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Electromechanical Relay Types, Construction, Operation, and Uses

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Types of Interlocks in the Process Industry

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What is a Relay and Types of Relays?

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Types of Sensors

Sensors in instrumentation can be categorized based on various criteria. Different applications require monitoring or control of specific physical quantities. For instance, in industrial processes, monitoring variables like temperature, pressure, flow rate, and level is crucial. Following are the categories of the sensors. 1. Based on Measured Quantity The sensors based on the measured…

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Common Errors in Measuring Instrument Calibration: Zero, Span, Linearity, and Hysteresis.

Instrument calibration is a procedure that certifies the measurement obtained by an instrument is compatible with what is expected and is suitable for use, to avoid deviations in the analysis processes and reduce costs. In general, it comprises comparing the results obtained by the instruments with those obtained by standards, under pre-established and controlled conditions. During calibration, a…

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What is a Submersible Pump? Principles, Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Submersible pumps, as the name indicates, are pumps that work completely submerged in a liquid. The motor, which is coupled inside the pump body, is hermetically sealed, so that water enters it. A submersible pump is a device that works under the liquid to be pumped since it allows the creation of a significant force. The pump is very easy to use since it only has to be placed under the liquid…

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What are the Types of Test signals?

For many practical control processes, the input drives are unknown in advance, unlike electrical circuits and communication systems. In many cases, the actual inputs to a control system generally can vary randomly with respect to time. A designer faces a challenge since it is difficult to design a control process that works satisfactorily with any type of input signal. Purpose of Test…

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Types of wear to which a Control Valve is exposed

In the study of failure analysis, it is necessary to have a detailed knowledge of the wear mechanisms since the detachment of material from a mechanical component can vary remarkably, from very intense to insignificant; which means a total loss of efficiency and/or complete utility of the item. The wear mechanisms that affect the valves and the valves in general mechanical elements, can be…

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#Abrasion #control valve #Corrosion #Erosion in contol valve #impact of solid and liquid particles #wear in control valve

What is Rotameter? Principle, Classification, Advantages, and Disadvantages.

Description of Rotameter Rotameter is also called a variable area flowmeter. It is a type of flowmeter that measures flow rate or volumetric flow rate. It is defined as the amount of flow per unit of time that circulates through a section of a tube. The rotameter is a conical tube, usually made of glass, metal, or plastic. A piece inside is called a float that moves vertically up and down…

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How does a solenoid valve work? Operating Principle, Types

We can define a solenoid valve as a device that has the purpose of controlling the flow of liquids or gases that is electrically actuated and can also be installed in remote or difficult-to-access places. The solenoid valves can be subjected to hostile working conditions. It can be controlled by simple electrical switches. It can also be controlled by devices like thermostatic, float,…

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Directional Control valves, Difference between Bistable and Monostable Valves

Directional control valves are those which change the flow of compressed air that goes to the cylinders, pneumatic valve actuators, etc., By switching, opening, or closing their internal connections, they control compressed air passage. It allows control of the inlet and outlet of a cylinder, the opening or closing of a pneumatic clamp, or the rotation of a rotary actuator. Types of directional…

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Proportional and integral actions can be combined with derivative action to compensate for a process that has a slow response. The PID control is the most complex of the control modes. Depending on…

(via Roles and Responsibilities of an Instrumentation and Control Engineer)

Roles and Responsibilities of an Instrumentation and Control Engineer

It is the responsibility of the Instrumentation and Control Engineer for defining and applying the field instrumentation and the control system, level of automation of the process plants, and industrial facilities, for the proper functioning of the process. Greater attention required to be paid on the safety for the equipment and people, and with the minimum cost. Generally, an instrumentation…

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What is 1oo1,1oo2, 2oo2, and 2oo3 voting?

It is a typical Safety Instrumented Function (SIF) Solution.What is the best method to determine the safety architecture?It is the fault tolerance of various components that determines the architecture of an safety instrumented function (SIF). It is possible to achieve a higher level of safety by utilizing the system redundancy.The number of devices will depend on the reliability of each…

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Difference between the Pressure Gauge with glycerin and without glycerin?

Why the Pressure Gauge that has liquid inside is oil or what exactly? That liquid is glycerin, and the Pressure Gauge must have a type with glycerin and a type without glycerin. Everything has its cause and effect. A pressure gauge with glycerin is good or bad. What kind of work is it suitable for? How does it apply to work? Glycerin is a type of viscous liquid that has no smell, color,…

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(via What is SCADA system (Supervisory, Control And Data Acquisition))

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