Making Connections: Topics Throughout History on the Web
In completing this small assignment, it does become readily apparent just how connected everything is in relation to digital history. Seemingly disparate topics have overarching themes at their core or share many similar concerns or accomplishments.
The Turkel, Kee, and Roberts article discusses the issue of traditional research methods and processes and their obsolete nature. As historians ourselves, we have frequently discussed the anxieties of “traditional” researchers in adapting to the digital age. In fact, in assembling information for my Spatial History Project, I found what would be considered “traditional” methods extremely arduous and thereby daunting. Historians of the past, according to Turkel et al., were accustomed to a “scarcity of information,” conducting extensive and time-consuming research and performing “human labour” in order to glean information and follow information trails. I, on the other hand, am used to sitting at home or in the library in relative comfort, clicking through a series of hyperlinks in order to efficiently gather and organize information. The only chase I give is through virtual rabbit holes and any resources I encounter can be easily saved and organized or their use and worth evaluated using a couple strategic word searches. I am so used to the convenience and speed that digital resources afford that having to do grunt work and actively seek out physical resources for examination proved very frustrating. The “scarcity of information” that I faced was an entirely new and uncomfortable phenomenon and it was the first time that I gave real thought to the struggles that those traditional academics must have faced before me. The rigor and dedication with which they must have approached their studies is truly lost on my generation as we can never fully appreciate the demands of such circumstances until we are “unplugged,” as it were.
Turkel, Kee, and Roberts also express anxieties that surround writing upon topics such as digital history for, given Moore’s Law, technology is increasing at an exponential rate, its capabilities constantly surpassing those years prior. This was an element at play that many of us noticed when reading and reviewing Ryan’s A History of the Internet and the Digital Future. The book, despite its titular assertion, seemed hesitant to delve into the future of the digital age, the author’s predictions only really materializing within the book’s final chapters. The rest of the monograph’s contents were dedicated to a lengthy and detailed historical overview of the Internet for there is comfort in retrospection, in the known facts. The future of digital history is rendered so complex by the medium’s constant shifts and developments that its discussion seems futile and is constantly frustrated. Herein lies many of the concerns for those seeking to engage the subject. Rather than see the possibility that such mutability engenders, historians, often rooted in tradition and with their noses buried in books, find the prospect of constant learning and adaptability daunting. We loudly proclaim that “we are computer illiterate” and therefore helpless in the face of the many digital tools at our disposal and are altogether reluctant to “embrace alternatives.” However, we would not have to face such novelty alone for, as per our discussions surrounding GIS systems, historians could work in tandem with those specializing in technology, coding, etc. in order to create a collaborative and successful enterprise. Through such interactions, we may also learn and grow as researchers and historians, incorporating different techniques into our arsenal of tools and techniques.
Both Turkel et al. and Maidment discuss the impossibility of a total, comprehensive history. In this age of ever-increasing information available at one’s fingertips, one may never conduct a holistic literature review or tackle every document or treatise upon their subject of study. Any attempt to do so would be continuous and unconducive to any publications. Turkel et al. propose instead that researchers maintain a sense of “humility” while not allowing this understanding to deter their constant “curiosity.” As a historian of the digital age, I know that I can relate to this struggle. I have conducted research for many a paper and have been simply overwhelmed by the search results that pertain to my subject matter. It is impossible to read all these sources given time constraints and other demands but selectively choosing a handful feels like missing out on crucial information and thus composing a lackluster paper. The potential is there for more and it is extremely frustrating. I think Wikipedia is a testament to the fluid nature of information. Its constant edits and impassioned discussions prove that one can be constantly learning if not due to an influx of new information than as a result of being exposed to different interpretations of the same events or circumstances.
Maidment explores the concept a total history further, stating that, conversely, “plenitude” can be “mistak[en] for comprehensiveness, or even representativeness. Oftentimes, we take what we read to be fact on the internet, simply because one has amassed a great amount of information or is acting as the sole source of interpretation within the digital realm. This is often the case with web collections. As a class, we questioned the motives behind those sites sponsored by organizations or individuals. We recognized that information can be selectively presented to suit certain needs and that the absent facts, unless their lack is questioned, can remain forever obscured.
Turkel et al. also allude to the necessity of working with others and sharing information, central tenets of the Digital Humanities Manifesto. Interestingly enough, these authors introduce the concept of Alternate Reality Games (ARG) in relation to digital learning and collaboration. It is interesting that, despite the prevalence of online gaming in the digital age, this seems to be the first reference made to the popular media’s potential in relation to digital history and future studies in the humanities (beyond, perhaps, Ryan’s reference to the hackers within the hacker culture that helped found the internet and its principles) within our course’s discussions.
Maidment explores the notion of images comprising their own history and constructing historical meaning. Images are themselves mediated and highly nuanced resources yet they are often delegated to “supplementary” status rather than worthy of study in their own right. When we took the time in class to view different research websites, the most popular one, by far, was that which relied heavily upon visual elements. If anything, this is a testament to the power that visual resources possess for they engage a learning style that historians are often unaware that they highly enjoy, given their often strict focus upon purely textual works.
Conversely, images can lose their “aura” when digitized, paratextual materials ignored or overlooked due to specific research needs or simply a lack of appreciation of their worth. I noticed that Salvy Trojman was very emphatic in his insistence that every page of the texts digitized for the Gale Digital Collections was included, be it blank or containing illegible chicken scratch. Unless all companies and organizations are as diligent in their digitizations and subsequent tagging, important information can be lost or overlooked and the essence of the text compromised.
Both chapters also discuss the importance of metadata in helping to sort and make accessible digital information to those perusing digital contents. While the digitization of resources tackles issues such as preservation, a great concern with regard to those texts composed upon fragile and old paper, Maidment fails to address the future ramifications of such digitization. As discussed within the readings on digital curation, these digital copies require similar maintenance into the future else they too fade into obscurity or disrepair. Thus, they are vulnerable as well.
In closing, as proven by this course, historians are capable of negotiating the digital landscape. Yes, there were a fair share of trials and tribulations (I’m looking at you buildingstories.co), but the students in this class ultimately navigated and often embraced new media and methodologies. I find the future of digital humanities to be very exciting and I know that the skills that I learned or am still working to develop in this class will be invaluable to my future studies as well as my intended career, if only by offering me a new perspective and showing me the possibilities that the digital world has to offer.