Every time I see that "bees and ants don't have human genders" thing I beat my head against something. No animal has human genders, guys. *NO* animal.
Sex is what gametes an animal produces, and phenotype is a way the animal's body develops (may or may not be sex-related). "Gender" isn't applicable because gender applies sheerly to human social roles. Animals can have sex-linked behaviors and sex-linked phenotypes, but neither is going to map to human gender.
That's not unique to eusocial insects. There are other animals with multiple phenotypes per sex (e.g. ruffs). There are animals with multiple phenotypes and, for the majority of them, no sex (e.g. trematodes). There are animals with one phenotype that is both sexes (e.g. snails). There are animals that have one phenotype per sex, but different individuals will have wildly different sex-linked behaviors (e.g. animals with satellite males). There are animals with two phenotypes that may not even be linked to the sexes (e.g. white-throated sparrows)!
And even among animals with one phenotype, one set of sex-linked behaviors per sex? They still don't have human gender roles. In emus, females are the larger, stronger ones who court and fight over the males. Even mammals with "typical" male and females behaviors have peculiar quirks that don't correspond to human behavior (in lions, hunting is a female's role, not a male's).
And let's not forget, the vast majority of animals are solitary. Their "gender roles," as expected of each other, begin and end with courtship. In all other respects, their behaviors are identical. Hell, most have nearly identical phenotypes, too! Your human "gender" does not apply to a cat!
To clarify, that doesn't mean there aren't animals that act contrarily to behavior typically linked to their sex. Freemartins are cows that act like bulls! But does the freemartin identify as a trans bull, or a butch cow? *That's* where human gender plays in.
