 73. Stain your journal pages with a damp tea bag to give it an old parchment look. Once it’s dry, write a magic spell for your life. 74. Find your favorite poem and journal about why it inspires you. 75. Dedicate a page for things you’d tell your younger self. 76. Draw your favorite animal then fill it in with bright colors. 77. Use some of that old junk mail, glue it in, and paint over it. 78. Write a “Pet Peeves” page. Don’t stop writing until you feel better. 79. Write about your day and shape the sentences into a spiral. 80. Draw or write with your non-dominant hand and see what happens. 81. Paint a rainbow and write about what your pot of gold (a goal or a dream) would be on the other side. 82. Sketch a sunset and describe how to bring closure to your problems. 83. Tape multi-colored notecards or sticky notes in your journal. Jot down little positive reminders to yourself. 84. Use only acrylic paint and puff paint to doodle and write. 84. Journal about the wisest thing you’ve heard someone say to you. 85. Write about your addictions/obsessions. 86. Create a simple collage of things you dislike with magazines. 87. Illustrate a door opening and journal about your new opportunities. 88. Draw your ideal relaxing vacation. 89. Make a list of the places you’ve been today. 90. Tape in receipts of the special things you’ve bought. 91. Tape in ticket stubs of the movies you’ve seen this year. 92. Press leaves and flower petals onto the page. 93. Paint or draw old sayings like “The pen is mightier than the sword.” 94. Record a dream and draw a few people or places you saw in it. 95. Journal about your beliefs. 96. Create a new style/font of handwriting. 97. Use stickers and stamps to make a border around your page. Fill in the center by writing about your “stick-to-itiveness” or perseverence. 98. Draw you and your friends from an old photo and embellish the sketch with an inspiring/relatable quote. Capture the happy moments. 99. Use all the colors of your sharpie pens to write out your thoughts. 100. Make a page detailing all the things you want for your future.

Express yourself without fear. Remember journaling is all about you. This is your personal journey, so you don’t have an obligation to show anyone your creations.

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Shout out to anyone who’s struggling with their mental health and doesn’t think they can live like this for much longer; if you’re reading this, please stay alive, you’re still here and you’re so strong and i’m proud of you.

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