Gestalt is a psychology term which means "unified whole". It refers to theories of visual perception developed by German psychologists in the 1920s. Gestalt is also known as the "Law of Simplicity" or the "Law of Pragnanz" (the entire figure or configuration), which states that every stimulus is perceived in its most simple form.
These theories attempt to describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups or unified wholes to create harmony or structure from seemingly disconnected bits of information.
Proximity occurs when objects or shapes are placed close together to form groups, even if the shapes, sizes, and objects are radically different, they will appear as a group if they are close together. Proximity is also called "grouping", the principle concerns the effect generated when the collective presence of the set of elements becomes more meaningful than their presence as separate elements. It is to group unrelated elements to enhance their meaning and changes the visual and psychological meaning of the composition in non-verbal ways unrelated to their meaning which can create the illusion of shapes or planes in space, even if the elements are not touching.
Similarity occurs when objects look similar to one another in visual attributes such as lightness, color, size, orientation, or shape. People often perceive these repetitions and integrate them into group or pattern. Unity occurs because majority of images look similar with the others. When similarity occurs, a dissimilar object can be emphasized, and it is called anomaly.
Continuation occurs when the eye is compelled to move through one object and continue to another object. Continuity in the form of a line, an edge, or a direction from one form to another creates a fluid connection among compositional parts. It creates the image so that audience will follow the direction of an established pattern rather than deviate from it. The balance between continuity and proximity in the formation of salient sub-wholes may be shifted by varying similarity, which can be accomplished by coloring different branches differently.
Closure occurs when an object is incomplete or a space is not completely enclosed. It is the effect of suggesting a visual connection or continuity between sets of elements which do not actually touch each other in a composition. The satisfaction of a pattern encoded as it were into the brain triggers recognition of the stimulus. This can involve the brain's provision of missing details thought to be a part of a potential pattern, or once closure is achieved, the elimination of details unnecessary to establish a pattern match. The principle of closure applies when we tend to see complete figures even when part of the information is missing. Closure occurs when elements in a composition are aligned in such a way that the viewer perceives that "the information could be connected". Imaginary lines called vectors, or shapes called counter forms, are generated by these relationships, which the eye understands as part of the composition even though there is "nothing there”.
This principle shows our perceptual tendency to separate whole figures from their backgrounds based on one or more of a number of possible variables, such as contrast, color, size, etc. A simple composition may have only one figure. In a complex composition there will be several things to notice. As we look from one to another they each become figure in turn. Everything that is not figure is ground. As our attention shifts, the ground also shifts so that an object can go from figure to ground and then back.
Ground is sometimes thought of as background or negative space. Other times the relationship is unstable, meaning it is difficult to pick out the figure from the ground. Rarely, the relationship is ambiguous, meaning that the figure could be the ground or vice-versa.
Camouflage is the deliberate alteration of figure-ground so that the figure blends into the ground. Camouflage material may have a single color, or it may have several similarly colored patches mixed together. The reason for using this sort of pattern is that it is visually disruptive. The meandering lines of the mottled camouflage pattern help hide the contour, the outline of the body. When you look at a piece of mottled camouflage in a matching environment, your brain naturally "connects" the lines of the colored blotches with the lines of the trees, ground, leaves and shadows. This affects the way you perceive and recognize the object with that camouflage.
http://graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu/tutorials/process/gestaltprinciples/gestaltprinc.htm
http://facweb.cs.depaul.edu/sgrais/gestalt_principles.htm
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Gestalt_principles
titsay
dededos
kianamaiart
annaxmalina
vaporwave
turnnoffyourmind
izzy806