Can you please tell me the difference between ์๊ฒ,์๊ฒ์,ํํ
, ํํ
์ and ๊ป ?
Korean Particles (to) ์๊ฒ/ํํ
/๊ป
These three particles can all be used to indicate that you are doing (usually giving) something TO somebody. ์๊ฒ, ํํ
and ๊ป all have the same meaning, but ~ํํ
is usually used in conversation, ~์๊ฒ is usually written (although it is still said in conversation very often) and ~๊ป is used when the person you are giving something to requires respect (๊ป is the honorific form of ์๊ฒ/ํํ
).
์๋ฒ์ง๋ ์๋ค์๊ฒ ๋์ ์ค๋ค = The father gives money to his son๋๋ ํ์๋คํํ
ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์ณค์ด = I taught Korean to the students์ ๋ ๋ถ์ฅ๋์๊ฒ ๊ทธ ์ฌ์ค์ ๋งํ ๊ฑฐ์์ = I will tell that (fact) to my boss
Note that just because you use ๊ป doesnโt mean that your sentence needs to end in a polite way. ๊ป is used when the person who is being given is of high importance, regardless of who you are talking to. For example, if I was a teacher, talking to my student, talking about something being given TO the principal, I could say:
๋๋ ์ฑ
์ ๊ต์ฅ์ ์๋๊ป ์คฌ์ด = I gave the principal a bookNote here that there is actually an honorific word for โ์ฃผ๋ค,โ which is โ๋๋ฆฌ๋ค.โ You have not learned about these honorific words, so I have not used it in this sentence. I will introduce these in Lesson 39.
Korean Particles (from): ~์๊ฒ์/ํํ
์/(์ผ)๋ก๋ถํฐ
You learned in Lesson 12 that ~์์ can be used to mean โfromโ in a wide variety of situations. ~์๊ฒ์/ํํ
์ can also have the translation of โfrom,โ but they are used in a more restricted way.
~์๊ฒ์/ํํ
์ has the meaning that is opposite of ~์๊ฒ/ํํ
/๊ป, which means it is used when somebody receives something from somebody. These particles are attached to the person from whom one receives something from. For example:
๋๋ ๋์ ์ฌ์์น๊ตฌ์๊ฒ์ ํธ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ด = I received a letter from my girlfriend
The โthingโ that is being received doesnโt need to be something physical. It could be something abstract like stories, explanations, or other things. For example:
์ ๋ ๊ต๊ฐ์ ์๋์๊ฒ์ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์ = I learned Korean from my vice principal์ ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ฒ์ ์น๊ตฌํํ
์ ๋ค์์ด์ = I heard that from my friend
A very similar particle is ~(์ผ)๋ก๋ถํฐ. This particle can also be attached to the person from whom one receives something from. For example:
๋๋ ๋์ ์ฌ์์น๊ตฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ํธ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์์ด = I received a letter from my girlfriend์ ๋ ๊ต๊ฐ์ ์๋์ผ๋ก๋ถํฐ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์ = I learned Korean from my vice principal์ ๋ ๊ทธ ๊ฒ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ค์์ด์ = I heard that from my friend์ ๋ ์น๊ตฌ๋ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ฌ๋์ ๋ง์ด ๋ฐ์์ด์ = I received a lot of love from friends์๋ฒ์ง๋ก๋ถํฐ ์ ๋ฌผ์ด ์์ด์ = A present came from my father
~(์ผ)๋ก๋ถํฐ can also be used when receiving something from a non-person thing (a company/the government/etc). For example:
๋๋ ๋์ ์ ๋ถ๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ฐ์์ด = I received money from the government (the recording incorrectly says โ๋ฐ์์ด์โ)์ด ๊ฒ์ ํ๋๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ฐ์์ด์ = I received this from the sky
However, you cannot use ~์๊ฒ์/~ํํ
์ to indicate that you received something from a non-person.
To summarize, ~(์ผ)๋ก๋ถํฐ can be used to indicate that one receives something from a person or non-person. ~์๊ฒ์ and ~ํํ
์ have a similar meaning, but can only be used when one receives something from a person.
Source: (howtostudykorean.com)