In an effort to convert the Saxons, Hamburg was established as a mission settlement in the ninth century. It has been a significant hub for European trade since the Middle Ages. This position was reinforced by the port's advantageous location and its longstanding independence as a city and state. The city was a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire and a participant in the medieval Hanseatic trading league. Hamburg was a free and sovereign state of the German Confederation from 1815 until 1866. After that, it was a part of the North German Confederation (1866–71), the German Empire (1871–1918), and the Weimar Republic (1918–33). From 1934 until 1945, Hamburg was both a city-state and a Gau in Nazi Germany. Following World War II, Hamburg was included in the British Zone of Occupation and evolved into the Federal Republic of Germany, a state in western Germany (since 1949).
The Elbphilharmonie, also known as Elphi, is a concert hall located in Hamburg, Germany's HafenCity neighborhood on the Grasbrook peninsula of the Elbe River. Near the historic Speicherstadt, the newly constructed glassy structure Kaispeicher A, constructed in 1963, has the appearance of an iceberg, water wave, hoisted sail, or quartz crystal perched on top of an old brick warehouse. Alexander Gérard, a real estate developer and architect, and his wife Jana Marko, an art historian, took the initiative to commission the original design from the Swiss architecture firm Herzog & de Meuron, which developed and promoted the project (since 2003 in collaboration with the Hamburg-based real estate developer and investor Dieter Becken) for 3.5 years until the City of Hamburg decided to take action to develop the project. With a final height of 108 meters, it is the centerpiece of the new Hafencity development and Hamburg's tallest inhabited structure.
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