Neurons & Nutrition

determined failure

[neuronsandnutrition]

I'm crying while taking these self tests because apparently I do know things

[ruhua-langblr]

Language Apps Suck, Now What?: A Guide to Actually Becoming "Fluent"

The much requested sequel to my DL post that was promised almost a year ago.

I'm going to address all of the techniques that have helped me in my language learning journeys. Since 95% of these came from the fact that in a past language learning mistake, they are titled as my mistakes (and how I would/did things differently going forward). For those that read to the bottom there is a "best universal resources" list.

Disclaimers:

"Fluency" is hard to define and everyone has their own goals. So for the purpose of this post, "fluency" will be defined as "your personal mastery target of the language".

If you just want to pick up a bit of a language to not sound like a total foreigner on vacation or just exchange a few words in a friend's native language, feel free to ignore what doesn't apply, but maybe something here could help make it a little easier.

This is based on my own personal experience and (some) research.

Mistake 1: Asymmetrical Studying

Assuming you don't just want to do a single activity in a language, or are learning a language like ASL, a language requires 4 parts to be studied: Speaking, Listening, Writing, Reading. While these have overlap, you can't learn speaking from reading, or even learn speaking from just listening. One of my first Chinese teachers told me how he would listen to the textbook dialogues while he was biking to classes and it helped him. I took this information, thought "Yeah that's an idea, but sounds boring" and now regret not taking his advice nearly every day.

I think a lot of us find methods we enjoy to study (mine was reading) and assume that if we just do that method more ™ it will eventually help us in other areas (sometimes it does, but that's only sometimes). Find a method that works for you for each area of study, even better find more than one method since we use these skills in a variety of manners! I can understand a TV program pretty well since I have a lot of context clues and body language to fill in any gaps of understanding, but taking a phone call is much harder—the audio is rougher, there's no body language to read, and since most Chinese programs have hard coded subtitles, no subtitles to fall back on either. If I were to compare the number of hours I spent reading in Chinese to (actively) training my listening? Probably a ratio of 100 to 1. When I started to learn Korean, the first thing I did was find a variety of listening resources for my level.

Fix: Find a variety of study methods that challenge all aspects of the language in different ways.

A variety of methods will help you develop a more well-rounded level of mastery, and probably help you keep from getting bored. Which is important because...

Mistake 2: Inconsistent Studying

If there is one positive to a language app, it is the pressure it puts on keeping a streak. Making studying a part of your everyday routine is the best thing you can do. I benefited a lot from taking a college language course since I had a dedicated time to study and practice Chinese 5 days out of the week (and homework usually filled the other two). Memorization is a huge part of language learning, and stopping and starting is terrible for memorization. When I was in elementary school, we had Spanish maybe a couple times a month. Looking back, it seems like it was the first class to be cut if we needed to catch up on a more important course. Needless to say, I can't even speak Spanish at an elementary level.

However, I'm sure many people reading this don't have the time to do ultra-immersion 4-hour study sessions every day either. Find what days during the week you have time to focus on learning new vocab and grammar, and use the rest of the week to review. This can be done on your commute to school/work, while you do the dishes, or as a part of your morning/evening routine. Making this as realistic as possible will help you actually succeed in making this a habit. (Check this out for how to set realistic study goals)

Fix: Study regularly (ideally daily) by setting realistic goals. Avoid "binge" studying since remembering requires consistent repetition to be most effective.

Mistake 3: Resource Choice

This is really composed of two mistakes, but I have a good example that will cover them both.

First, finding resources that are at or slightly above your level is the most important thing. Easy resources will not challenge you enough and difficult resources will overwhelm you. The ideal is n+1, with n as what you know plus 1 new thing.

Second, getting distracted by fancy, new technology. Newer isn't always better, and there are often advantages that are lost when we've made technological developments. I often found myself wanting to try out new browser extensions or organizational methods and honestly I would've benefitted from just using that time to study. (Also, you're probably reading this because of my DL post so I don't think it has to be said that AI resources suck.)

A good example of this was my time using Clozemaster. I had actually recommended it when I first started using it since I thought the foundation was really solid. However, after long term use, I found that it just wasn't a good fit. The sentences were often too simple or too long and strange for memorization at higher levels or were too difficult at lower levels. I think that taking my textbook's example sentences from dialogues into something like Anki would've been a far better use of my time (and money) as they were already designed to be at that n+1 level.

Fix: "Vet" your resources—make sure they will actually help you. If something is working for you, then keep using it! You don't always have to upgrade to the newest tool/method.

Mistake 3.5: Classrooms and Textbooks

A .5 since it's not my mistake, but an addendum of caution. I think there is a significant part of the language learning community that views textbooks and classroom learning as the worst possible resource. They are "boring", "outdated", and "ineffective" (ironically one of the most interesting modern language learning methods, ALG, is only done in a classroom setting). Classrooms and textbooks bring back memories of being surrounded by mostly uninterested classmates, minimal priority, and a focus on grades rather than personal achievement (imagine the difference between a class of middle schoolers who were forced to choose a foreign language vs. adult learners who self-selected!) People have used these exact methods, or even "cruder" methods, to successfully learn a language. It all comes down to what works best for you. I specifically recommend textbooks for learning grammar and the plentiful number of dialogues and written passages that can function great as graded readers and listening resources. (Also the distinction made between "a youtube lesson on a grammatical principle" which is totally cool, and "a passage in a grammar textbook" is more one of tone and audio/written than efficacy).

Classrooms can be really great for speaking practice since they can be a lot less intimidating speaking to someone who is also learning while receiving corrections. Speech can be awkward to train on your own (not impossible if you're good at just talking aloud to yourself!), and classrooms can work nicely for this. Homework and class schedules also have built in accountability!

Fix: Explore resources available to you and try to think holistically about your approach. CI+Traditional Methods is my go to "Learning Cocktail"

Mistake 4: Yes, Immersion, But...

