Philosophy

Philosophy Class of '17 

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Phenomena

From Immanuel Kant

An occurence or object that is only perceived by the senses.

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Ontological argument

Arguments that support the conclusion that God exists. 

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Monism

The doctrine that there is only one substance that makes up all of reality and all of the universe. 

Derived from the world Greek word “monos”, meaning single. 

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Moral argument

A way of proving the existence of God by judging from the presence of moral value in the universe. 

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Noetic

The study of the relationship between human and divine intellect. 

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Material cause

The belief that all changes and movements are determined by the material that makes up thing that is moving or changing.

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Naturalism

The belief that all forces in the world operate naturally (no supernatural or spiritual forces). 

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Philosophy

The study of existence, knowledge, human nature, and reality. Derived from the world “Philo” and “Sophie”, interpreted as the love of wisdom. 

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Pantheism

The belief that the world is the same as God himself, or is the portrayal of God’s nature. However in Pantheism, God does not have a will, and is not a personal entity. It cannot act upon the universe, but is instead a divinity that permeates all existence.

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Objective idealism

A branch of metaphysics that describes spiritual matter as something that exists outside of human consciousness. 

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Ontology

A branch of metaphysics, the study of the nature of existence, becoming, being, and reality. 

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Metaphysics

The study of existence, the basic causes, and nature of things. 

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Realism

Comes from Western Philosophy

The questioning of nature and and plausibility of each with respect to different subject matters i.e.: ethics, aesthetics, causation, modality, science, mathematics, semantics and everyday objects. We make conclusions such as: the Moon is spherical. therefore we can assume all spherical objects must be moons. this is not true, therefore we have to create more conclusions. e.g.: the moon is x km in diameter therefore all objects that are x km in diameter are moons.

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Pragmatism

a reasonable and logical way of doing things or of thinking about problems that is based on dealing with specific situations instead of on ideas and theories.

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Pluralism

Pluralism can be defined as the belief that multiple values are correct, that the ultimate reality consists of many things.

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Platonism

Platonism is the idea or concept that there are abstract objects which means that an object doesnt actually exist in space or time, it’s non-mental and non-physical. It is living and occurring at the same time.

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Dualism

The theory that the mind and matter/mental and physical world exist separately and are of complete difference.