Contraception Guide: Which One is Right For You?
Contraception or birth control is used to avoid unwanted pregnancies while being sexually active. In some cases, contraception also serves as a way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Understanding what the different methods of contraception are can help you choose the best option that aligns with your lifestyle, health conditions, and family planning goals.
Here, we have provided details about the different types of contraception. These are divided into several categories, such as hormonal intake, barrier methods, intrauterine devices (IUDs), fertility awareness methods, and permanent contraception.
Hormonal Methods of Contraception
Hormonal methods are among the most widely used forms of contraceptives to prevent pregnancy. These methods work by altering the body’s hormone levels to prevent ovulation. Hormonal contraceptives either thicken cervical mucus or reduce the thickness of the uterine lining, making it difficult for sperm to fertilise an egg.
Types of hormonal contraceptives include:
These are available in combination (estrogen and progestin) or progestin-only forms. To avoid pregnancy, women must take these pills daily. They are about 93% effective with typical use but can be 99% effective if consistently taken at the correct time daily.
Contraceptive patches can be attached to the skin and have a needle that releases hormones into the bloodstream. These patches are worn for a week at a time. Like the pill, patches are around 93% effective for preventing pregnancies.
These are flexible rings inserted into the vagina. The rings release hormones over three weeks, with a week off for menstruation. They are also 93% effective in reducing pregnancy chances.
Depo-Provera is a common hormonal injection that provides birth control for three months at a time. The injected method of contraception has an efficacy of nearly 96%.
In this method, a small rod is inserted under the skin of the upper arm of a woman. This rod releases progestin, offering up to three years of protection and is over 99% effective.
To take any of the hormonal contraceptives, people must consult with their healthcare provider and follow their advice.
Barrier Methods of Contraception
Barrier methods prevent sperm from reaching the egg. This way, they act as a physical or chemical barrier during intercourse. Barrier methods are also helpful in preventing STIs. Most popular barrier contraceptives include the following:
Condoms are used by both males and females. Besides preventing pregnancies, condoms also offer the added benefit of protecting against STIs. When used correctly, condoms are 85% effective.
Diaphragms and Cervical Caps
These are cup-shaped devices placed inside the vagina to cover the cervix. For better effectiveness, both diaphragms and cervical caps can be used with spermicide, which is a gel that prevents the sperm from reaching the eggs.
Sponges are inserted into the vagina before intercourse. They contain spermicide gel that prevents sperm from getting to the egg. Spermicides can be used alone or with other barrier methods.
Intrauterine Devices (IUDs) for Contraception
IUDs are small, T-shaped devices inserted into the uterus by a healthcare provider. They come in two types:
Hormonal IUDs: These release progestin, preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. They can last between 3 to 7 years, with over 99% effectiveness.
Non-Hormonal (Copper) IUDs: These use copper, which is toxic to sperm, preventing fertilisation. They can last up to 12 years and are over 99% effective.
IUDs are highly effective and low-maintenance but may cause side effects like cramping and irregular bleeding after insertion. Therefore, it is crucial to know the pros and cons before choosing them as contraceptive methods.
Fertility Awareness Methods as Contraception
Fertility awareness-based methods (FABMs) involve tracking menstrual cycles to identify fertile days and avoiding unprotected intercourse during this time. Methods include:
Basal Body Temperature Method: Tracking body temperature changes to predict ovulation. During ovulation, the basal body temperature of women goes up to 97-99 F.
Cervical Mucus Method: Monitoring changes in cervical mucus throughout the cycle is another way to identify ovulation. The vaginal discharge tends to get slippery and more clear during ovulation. This way, women can predict their most fertile days and avoid unprotected intercourse during that time.
Calendar Method: Calculating fertile days based on previous menstrual cycles. Most women with a regular menstrual cycle get ovulation on the 14th day of each cycle.
FABMs require diligent tracking and are less effective than other methods, with effectiveness ranging from 77% to 98%.
Permanent contraception is a surgical option for those who are certain they do not want future pregnancies. This includes the following:
Vasectomy: A procedure for males that involves cutting or blocking the tubes that carry sperm. This is a reversible procedure, where men need to undergo surgery to reconnect the tubes to facilitate the flow of sperm.
Tubal Ligation: It is a procedure for females that involves cutting or blocking the fallopian tubes. Reversal of tubal ligation is not always possible due to damage to tubes.
Choosing the right contraceptive method is a personal decision that should involve careful consideration of your health, lifestyle, and future family plans. No single method is perfect for everyone, and consulting with a healthcare provider can help you make an informed choice that aligns with your needs.
Whether you’re looking for long-term protection, a temporary solution, or a non-hormonal option, understanding the different methods available can empower you to take control of your reproductive health.
Book a consultation with the best doctors at Udaan to get personalised guidance and support to choose the most suitable contraceptive method.