I realized this relatively quickly while learning Chinese, but immersion at a level much higher than your current level will do very little for you. What is sometimes left out of those "Just watch anime to learn Japanese" discussions is that you first need to have a chance at understanding what is being said. Choosing materials that are much higher than your level will not teach you the language. It doesn't matter how many times someone at HSK 1 hears “他是甘露之惠，我并无此水可还”, they will not get very far. Actual deduction and learning comes from having enough familiar components to be able to make deductions—something different than guessing. An HSK 1 learner, never having heard the word 老虎 will be able to understand "tiger" if someone says “这是我的老虎” while standing next to a tiger. This is not to say you can never try something more difficult—things should be challenging—but if you can't make heads or tails of what's being said, then it's time to find something a bit easier. If mistake 2 is about the type of method, this is about the level. If you wouldn't give a kindergartener The Great Gatsby to learn how to read, why would you watch Full Metal Alchemist to start learning a language?

Side note: Interesting video here on the Comprehensible Input hypothesis and how it relates to neurodivergence.

Fix: Immerse yourself in appropriate content for your level. It's called comprehensible input for a reason.

Mistake 5: On Translation

I work as a translator, so do you really think I'm going to say translation is all bad? Of course not. It's a separate skill that can be added on to the basic skills, but is really only required if you are A. someone who is an intermediary between two languages (say you have to translate for a spouse or family member) or B. It is your job/hobby. In the context of sitting down and learning, it can be harmful. I think my brain often goes to translation too often because that's how I used to learn. Trying to unlearn that is difficult because, well, what do people even mean when they say "don't translate"? They mean when someone says "thank you", you should not go to your primary language and translate "you're welcome" from that. You should train yourself to go to your target language first when you hear the word for "thank you". A very literally translated "thank you" in Chinese "谢谢你" can come off as cold and sarcastic. I don't tell my friends that, I say "谢啦～". Direct translation can take away the difference in culture, grammar, and politeness in a language. If there is a reason you sound awkward while writing and speaking, it's probably because you're imposing your primary language on your target language.

Fix: Try as hard as you can to not work from your primary language into the target language, but to work from the structures, set phrases, and grammar within the target language that you know first.

Mistake 6: The Secret Language Learners Don't Want You To Know...

...is that there is no one easy method. You are not going to learn French while you sleep, or master Korean by doing this one easy trick. Learning a language requires work and dedication, the people that succeed are those that push through the boredom of repetition and failure. The "I learned X in 1 year/month/week/day!" crowd is hiding large asterisks, be it their actual level, the assistance and free time available to them, "well actually I had already studied this for 4 years", or just straight-up lying. Our own journeys in our native tongue were not easy, they required years and years of constant immersion and instruction. While we are now older and wiser people that can make quick connections, we are also burdened with things like "jobs", "house work", "school work", and the digital black hole that is "social media" that take up our time and energy. Everything above is to help make this journey a little bit easier, quicker, and painless, but it will never be magic.

I find that language learning has a lot in common with the fitness community. People will talk about the workout that changed their life and how no other one will do the same—and it really can be the truth that it changed their life and that they feel it is the ultimate way. The real workout that will change your life is the one you're most consistent with, that you enjoy the most. Language learning is just trying to find the brain exercise that you can be the most consistent with.

Fix: Save your energy looking for shortcuts, and do the work, fail, and come back for more. If someone tells you that you can become fluent in a ridiculously short amount of time, they are selling you a fantasy (and likely a product). You get out what you put in.

For those that made it to the end, here are some of my "universal resources":

Refold Method: I don't agree with their actual method 100%, but they've collected a lot of great resources for learning languages. I've found their Chinese and Korean discords to also be really helpful and provided even more resources than what's given in their starter guides.

Language Reactor: Very useful, and have recently added podcasts as a material! The free version is honestly all you need.

Anki: If I do not mention it, the people with 4+ year streaks with a 5K word deck will not let me forget it. It can be used on desktop or on your phone as an app. If you need a replacement for a language learning app, this is one of them. Justin Sung has a lot of great info on how to best utilize Anki (as does Refold). It's not my favorite, but it could be yours!

LingQ: "But I thought you said language apps are bad!" In isolation, yes. Sorry for the clickbait. This one is pretty good, and more interested in immersing you in the language than selling a subscription to allow you to freeze your streak so the number goes up.

Grammar Textbooks: For self-taught learning, these are going to be the best resource since it's focused on the hardest part of the language, and only that. If you're tired of seeing group work activities, look for a textbook that is just on grammar (Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar is my rec for Chinese, and A Guide to Japanese Grammar by Tae Kim is the most common/enthusiastic rec I've heard for Japanese).

Shadowing: Simply repeat what you hear. Matt vs Japan talks about his setup here for optimized shadowing (which you can probably build for a lot cheaper now), but it can also just be you watching a video and pausing to repeat after each sentence or near simultaneously if you're able.

Youtube: Be it "Short Story for Beginners", "How to use X", "250 Essential Phrases", or a GRWM in your target language, Youtube is the best. Sometimes you have to dig to find what works for you, but I imagine there is something for everyone at every level. (Pro tip: People upload textbook audio dialogues often, you don't even have to buy the textbook to be able to learn from it!)

A Friend: Be it a fellow learner, or someone who has already mastered the language, it is easier when you have someone, not only to speak to, but to remind you why you're doing this. I write far more in Chinese because I have friends I can text in Chinese.

Pen and Paper: Study after study, writing on paper continues to be the best method for memorization. Typing or using a pen and tablet still can't compare to traditional methods.

The Replies (Probably): Lots of people were happy to give alternatives for specific languages in the replies of my DL post. The community here is pretty active, so if this post blows up at least 20% of what the last one did, you might be able to find some great stuff in the replies and reblogs.

