Do you know of any kinds of mermaids or sirens or other sea dwellers in Norse myth? (If there's two things I love, it's mermaids and Norse myth)
Off the top of my head, I cannot think of specific mermaids in Norse mythology. I can, however, recall that there is a Danish fairytale from which Disney made âThe Little Mermaid,â and that is called the same thing in Danish: Den lille havfrue. You can read a translation of that for free by following the link.
Yet, there are plenty of sea-related beings and figures in Norse mythology. I am not familiar with specific creatures, like mermaids or sirens, but there are a lot of figures who may fit those roles. After all, Scandinavia has always been a place that had close connection with seafaring. I wonât be able to cover them all, but I can speak of and mention a few of these sea-related figures, at the very least.
As for my sources, you may see them below. All the page numbers listed throughout this post correspond to footnote 1.(1.)
I will start with the major figures, which are two gods that have very strong connections to the sea. There may be others, but I will just limit the discussion to those which are most prominently sea-based. The two gods that I speak of are Njörðr (Njord) and Ăgir.
Njord is a Vanir, and he is mentioned by Snorri more directly (that is, not just in the SkĂĄldskaparmĂĄl section). Here is what is said about him:
âHe lives in heaven in a place called Noatun (Enclosure of Ships). He rules over the motion of wind and moderates sea and fire. It is to him one must pray for voyages and fishing. He is so rich and wealthy that he can grant wealth of lands or possessions to those who pray to him for this.â (23)
There is more about him later in this text, in a section called Skåldskaparmål, which is about poetic dictation:
âHow should Njord be referred to? By calling him the god of chariots or descendant of Vanir or a Van and father of Freyr and Freyja, the giving god.â (75)
I tend to see Njord as pertaining more to the riches of the sea. In other words, he, perhaps, represents the reward that the sea offers people; control of the sea and its resources would bring great wealth.
There is more, but that mostly pertains to how he came to be included among the Ăsir, or other stories that he is a part of, but not playing a central role in. Ăgir on the other hand, of whom we will shortly speak, is perhaps even more associated with the ocean than Njord.
Ăgir (Also called Hler or Gymir):
He is generally considered to be the god of the sea, and he is best known for his feast with the Ăsir (which goes badly thanks to an eagle that was actually a giant). Him and another god, one named Bragi, talk in great length about the details of poetry. Anyway, Ăgir lives on an island, according to SkĂĄldskaparmĂĄl, which is called Hlesey. For the most part, Ăgir seems to play more of an âaskerâ role in this text, asking Bragi questions and providing an opportunity for an explanation that will help the reader learn about poetics and mythology.Â
Although Snorri (the author of this source I am discussing) kind of negates Ăgirâs role quite a bit, once we look into the ways that the sea itself can be poetically referred to, it is obvious that he has strong connections with the sea.
Ăgir is actually used as a personification for the ocean or sea at times. Note that these are where his three names come from. For example, this is from SkĂĄldskaparmĂĄl:
âWhat terms for sea are there? It is called mere, ocean (ĂŠgir), engulfer (gymir), roarer (hler), main, road, depth, salt, water, swell.â (139)
âLet the court learn how the keen-spirited king of earls pursued the sea, the irresistible prince did not cease to oppose the ocean.â (139)
âGymirâs spray-cold spae-wife (Ran) often brings the twisted-rope-bear (ship) in Ăgirâs (Oceanâs) jaws when the wave breaks.â (91)
Here, too, is a portion of a poem in Old Norse containing a reference to Ăgir as the ocean:
Alfas began verr ĂŠgisĂtr bĂĄls haai mĂĄlu;
The splendid hater of the fire of the sea (he who likes to rid himself of gold, the generous prince) defend the beloved pf the enemy of the wolf (Odinâs wife Jord-earth or land); (168)
Furthermore, Ăgir has nine daughters with his wife Ran. Here are their names:
HiminglÊva (Heaven-bright)
Blodughadda (Blood-haired)
I am doing this an edit, so I shouldnât really do too much to change the original post (since some wonât see the edits), but Ran should be considered on her own and not always associated through Ăgir. After all, she is considered to be a goddess in her own right, so she ought to be given that respect.Â
@bewareimfrench suggested that Ran could be a suitable candidate for a mermaid, and that honestly may not be a far stretch because she is equally as associated with the ocean as Ăgir is. Here is a poem of her personified:
Segl skekr of hlynâHuglarâ(hvast drĂfa skip) rasta,en föllâof gramâGylligrunn (djĂșp) hata unna.NĂ© RĂĄn viðr hafhreinumhĂĄraustâskapar flaustumâ(hrönn fyrir hĂșfi ĂŸunnumheil klofnar) friðâdeilu.
Sail shake above the prince on the current-maple (ship); tall ships drive keenly; the shallows near Hugl are dangerous to the wavesâ horse (ship). Noisy Ran does not create peace for the sea-deer (ships); she causes conflict for cruisers, the entire wave breaks before the slender bow. (180)
I must say, though, that she is not an evil figure, even though that poem may seem a bit negative. It does show, however, that she has considerable power.
