A recent Guardian article was entitled: āUK gender inequality as bad as 10 years ago, EU league table showsā The Guardian [online] October 2017
The gender binary is being deconstructed:Ā
Despite the fact that gender inequality still exists, many are opening their eyes to the possibility of gender being less binary than formerly accepted. In 2014, Facebook introduced 71 gender options which users can now choose from. Users are also able to choose their preferred pronoun.
How did you come to be those things?
RenĆ© Descartes, a French philosopher in the 1600s, is often called the father of modern philosophy. His most famous idea was ācogito ergo sumā - āI think; therefore I amā; in which the rational self is the centre of a variety of linked practices of āknowingā. This rational āselfā is what most liberal politics are based upon - with individual rights etc.
āCoded as male, [the individual] is fully conscious to himself, in control of his actions, thoughts and meanings.ā Gender Studies: Terms and Debates (2003)
In the 1800s, Karl Marx wrote about the ways in which humans are shaped by capitalist society. He believed that work environment would shape who you were as a person - for example, someone who worked in a factory might have a different kind of self to someone who owned a factory. He thought the economic system was the controlling factor, and came up with the idea of the ācollective selfā - terms such as ācollective consciousnessā can be traced back to Marx.
And then thereĀ was this :Ā
Later in the 19th and early 20th century, Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud came up with some different ideas surrounding the self, many involving the subconscious. He called the āselfā the āsubjectā, and he believed the process of becoming is an endless process in which the subject is torn between desires and drives on the one hand and cultural and social demands on the other.
So what do these ideas have to do with gender?Ā
āThe system of gender ā¦ privileges the male over the female. Gender operates as a set of hierarchically arranged roles in modern society which makes the masculine half of the equation positive and the feminine negative.ā Gender Studies: Terms and Debates (2003)
āWhat do you think of when I say the word ārabidā? One option, according to the dictionary publisher Oxford Dictionaries, is āfeministā. The publisher has been criticised for a sexist bias in its illustrations of how certain words are used. āNaggingā is followed by āwifeā. āGratingā and āshrillā appear in sentences describing womenās voices, not menās.ā David Shariatmadari, The Guardian [online] (2016)
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