I wish you all the best~

[nowtoboldlygo]

spanish resource lists for learners

a list of lists!! levels are estimated.

refold has a crowdsourced resource list for spanish, curated & with notes | A1 to C2

dreamingspanish on reddit has a crowdsourced spreadsheet with over 90 channels geared towards learners | A1 to C2

learn natively has a huge deck of spanish books sorted by difficulty by learners | A1 to C2

prensa escrita has a list of news websites sorted by country & sometimes city | B1 to C1 probably

the CI wiki has an editable list of CI resources and a couple of native content links | A1 to like B2?

comprehensible hub has tons of spanish podcasts for learners | A1 to B2

letterboxd has a ton of very fun #español lists, e.g. movies mentioned in the wild project podcast, latin american female directors, made in puerto rico | ~B2 to C2

there are also a ton of moocs in spanish for intermediate to advanced learners (moocs are online courses, usually free) | B1 to C2

[alexisc-art]

“The walls speak to me. They tell me secrets. Don’t listen to them, press your hands against your ears, Noemí. There are ghosts. They’re real. You’ll see them eventually.”

MEXICAN GOTHIC by Silvia Moreno Garcia

[libraford]

Me: oh yeah, if you think school photography is hard now, try imagining doing this with film.

The new girl: what's film?

Me: ... film. Like... film that goes in a film camera.

New girl: what's that mean?

Me: ... before cameras were digital.

New girl: how did you do it before digital?

Me:... with film? I haven't had enough coffee for this conversation

[libraford]

New girl: I need you to show me how to format the usb.

Me: format?

New girl: yeah what do I do?

Me: you... put the usb in. Then you make a new folder on it and rename it with (name, date, location)

New girl: but how do I do that?

Me: ... they dont... teach you this anymore, do they?

[traegorn]

The lack of computer skills is becoming a problem. Like there was a period of time where the older workers in office jobs had to be brought up to speed on computers, but now a lot of the newer workers have the issue too.

There's a lot of assumed technical literacy because we had a whole generation brought up on desktop computers, but now it's one that was brought up on phones, tablets, and chromebooks. Phones are easier to use, but that means the users have never had to work around the daily problems presented by most desktop environments.

But our systems are still set up assuming the kids are "digital natives" who just already know this stuff. So no one teaches them. So a new employee walks into the office... and they just don't.

[particularj]

30-something here. And this is frightening for a few reasons.

Much of the back-end architecture will soon be more difficult to maintain, as those with the expertise retire or when the one guy volunteering to update a niche corner of some minute software function that holds up 1/4 of the computer world dies.

While products are made to be “easier to use” now, which has made them more accessible, they aren’t made to last, contributing to tech pollution / e-waste. Many consumers don’t know how to upgrade or repair their own tech…if they are upgradeable.

Which brings me to my next point.

I bought a new low end laptop recently. Not chrome book, but actual Windows PC laptop. I haven’t had a personal computer for a while and with a lot of expectation to “return to the office” because COVID’s over, right? *heavy eye roll*, I wanted something cheap and portable. I found a deal because a lot of low end laptops are being discounted because school children aren’t remote now. I was actually looking for refurbished but found what I wanted cheaper new, sadly.

Finding one that I knew would run the software I needed or that wouldn’t be bogged down just with Windows? A challenge. You’ve got to know what RAM, HDD vs eMMC vs SSD, cores, age of processors, and all those specs mean.

Finding one that wasn’t Windows in “S mode,” a bullshit mode that locks you into the Windows app / store for ALL software (where they take a cut of each purchase)? Even more challenging.

When I booted it up…I imagine most people just click yes through things because why not, just want to get right to it, right?

The amount of privileges I had to decline because of targeted data collection, for ad preferences and other nefarious reasons; the number of easy-to-miss “no thanks” options to decline enrollment in bloatware; the number of things that wanted me to launch the free trial, where they could automatically enroll me into a monthly PAID subscription and could report failure to add a credit card to pay for it to credit agencies (!); many of these presented as the “recommended” or default option… ASTOUNDING.

And then I still had to go into system settings and turn off additional data tracking that they didn’t even present during set-up, along with bloatware bullshit programs they wanted to always run at start-up. Because I knew where to go and find that stuff. Don’t even get me starting on fucking Cortana.

Technology has gotten bad. Even 10 years ago, it was a couple simple agreements not to pirate, using software at your own risk, etc. and that was it.

Now? Waiving rights, arbitration, hidden terms that could leave you owing money if you don’t uninstall it, data collection to link accounts and literally track every move / your exact location / your usage, attempts to personalize ads through your specific searches, inability to block cookies unless you download a Google app!?, four pop ups for every website, as the default?

It is scary how much tech that was designed to increase productivity and make life easier has become yet another way for corporations to track us, sell to us, and sell their data on us, even potentially incriminating us.

Oh, and heaven forbid you know what you’re doing and try to upgrade or repair your equipment yourself. Warranty voiding? Should be illegal, may be illegal in some areas, but they still tell you it’ll void your warranty. Good luck finding the parts. Using non-OEM parts will void the warranty too…by design.

I did not survive Windows Vista era to deal with this bullshit.

[the-haiku-bot]

I did not survive

Windows Vista era to

deal with this bullshit.

Beep boop! I look for accidental haiku posts. Sometimes I mess up.

[aquadraco20]

Anyone have any resources for technology literacy for beginners?

[rabbitindisguise]

Yes! @aquadraco20

General basic safety

How to avoid ransomware, malware, hacks, and how to maintain good data privacy.

https://www.getsafeonline.org/

^ this has intermediate information (as well as beginner info) that I think people who grew up on the internet benefit most from (so it won't tell you what a phone is, or how to press the power button to turn on a computer). I recommend all sections the personal section under the top drop down (except the one aimed at children).

https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/internetsafety/

Same deal as above, with quizzes and additional topics.

https://www.digitalliteracyassessment.org/

^ this one is mostly video and audio which some people might helpful

HTML

https://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp

W3schools is a well known free resource for coding. I recommend HTML because it gives basic website building capabilities, so you can create a neocities website for example or even edit your Tumblr theme. You can also learn CSS (used with HTML to make prettier websites) and Python (used to make programs).

Touch typing

Touch typing is using the home row on keyboards. It allows people to type faster than pressing individual keys one at a time, like on a smart phone.

https://www.typingclub.com/

This site has lessons, and honestly looks much nicer than the program I learned to use touch typing with.

https://www.how-to-type.com/touch-typing-lessons/how-to-type-home-keys/

This site has lessons and practice tests and speed tests to measure progress. In middle school I was taking a practice test about three times a week and a speed test once a week for about fifteen minutes each time, if that helps.

