Immunology Now

Information about the human immune system and its inner workings.

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Cells of the Immune System 

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Mast Cells and Eosinophils

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HIV/AIDS

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T-Cells

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B-Cells

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Type 1 Diabetes

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Neurotensin and Its Receptors in B Cells: Implications for Chronic B Cell Lymphocytic Leukemia

A study by Sofiane Saada and colleagues from the University of Limoges, Limoges, France, is the first to report the expression of neurotensin and its high NTSR1 and low NTSR2-affinity receptors in human B cell lines, primary malignant B cells from chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients and healthy peripheral B cells.

The over-expression in CLL B cells supports the hypothesis that NTSR2 could be involved in the apoptotic defect characteristic of the disease. Previous research indicates that NTSR2 and NTSR3 neurotensin receptors are crucial for the anti-apoptotic effect of neurotensin on pancreatic beta-TC3 cells.

Read More: BrainImmune.com Source: Journal of Immunology

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B-Cell

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T-Cell Maturation 

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Organs of The Immune System

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Dendritic cells are arguably the most potent antigen-presenting cells and may be the only cells capable of initiating the adaptive immune response. The epithelial residents of dendritic cells are Langerhans cells, which serve as the “sentinels” of the mucosa, altering the immune system not only to pathogen entry but also of tolerance to self antigen and commensal microbes. Oral mucosal Langerhans cells are capable of engaging and internalizing a wide variety of pathogens and have been found responsive to nickel in patients with nickel allergies, oral Candida species, oral lichen planus, lichenoid drug eruptions, graft versus host diseases, periodontal diseases median rhomboid glossitis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, hairy leukoplakia of the tongue, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Review focuses on the role of antigen-presenting cells in particular Langerhans cells to better understand the mechanisms underlying immune responses. In this review, comprehensive detail about mucosal diseases has been compiled using the PubMed database and through textbooks.

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Mucosal Immunology is the official publication of the Society of Mucosal Immunology (SMI). It aims to provide a forum for both basic and clinical scientists to discuss all aspects of immunity and inflammation involving mucosal tissues. The journal reflects the interests of scientists studying gastrointestinal, pulmonary, nasopharyngeal, oral, ocular, and genitourinary immunology through the publication of original research articles, scholarly reviews, and timely commentaries, editorials and letters.

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Senescence is a normal biological process that occurs in all organisms and involves a decline in cell functions. This process is caused by molecular regulatory machinery alterations, and it is closely related to telomere erosion in chromosomes. In the context of the immune system, this phenomenon is known as immunosenescence and refers to the immune function deregulation. Therefore, functions of several cells involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses are severely compromised with age progression (e.g., changes in lymphocyte subsets, decreased proliferative responses, chronic inflammatory states, etc.). These alterations make elderly individuals prone to not only infectious diseases but also to malignancy and autoimmunity. This review will explore the molecular aspects of processes related to cell aging, their importance in the context of the immune system, and their participation in elderly SLE patients.

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Immune System - Natural Killer Cell