There is also Jormungandr (also called the Midgard Serpent):
Jormungandr is a giant serpent who is a child of Lokiâs and the giantess Angrboda. This is said about Jormungandr:
ââŠ[Odin] threw the serpent into that deep sea which lies round all lands, and this serpent grew so that it lies in the midst of the ocean encircling all lands and bites on its own tail.â (27)
Jormungandr is involved in a few stories, such as being magically disguised as a giantâs cat that Thor could not pick up or also Thorâs fishing trip with a giant named Hymir. Jormungandr is often used poetically to refer to both Thor (because Jormungandr is arguably Thorâs greatest foe, besides giants in general)Â and Loki (the father of such a creature).
There are also figures known as Sea-Kings and these are their names:
I believe that most of these names donât refer to actual deities, but rather famous semi-historical figures (namely Vikings) that came to be used to refer to the ocean and sea. A Viking, after all, is a king of the sea, for it is the sea that guide a Viking to treasure and wealth (and perhaps Njord guides them to this as well, since it is treasure they seek).
âAtli, Frodi, Ali, Glammi, Beiti, Ati and Beimuni, Audmund, Gudmund, Atal and Gestil, Geitir, Gauti, Gylfi, Svendi.
GĂŠir, Eynef, Gaupi and Endil, Skekkil, Ekkil, Skefil and Solvi, Half and Hemlir, Harek and Gor, Hagbard, Haki, Hraudnir, Meiti.
Hiorolf and Hraudung, Hogni, Mysing, Hunding, Hviting, Heiti, MĂŠvil, Hialmar, Moir, HĂŠmir, MĂŠvi, Rodi, Rakni, Rer and Leifi.
Randver, Rokkvi, Refiner, Leifnir, NĂŠfil, RĂŠfil, Nori, Lyngvi, Byrvil, Kilmund, Beimi, Iorek, Iosmund, Thvinnil, Yngvi, Teiti.
Virfil, Vinnil, Vandil, Solsi, Gautrek and Hun, Giuki, Budli, Homar, Hnefi, Horvi, Sorvi. I can see no more sea-kings.â (155)
These name often appear in poetry, especially in Icelandic sagas. Here is an example from Brennu-NjĂĄls saga, and now you will understand the reference (I have bolden their names):
The shaping gods drove ashorethe ship of the keeper of bells (Thangbrand);the slayer of the son of the giantess (Thor)smashed Bison on the sea-gullâs rest (sea);no help came from Christwhen the seaâs horse (ship) was crushed;I donât think God was guardingGylfiâs reindeer (ship) at all.
Thor drove Thangbrandâs beast (ship)of Thvinnil far from its place;he shook and shatteredthe ship and slammed it ashore;never will that oak (ship) of Atalâs field be up to sea-faring again;the storm, sent by him (Thor),smashed it so hard into bits. (2.)
And lastly, these are the various ways to which the sea or ocean can be referred to, poetically speaking (Kennings).Â
Most we have discussed in some manner, but such references give interesting insight into the figures of Norse mythology that are actually associated with the sea (I have bolded names of personified figures):
âHow shall sea be referred to? By calling it Ymirâs blood, visitor to the gods (Ăgir), husband of Ran (Ăgir), father of Ăgirâs daughters (Ăgir),âŠ, land of Ran and of Ăgirâs daughters and of ships and of terms for sea-ship, of keel, steam, planks, strake, of fish, ice, sea-kingsâ way and roads, no less ring of the islands, house of the sands and seaweed and skerries, land of the fighting-tackle and of sea-birds, of sailing wind.â (91)
âWhat terms for sea are there? It is called mere, ocean (ĂŠgir), engulfer (Gymir), roarer (Hler), main, road, depth, salt, water, swell.â (139)
âSea, every-lying, salt, ocean (Ăgir), main, wetness, swim, flat one, dead calm and bay, resounding, overhang, emptiness, brawler, rocker and mere, sucker, suck, same, swallower, maelstrom and fjord.
Sound, creek, good passage, fluid and expanse, tempest, depth, breaker, dark, flood and surf, swell sparkler, engulfer (Gymir) and flower, rumbler and unquiet, surge, fen, snatcher.
Crashing, wake, league, fishing-ground, inlet and fishing-bank, water, deep and submersion, cove, tarn and canal, storm, ditch, pool, current, stream and brook, channel, spring, fount, eddy, waterfall and firth.
Herfring (lifting), roller, white one and offing, Hronn (wave), Ran (plunderer), Kolga (cold one) and HiminglĂŠva (heaven-bright), Drofn (comber), Unn (wave) and sweller, Dufa (dip), Bylgia (billow), shoal and bore, Bloughadda (bloody-haired). (160-1)
Of course, I have by no means have covered everything (even what I have covered is only a summary of what is actually said), but that should give you more than enough of an idea about the role of the sea, and related figures/ Â creatures, in Norse mythology. I hope this has been interesting! I enjoyed researching the information for you.
Vera vitur og reika langt.(Be wise and wander far.)
1. Snorri Sturluson, Edda, Anthony Faulkes trans. (repr., 1987; London: J.M. Dent, 1995). You may also read this for free online via Viking Society for Northern Research.
2. Robert Cook trans., Brennu-NjĂĄls saga, in The Complete Sagas of Icelanders, vol. 3, edited by Viðar Hreinsson, Robert Cook, Terry Gunnell, Keneva Kunz, and Bernard Scudder. (ReykjavĂk: Leifur EirĂksson Publishing, 1997), 125.