---

These three areas are the main things people were taught in computer literacy courses.

I also recommend checking your local library or other educational resources (like local colleges, your current college/highschool/middle school etc, the college you graduated from). These can have in person instructors which can be super helpful. Feel free to send me any questions and stuff, if I don't already know I'll try to find out and share where I found it!

Helpful things I've done with my windows computer to make it safer/more efficient:

Installing Malwarebytes/enabling windows defender

Creating a backup of my computer on a hard drive

Setting permissions for apps to start on startup

Getting a password manager

Installing a web browser that isn't chrome

Changing old passwords into better, more secure passwords- especially websites that have debit card info

I hope this helps :D

[exeggcute]

had a minor crisis when 12ft.io went down yesterday and thankfully it's back now but this seems like a good opportunity to compile a list of similar paywall-evading tools in case 12ft ever gets canned for real:

12ft.io: the legend himself. definitely my favorite of the bunch by virtue of being the easiest to use (and the easiest url to remember), but it's configured to disable paywall evasion for a handful of popular sites like the new york times, so you'll have to go elsewhere for those.

printfriendly: works great; never had any issues with removing paywalls, even on domains that don't work with 12ft.io. since this site is literally designed to make sites print-friendly, it might simplify the overall formatting of the page you're trying to access, which can be a good or bad thing. my only real issue is that the "element zapper" (which lets you remove content blocks from the print-friendly preview) is a little sensitive if you're browsing on a touchscreen device, which means you might accidentally delete a paragraph when you're just trying to scroll. but if that happens you can reload the page and it'll revert everything back to its original state.

fifteen feet: basically a 12ft clone, minus 12ft's restrictions. haven't used it much since I only discovered it yesterday in the wake of 12ft's 451 error but it seems to do the trick.

archive.today: an archival tool very similar to the wayback machine, but it also works as a de facto paywall removal tool. (the wayback machine seems to remove paywalls as well, but archive.today has better UX imo and is way faster to use.)

and an honorable mention for sci-hub: only works for scientific/academic journals, not random news articles, but the other sites listed above only work for random news articles and not academic publications so you gotta have this one in your toolbelt for full coverage. pubmed is your oyster.

[studywmmotivation]

[stillstudies]

shitty advice of a college student.

OR: some (actually helpful) stuff my first semester of college has taught me.

disclaimer: this is from the point of view of a community college student. my experiences may be different from other students, but overall I think this list could be very helpful to anyone going to a college, university, high school, or for any students just hoping to kick procrastination in the ass. I’ll probably be uploading updated versions/parts of this in the future, but here’s some stuff based on my experience so far.

do. work. every. day. even if it’s just a little bit of work. don’t procrastinate.

 college isn’t like high school; oftentimes, professors won’t expect homework from you every single day of class. usually, you’ll have due dates of when large sections of assignments or papers are due. make the most of your time. do not wait until the night before to get 6 sections of homework done by 11:59.

in reality, you should be doing homework and studying for every single class. but remember that you need to put more time into the classes that are toughest for you. For example, math is my weakest subject so I usually put more homework time into doing my Stats homework.

if you don’t want to do it, or have been procrastinating on doing it, it should be the thing you’re getting done first!!

books are hella expensive everywhere. if you can’t find any free versions of your textbooks online, try to buy your textbooks used. I buy all of my textbooks used, with the exception of one book which I’ve rented. Personally, I recommend buying your books bc it’s a great study strategy to actually own the books for your classes and be able to write and highlight inside of them… but this is a personal preference.

doing homework on your bed makes you lazy. work at a desk, library, coffee shop, outside; anywhere that will make you sit down and focus.

let your phone run out of battery and leave. it. alone.

if u don’t have a planner/agenda/calendar already then there is nothing more I can help u with pal ur on ur own

make a study playlist bc you’ll need it at some point. find music that helps you study the best! for example, I strictly can only study to soft music or just instrumentals, but I know some people who study really well to rap and hip-hop. find what works for you! remember this should relax you, not distract you.

hydrate. I keep a water bottle right on my desk when I study so when I look up I’m reminded to take a sip. being hydrated is important!!! not only will this make your body and skin happy but it’ll also make your brain work a little harder and focus more!

I know things can get tough and busy but pls pls eat and sleep well I’m begging u

follow-up to the last point: let yourself go pee as many times as you need to. it’s ok. it doesn’t count as your break. you’re not wasting time from doing work. do us all a favor and go to the bathroom already.

follow-follow-up: know the difference between taking a break and giving up.

learn how to say no to temptations like hanging out with your friends or distracting yourself in the depths of Youtube and Netflix. you have work to do and you know it!!! don’t make yourself feel bad by suffering. if you want good grades, your education (next to your mental/physical health) should be your first priority.

reward yourself for working hard. this could be a night out with friends, a candy bar, boba, whatever floats your boat.

I know it’s a drug but I don’t care what anyone says: if I need to drink coffee then I’m drinking that damn cup of coffee.

priority-wise, your education should always top your studyblr. every. single. time.

[er-cryptid]

Free Health Science Resources

Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology Textbook

Anatomy and Physiology I Lecture Notes

Anatomy and Physiology I Lecture Notes and Powerpoint Slides

Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture Notes and Powerpoint Slides

Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture Notes

Anatomy and Physiology I and II Lecture Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology II Summary

Anatomy and Physiology (Alpena High School)

Anatomy and Physiology (Mrs. Chou)

Human Anatomy and Physiology – Heart Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology – Blood Notes

Human Anatomy and Physiology – Respiratory System

Human Anatomy and Physiology – Endocrine System

Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology on Memrise

Medical Terminology (based on textbook) on Memrise

Medical Terminology A - Z on Memrise

Online Medical Dictionary (with Search Feature)

Medical Terminology (Des Moines University)

