The branch of Physics dealing with motion and forces producing motion.
2. Astrophysics:
The physics in the universe, including the properties and interactions of celestial bodies in astronomy.
3. Electromagnetism:
It deals with observations, Principles, laws and method relate electricity and magnetism.
4. Solid-State Physics:
The branch of Physics which deals with the structure and properties of solid materials.
5. Atomic Physics:
The branch of Physics which deals with the structure and properties of the Atom.
6. Nuclear Physics:
The branch of Physics which deals with the structure, Properties and reaction of the Nuclei of atoms.
7. Plasma Physics:
The branch of Physics which deals with the Properties of highly ionized atoms forming a mixture of bare nuclei (nuclei without electrons) and Electron.
8. Bio-Physics:
The branch of Physics which deals with the application of physical methods and explanation to bio-physics systems and structures.
9. Quantum mechanics:
The branch of mechanics that deals with the mathematical description of the motion and interaction of subatomic particles, incorporating the concepts of quantization of energy, wave–particle duality, the uncertainty principle, and the correspondence principle.
For one, physics keeps changing and continuously make new discoveries. New theories don’t just bring answers but they also create new questions that might not to be solved when viewed from old theories of Physics. This makes physics more exciting and interesting but this also force Physicist to generalize that what Physics is? If we look at the formal definition of Physics we can define physics as:
“The Physics is the branch of science which deals with the study of matter and energy and their mutual interaction”.
“The Physics is a natural science base on experiments, measurements and mathematically analysis with the purpose of discovering the phenomena of universe.”
But Physics is not all about matter and energy and mutual interaction. It is the study of nature and natural phenomena that how these phenomena happens, why they happens? What are the main causes for these phenomena? These all questions can just be solved with the use of physics. Actually we can say that physics is an applied mathematics which provides us proper use of mathematical principles to solve the natural phenomena.
Physics is an earlier discipline of science the early Greeks established the first quantitative physical laws, such as Archimedes' descriptions of the principle of levers and the buoyancy of bodies in water.
By the 17th century, however, Galileo Galilee and later Isaac Newton helped pioneer the use of mathematics as a fundamental tool in physics, which led to advances in describing the motion of heavenly bodies that how the heavenly bodies move under the action of force and constant acceleration and give the three laws of motion he also formulate the equation of motion which use the mathematical principles to solve the real life problems. Newton's also give the laws of universal gravitation, which helps the Physicist in describing the motion of Planets.
In 1800s, Faraday and Maxwell developed the laws of electricity, magnetism and electromagnetism and many of others gave the conceptual understanding of optics and thermodynamics.
By the end 19th century, modern physics started with the discovery of X-rays by Roentgen (1895), radioactivity by Henry Becquerel in 1896, the planks theory given by Max Planks in 1900, relativity by Einstein in 1905 and atomic theory developed by Neil Bohr in 1913.
Quantum mechanics begin in 1926 by the famous and well known physicist of 20th century Warner Heisenberg and Schrödinger which gave the better understanding of chemistry of particle and physics of solid state matter.
Physics also laid down the basis for many inventions which were only thoughts to be impossible. Such as Heat engines, The electric furnace (1889), Diesel engines, The steam turbine, The gasoline-powered automobile, The airplane, Wireless Telegraphy, Telecommunication , The Nikola Tesla induction motor, solar systems, radio waves, electromagnetic waves, cosmology and List goes on.
Conclusion
In short we can say that physics is the study of Materialistic to Non-Materialistic particle, Small as Atom to Gigantic as Galaxy, Land to Sky, Earth to Stars, Moon and Sun, Visible to Invisible, Finite to Infinite, It is the study of everything. Without physics, our world as we know it today would not function. As Carl Sagan wisely said, "Our species needs, and deserves, a citizenry with minds wide awake and a basic understanding of how the world works."
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