Webster’s Medical Dictionary

Medical Terminology

Medical Abbreviations

Medicine in Other Languages

Spanish

Medical Spanish Themed List

Anatomy in Spanish

Medical Spanish on Memrise

Spanish Medical Terminology Flashcards

English-Spanish Medical Dictionary

French

French Medical Terms

Medical French Themed Lists

French Medical Terminology

English-French Medical Dictionary

Glossary of French Medical Terms

English-French Glossary for Medicine

Japanese

Japanese Medical Terms on Memrise

Face and Body Parts in Japanese

Symptoms in Japanese

Pharmacy Terms in Japanese

Romanian

Romanian Medical Vocabulary

English-Romanian Medical Glossary

German

Medical Terms in German

German Medical Dictionary

Basic German Medical Terminology

Glossary of German Medical Terms

Chinese

Traditional Chinese Medical Terminology

Chinese Medical Terminology (Simplified)

Chinese Medical Terminology (Traditional)

Chinese Medical Vocabulary

Medical Chinese

Hindi

Common Medical Terms

Types of Doctors

Russian

Terms to Know

Russian Medical Terms

English-Russian Medical Phrasebook

Russian Words – Medicine

Emergency Medicine

Mosby’s EMT Lecture Notes

Emergency Medical Responder on Memrise

EMT Test Prep Study Guides

First Aid Textbook

Wound Care

Pathology

Diseases and Conditions A - Z

Symptoms A - Z

Tests and Procedures A - Z

Medical Syndromes on Memrise

Muscle Pathophysiology

Kaplan Pathology Textbook

Pathology Lecture Notes

Intro to Human Pathology Lecture Notes

Microbiology

Microbiology Notes

Microbiology Powerpoint

Microbiology Lecture Notes

Introduction to Food Microbiology (requires free sign-in)

Microbiology Lecture Notes by HCC

General Microbiology Notes (requires download)

General Microbiology Powerpoint (requires download)

Medical Microbiology for Dentistry Textbook (requires download)

General Microbiology Lecture Notes

Parasitology

Introduction to Parasitology Powerpoint

Medical Parasitology Lecture Notes

Parasitology Notes by Week

Basics of Medical Parasitology

Medical Parasitology (requires free sign-in)

Veterinary Parasitology

Parasitology Lecture Outlines

Medical Parasitology

Virology

Introduction to Virology Powerpoint

Virology Table

Virology Textbook

Virus Explorer

Virology Powerpoints

Virology Powerpoint (Abdul-Azeez Anjorin)

Virology (MBChB Resource Materials)

General Properties of Viruses Powerpoint

Miscellaneous Viruses Powerpoint

Pharmacology

Drugs and Supplements A - Z

Principles of Pharmacology Lecture Notes

Pharmacology Infographics

Pharmacology Notes

Pharmacology Powerpoint

Pharmacology Notes (Adam Hollingworth)

Neurotoxins

Bacteriology

Bacteriology Textbook

Bacteria Metadatabase

Mycobacteria Powerpoint (requires log-in)

Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infection (requires log-in)

Bacterial Infections (requires log-in)

Bacteriology Lecture Notes

Normal Flora of Humans

Bacteriology Resources

Medical Bacteriology

Biology

Biology Textbook

Biology 2 Textbook

Concepts of Biology Textbook

AP Biology Notes

Biology Glossary

Biology Documents

Biology Notes (Class 11)

Biology Notes (Class 12)

Biology Notes by Topic

Campbell’s Biology Powerpoints

Campbell’s Biology Outlines

Forensics

Forensic Psychology 

Forensic Science Powerpoints

Forensics Notes, (with Lesson Plans, Worksheets, etc.)

Forensic Science Notes

Forensics Notes Document

Forensic Science Lecture Notes

Forensics Notes (Alpena High School)

Forensic Science Documents

Forensics Glossary

Nutrition

Vitamins and Minerals

Proteins in Nutrition

Proteins

Sports Nutrition

Nutrition and Digestion

Nutrition and Digestion Biology Notes

Principles of Human Nutrition Lecture Notes

Basic Nutrition Lecture Notes

Nutrition Notes

Nutrition – United Nations

Sports Medicine

Sports Medicine Powerpoints

Athletic Training Program Powerpoints

Specific Sports Injuries Lecture Notes

Sports Medicine Powerpoints (Miami Dade)

Sports Medicine Handouts

Sports Medicine Presentations (USUHS)

Sports Medicine Lecture Notes (WUHS)

Sports Medicine Handbook

Performance Enhancement Lecture Notes

Athletic Training and Sports Medicine Lecture Notes

Exercise Physiology Lecture Notes

Exercise Physiology Lecture Notes (Windsor)

Basic Exercise Physiology Powerpoint

Clinical Exercise Physiology Notes

Exercise Physiology Powerpoint (Columbia)

Active and Healthy Lifestyles

Sport Coaching and Psychology

Psychology of Sports Injury

Chemistry of Sports 

Exercise and Mental Health 

Ecology and Evolution

Ecology and Ecosystems

Ecology

Ecology (Carter Center)

Ecology Powerpoints

Ecology Documents

Ecology Glossary

Environmental Science Chapter Vocabulary

Environmental Science Glossary

Environmental Science Formulas

Environmental Science Notes by Topic

Botany (requires log-in)

Plant Structure Powerpoint (requires log-in)

Introduction to Ecosystems

Atmosphere, Oceans, and Environmental Change 

Global Warming

Science of Evolution

The Evolving Universe

Co-Evolution

Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior

Evolution Through Natural Selection

Artificial Selection and Domestication

Environmental Politics and Law 

Epidemiology

Infection and Immunity 

Introduction to Epidemiology Powerpoint

CDC’s Intro to Epidemiology Powerpoint

Epidemics in Western Society

Epidemiology: An Introduction

Influenza: Case Study

Vaccination

Overview of Epidemiology Notes

Basic Epidemiology Textbook

Principles of Epidemiology in Public Health Textbook

Public Health Approaches to Infectious Disease

Health Trends in America - Statistics

Chemistry

Organic Chemistry I 

Organic Chemistry II 

Chemistry Textbook

Chemistry of Health Textbook

Chemistry Notes

AP Chemistry Notes

Chemistry Notes and Powerpoints

Chemistry Class Notes

Chemistry Notes (Class 11)

Physical, Organic, and Inorganic Chemistry Notes

Physical Chemistry Lecture Notes

Chemistry Notes (Class 12)

Modern Chemistry Chapter Notes

Chemistry Notes by Topic

Chemistry Glossary

Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, and Stoichiometry Notes

Medical Biochemistry

Psychology

Intro to Psychology

Introduction to Psychology Notes

AP Psychology Chapter Outlines

Starting Psychology

Psychology Lecture Notes

AP Psychology Notes

AP Psychology Glossary

Major Psychologists in History

Psychology by David Myers Chapter Outlines

Psychology: Themes and Variations Chapter Outlines

Psychology Notes / Textbook

Psychological Research, Obedience and Ethics

Introduction to Social Work

Introduction to Child Psychology

Eary Development

Emotions and Emotional Disorders

Depression and Anxiety

Anthropology

Introduction to Anthropology Notes

Introduction to Anthropology Notes (short)

Anthropology Notes

Anthropology Notes (Harsha Koya)

Anthropology Lecture Notes

Anthropology Lecture Notes (MIT)

Anthropology Notes (Handwritten)

Sociocultural Anthropology

Biological Anthropology

Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

Anthropology Lecture Notes (HCCS)

Anthropology Flashcards

Paleontology

Paleontology Lecture Notes

Paleontology Resources

Principals of Paleontology Lecture Notes

Paleontology: Fossils Lecture Notes

Paleontology (Textbook-like)

Paleobiology (Textbook-like)

YouTube Channels & Videos

Crash Course

Crash Course: Biology

Crash Course: Chemistry

Crash Course: Ecology

Crash Course: Anatomy and Physiology

Crash Course: Psychology

Crash Course: Sociology

Evolution

Evolution and Origin of Life (Richard Dawkins)

Origin of Life on Earth

History of Earth

Evolution Lectures (Yale)

Evolutionary Biology Lectures

Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior Series

Evolution Lecture Series

Human Evolution

Hominid Evolution

Hominid Paleobiology

Mass Extinction and Evolution

Biology

Introduction to Biology

Introduction to Biology (Fink)

Introduction to Biology Lecture Series

Fundamentals of Biology Lecture Series

Paleontology

Origin, Evolution, and Extinction of Dinosaurs

Extinction of the Dinosaurs

First Apocalypse: Extinction of Dinosaurs

The Evolution of Flight

Evolution of Birds

Predatory Dinosaurs

Bizarre Dinosaurs

Valley of the T. Rex

Dire Wolf

Biggest Killer Dinosaur

Extreme Survivors: Dinosaurs

When Whales Had Legs

Before They Were Bears

Finding Dinosaur Fossils

Anatomy and Physiology

Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Basic Chemistry and Biochemistry

Cells

Anatomy and Physiology of Tissues

Tissues

Muscles and Muscle Tissue

The Nervous System

Nervous System and Nervous Tissue

Neurons

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

Metabolism and Nuitrition

The Endocrine System

The Cardiovascular System

Blood

Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart

The Reproductive System

The Integumentary System

Bones and Skeletal Tissue

Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Body

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Series

Anatomy and Physiology of…. Lecture Series

Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Series (Ford)

Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture Series

Human Anatomy and Physiology Series

All Subjects

Rahul Gladwin

MedNotes

Medical Powerpoint Collections

Medical and Health Encyclopedia

[yayroos]

For everyone’s information:

The plan for the 17th, when the adult content ban comes in, is to protest.

To do that, we are making as much noise either side of the 17th as possible, and using the site as normal.

On the 17th, dead silence.

People are saying log off but what they really mean is don’t open the site or the app.

But, on the 17th make as much noise as possible on every other platform. Tweet about it and post on facebook and instagram and everywhere else.

What this does is causes a massive dip in ad revenue for one single day. That does not make staff think ‘oh everyone’s gone let’s shut down.’ What it actually makes them think is ‘oh shit people aren’t happy and if people don’t keep using our site we’re out of money and out of jobs.’

A boycott reminds a company that the users (consumers) have the power to make their site (business) worthless with one single coordinated decision.

If you want to join in, here’s what to do:

Do:

Close all open instances of the app and site on all your devices before the 17th

Make posts before and after the 17th on tumblr and other platforms, talking about why this ban is bad

Make posts on other sites during the 17th. Flood the official tumblr staff twitter and facebook with your anger and your opinion

Come back on the 18th and check in

Don’t:

Delete the app from your phone (this doesn’t affect their revenue and since it’s off the store at the moment it’ll be hard to get back)

Delete your account. I mean you can if you want to, but if you keep your account and don’t use it you’re saying to staff that there’s still time to save it. If you delete it’s hard work to come back.

Open the app or website (including specific blogs)

Make any posts (turn down/off your queue and make sure nothing is scheduled)

Go quiet elsewhere. Make it clear that this is just about tumblr, not a mass move away from all social media.

Remember: the execs don’t care about anything but money. Shutting down the site means there’s $0 further income from it. That’s their last possible course of action. If we make it clear we’re not happy, they’ll have to do something or we can do more and more until it becomes too expensive.

Protests take commitment. They’re a defiant action against a business that is doing something wrong. They will try to scare you into not participating, because they’re scared. We hold all the power here, sometimes the execs just need to be reminded of that.

[dailysandersidesaudoodles]

!!!!!!

[icedcoffeeandhairdye]

Hey if you want to find me on other sites

My twitter is @accidentallyrekt

My snapchat is: @annaclaira

My instagram is:@neuronsandnutrition

And my trainer code on pokemon go is: 4493 0472 3106

Let’s keep in touch!

[icedcoffeeandhairdye]

I’m also now on discord under @yikesitsagiraffe !

[cowboysuggest]

on the 17th, log off of tumblr. ill be offline too. just for a week, stay offline. we need to prove a point to staff. please reblog this.

[subversivelystitched]

I have a bad feeling that tumblr’s censorship will become another way to target LGBT+ content and creators. YT was the first platform to have widespread problems, and may have been the first proverbial lemming to jump off the cliff. Now others will follow unless there’s pushback.

From Monday the 17th to Sunday the 23rd this month, I’ll be staying away from here. In addition to making a protest statement, this will give me time to ground myself before and during the final round of holiday drama that inevitably comes with being part of the LGBT+ community. If you need someone to talk to, you can find me on my other pages, but regardless please consider taking part in this hiatus. This matters.

[kingofthewilderwest]

What's the most interesting thing about tumblr for you linguistically?

It’s totally the tags.

Those tags where people write essays. I’m obsessed with those. They’re downright amazing linguistically!

I even proposed to do a research experiment on phrases, the juncture of syntax and semantics, and tumblr tags for my Computational Corpus Linguistics course. The teacher approved the project, but I ended up discarding it for a later time because of how difficult and involved the task would have been. There were too many problems to work out in the experiment and I realized I didn’t have enough time to do what I want.

The tags are intriguing for multiple reasons. They frankly make me run around like a chicken with his head cut off - except happier.

Syntax and Cognitive Science The tags show some very interesting things about phrasal structure. People divide up long sentences in tags during pauses. It’s unique “punctuation” and it says a lot for how people chunk thoughts, process them, and organize longer statements. It’s interesting where you see punctuation added or deleted; it helps you see cognitively how people are processing phrases.

Semantics The tags are full of very interesting expression techniques. One of the problems of written language has been that it lacks body language, which constitutes over half of our expression in conversation. It means that written language can be very easily misinterpreted for intent (think of how many texts get misinterpreted). But tumblrites and other social media savvy people have compensated and made written language HUGELY expressive. You see it in the tags. You see people use unique punctuation effects like deleting spaces, intentionally misspelling words, adding capitalization, and much more. There are emoticons, keyboard smashes, explosions of exclamation marks, and so many beautiful ways of expressing emotion. And people use lots of words in fascinating ways to get their thoughts across. It’s endless.

Diachronic Linguistics Historical linguistics is really cool. It’s about language change. Internet speech in tumblr has the latest, newest words and word units out there. You see so much beautiful language change happening. It’s how “Rickrolled” became a verb and “smol” grew its own set of recognized connotations. Word meanings change, take on new meanings, are filled with so much amazing sociolinguistic context. Abbreviations are made for fandom content. Abbreviations eventually become treated like real words, and then they take on new suffixes and become verbs and adjectives and nouns (”I lol’ed”). There are certain phonotactic paradigms English speakers subconsciously follow for creating new shipping names; I’ve even seen a linguistics paper on that topic. People are able to understand new terms they’ve never seen before; I’ve never heard of “Ruffheat,” but if someone said that to me, I’d know right away they’re talking about a Ruffnut x Heather ship. If someone told me “Hiccaang,” somehow I’d be able to figure out they’re talking about some Aang x Hiccup crack ship. We can just do that automatically because we’ve built our own compounding systems! And not only do we do that, but language changes SO FREAKISHLY RAPIDLY on tumblr it’s constant excitement.

Sociolinguistics Language varies based upon different groups we are a part of, and tumblr is full of many communities. Fandom communities, the science side of tumblr, the social justice community, and more are all out there. Each group has its own diction, vocabulary, and more. It’s also amazing how this collides with the fact that tumblr is global; the conversations arising aren’t just from native English speakers, but individuals whose first language might be Malay, Khmer, German, Korean, Japanese, or Finnish.

So yeah. And where you see all this amazingness the most is in the tags.

Believe me, I tag browse a lot because the content there is GOLD. Pure GOLD.

Someday I do hope to take my tumblr experiences and conduct a legitimate linguistics research study. It can teach us a lot about contemporary English, internet English, and how it’s used around the globe linguistically.

[samanthamashillustration]

The lavender held memories, the eucalyptus remembered all the tears, and the poppies were always there to see the years crawl by.

Three plants that are reminders of my childhood home in Northern California.

Prints and phone cases available here.

Instagram

Twitter

Inprnt Shop

Etsy

Patreon

[shaysstudies]

Hey, everybody! I’ve decided to post a link to a google drive that contains notes from my Calculus I and II and my Organic Chemistry I and II classes. I earned good grades in these classes and I hope these notes can help you guys do that  too! The notes are arranged by date and they are also labelled with topics. I apologize for any mistakes that may be found. If you find something really erroneous, shoot me a message with the class and date and I’ll try to fix it when I get the chance. 

If you found my notes useful, please reblog so that more people can see it! Happy studying!

Shaysstudies’ Google Drive

P.S. All of the notes have been revised and edited to look nice except for those in the Calc I folder. If I get the opportunity, I am going to rewrite and re-post them. 

[entre-lineas-y-colores]

[eintsein]

How to Deal with Study Burnout

As students in this day and age, it’s quite common for us to juggle rigorous academic responsibilities and overwhelming extracurricular activities. As a result, we might feel burnt out. But what exactly is burnout? 

Burnout is when you feel physically and mentally exhausted as a result of constantly lacking the energy required to fulfill the demands of your studying.

Burnout can be broken down into three parts:

Exhaustion is what causes you to feel tired all the time and unable to concentrate. You could also get sick or have trouble sleeping.

Cynicism or depersonalization is when you feel disconnected from those around you, e.g. your friends and family.

Inefficacy is a decrease in productivity, efficiency, or quality of your work.

How do you know if you have burnout?

Symptoms may vary, but they include:

Being unable to absorb new information

Intellectual exhaustion

Decreasing academic performance and productivity

Feeling like you need to prove yourself

Making yourself work even more, even though you’re exhausted or being unwilling to study further

Neglecting your needs

Long term fatigue

Showing disinterest in things you normally enjoy, e.g. hobbies or friends

Denying that something’s wrong with you (may manifest in the form of aggression)

Avoiding social interaction

Feeling empty and depressed

What can I do to fix it?

Here are some short term solutions for dealing with burnout.

1. Take a power nap Power naps are life changing. They help you recharge your energy and get you ready to start working again. They also improve learning, memory, creativity, alertness, and mood. I would recommend napping for 30 minutes at most, because anything more will lead to a longer sleep session.

Optional: drink coffee before your nap - something that takes a short while to consume like a shot of espresso - so that you’ll feel alert and revitalized afterwards!

2. Take a shower A cold one will wake you up, but a warm one will calm you down. I suggest starting with warm water, then ending with cold water.

3. Exercise Whether it’s playing soccer or doing yoga, the important thing is to get moving! Exercise releases endorphins or happy hormones that help you combat stress.

4. Run a quick errand This will help take your mind off things while also getting something done! You’ll also end up walking, which is technically a form of exercise.

5. Call or visit a friend Sometimes what we’re lacking is social interaction, and hanging out with a friend definitely helps. Whether it’s providing you with a distraction or giving emotional support, your friends are always there to help you. Plus, science has shown that being with friends reduces your cortisol (stress hormone) levels.

6. Eat a snack Preferably a healthy one. Eat something with proteins, vitamins, and fibers to boost your mood. Here’s a list of mood boosting foods.

7. Surf the web This requires A TON of discipline, but it’s definitely a game changer. Surfing the web is one of the most relaxing things you could do. I personally look for a good laugh during my study breaks, so I’d watch a comedy or scroll through memes to get those happy hormones up and running.

8. Do an activity you find interesting, e.g. a hobby We all need happiness in our lives, and our hobbies are perhaps the best way to find that joy. You could sit down with a page turning adventure, or go outside and shoot hoops, or listen to a podcast, or even bullet journal, as long as you’re having a good time.

9. Listen to music Music is one of the ways we gain energy, so I always make time for it during the day. However, you should choose the right music, because not all the music you love is going to make you feel energized. For me, it’s pop punk with hard hitting beats, thundering guitars, and really upbeat, enthusiastic vocals. Some of you might be energized by mellow music with dreamy vocals that make you feel like you’re floating in the clouds. If you choose the wrong music, you might just end up feeling sluggish and drained.

10. Get some fresh air Your brain needs 20% of the oxygen in your body. Fresh air brings more oxygen to your brain so that you can think more clearly, feel less tired, and concentrate more easily.

How do I make sure I don’t get it in the future?

Avoiding study burnout in the long term has a lot to do with our study habits - as well as our daily habits. We need to make sure that our bodies and minds receive the things they need, and that we aren’t overworking them.

1. Study a little at a time Break up your notes into smaller, more easily digestible pieces and learn a little at a time. This way, you’re not overwhelming your brain, and you have time to let that new knowledge settle in.

2. Time management Having a good study schedule is crucial in preventing burnout. You don’t want to force yourself to work at your slow hours. Aside from that, you definitely shouldn’t leave things until the last minute, and sticking to a schdule will help you pace yourself. Here’s a post I wrote on How to Make an Efficient Revision Schedule and How to Beat Procrastination.

3. Get enough rest I cannot stress enough that sleep is so important for you. It improves your cognitive functioning and also enhances your mood, making it less likely that you’ll get burnt out. Make sure to take power naps, too, if you feel like you need them. 

You also really shouldn’t pull all-nighters. Sleep is also involved in cementing memories in your brain, so if you study a little before you sleep, you’re bound to remember more than if you studied a chapter during an all nighter.

Having trouble sleeping? Here’s a post I made about my night routine and how to get better sleep.

4. Cycle your study environments Your body and mind are bound to get tired from being in the same location for prolonged periods of time. The best way to fix that is to study in different places: at your desk, your backyard, the dining table, a cafe, a friend’s house, the library, etc.You should find a frequency that works for you. I like to switch it up every 2-3 days; some people change locations every week.

5. Eat well As I’ve mentioned before, healthy foods with protein, vitamins, and fiber greatly improve your mood and your physical health. Proper nutrition will give your brain the power it needs to push through. Also make sure not to skip meals; honestly you’ll just end up feeling terrible afterwards.

6. Take frequent breaks Let’s face it, we’re human, we’re bound to get tired from studying for a long time. Taking breaks enables our brains to digest the information we just learned in a pace that works for it. Breaks also help us focus on something other than studying, so that when we do get back to it, we’ll be ready to digest even more information.

7. Set realistic study goals You’re gonna memorize all 500 pages of your biology textbook in one day? Good luck with that. Some of you might be compulsive studiers, but this kind of habit isn’t very good for your brain or your physical health. Studies have shown that excess studying can lead to lower productivity, fatigue, and - you guessed it - burnout. In the end, this will result in lower academic performance, perhaps even in the long run. So instead of trying to study so much in one sitting or one day, break up your material into chunks.

8. Maintain your social life Wherever you lie on the introvert-extrovert spectrum, everyone needs social interaction once in a while. It keeps you sane and healthy. Go out with your friends, have a sleepover, or maybe even a study date.

9. Start the day right What we do in the morning can significantly affect our mood for the rest of the day. Sometimes we don’t even feel like getting up in the morning, or doing anything that day. One thing you should do is create a morning routine you enjoy to jumpstart your day. Here are 8 Morning Habits for Productivity.

10. Think positive When we’re feeling burnt out, it’s hard to not think negatively about everything. In reality, that just makes our condition worse. So think positively! Start small, like congratulating yourself for getting out of bed today, and then work your way up to bigger accomplishments, like finishing 2 chapters of your textbook.

11. Keep a stress diary This is kind of a new concept for me, but it’s really great. How it works is that each day, you would write down all the things that made you stressed and how they made you stressed. This will help you identify the things you’re doing that’s causing your burnout, e.g.

Too long study hours? take regular breaks

Too much time in the same place? cycle your study environment

Not eating properly? set aside time to eat healthy meals at least 2 times a day

Not doing the things you love? schedule in time for that, e.g. during your long breaks

Not getting enough human interaction? make a study group

Too much negative thinking? adopt a positive mindset (you can always start small)

Not getting enough sleep? fix your sleep schedule

And that’s all I have for you guys this time. Hope these tips will help you manage your stress and study burnout whenever you have them. And if you have any questions, don’t hesitate to drop an ask!

P.S. if any of you want to see the images in this post in better quality, click here (link to google drive)