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Written on the Body by Jeanette Winterson // Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn // Musica Humana by Ilya Kaminsky // Basic August by Eileen Myles // Imitations of Drowning by Anne Sexton // Will You Please Be Quiet, Please? by Raymond Carver // The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner // Atmospheric Embroidery by Meena Alexander // The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath by Sylvia Plath // The Women by Kim Addonizio //
LBN 552 (right) and LDN 1228 (left) // JustinWall
I hope we can all be mature adults here and agree that the Wow! signal was sent by aliens.
Seriously though…
The Wow! signal was one single impossibly strong radio signal picked up by the Big Ear telescope in 1977. We have never picked up a similar signal before or since, yet it remains the strongest possible evidence that we are not alone.
Back in the 70s computers didn’t have enough processing power to analyze all the information picked up by these telescopes, who would move back and forth across the sky 24/7. Instead SETI would get volunteers to go through mountains of printed-out data by hand and mark any numbers that stood out. One such volunteer was Jerry R. Ehman.
On the day Jerry was going through this data he’d mostly been marking 7′s and 9′s and 6′s - high numbers, likely from planets, comets, and other regular objects in space. Then all of a sudden, in-between a bunch of 1′s, there it was: 6EQUJ5. A radio signal so strong it broke the number scale and jumped straight to letters. 30 times stronger than background radiation. All he could do was write “Wow!” next to the observation.
Of course telescopes were immediately pointed in the direction of the signal, which was somewhere around the Sagittarius constellation. But it was never picked up again.
The signal was continuous in strength, and the only reason it seems to rise and fall in intensity is that the telescope was moving as it picked up the signal. When graphed it looks like this:
The observed rising and falling in intensity in time with the telescope’s movement means that the signal must have come from a fixed point in the sky. However, the fact that the signal was only heard once means that it can’t have come from a regular object like a star or a black hole, as we would’ve been able to hone in on that and pick it up again.
The signal was sent at a frequency of 1420 megaherz - the frequency of hydrogen. If you want to send a radio signal to a civilization that you know nothing about, you need to pick a frequency that the observers are likely to be looking for. You need to pick a benchmark, something that naturally emits radio waves at a set frequency, and that they will be familiar with. Hydrogen is the most abundant and the simplest element in the universe. Every scientist in the universe knows it. The frequency was and still is illegal to use on Earth because it’s considered significant to science.
Technically the signal was very slightly above the frequency of hydrogen - it was observed at 1420.4556 MHz. This could mean that the object that sent it is moving towards us (extremely slowly btw, we won’t make contact with it for another couple billion years at least). Or, more likely, it could mean that the source corrected the signal for red- or blueshift (a phenomenon where a wavelength increases/decreases due to various factors) before sending it. The latter explanation is most likely since the slight difference from hydrogen lines up with how the frequency would be corrected to line up with the galactic standard of rest.
Another reason we believe the signal was made by a civilization is that it’s narrow-banded, meaning it stays at its own frequency and doesn’t leak into other frequencies. The only known objects in space to emit narrow-band radiowaves are astrophysical masers - which, again, don’t behave like the Wow! signal did.
So in summary, this is a very powerful narrow-band radio signal that appears technological in origin and is sent at the exact frequency at which we would expect people to send a signal.
But like I said, the signal has never been picked up again. It might just have been a single burst. We still hope it might be periodic, but even if it is, we have no idea when it might repeat itself. The Big Ear was demolished in the 90s, and there are no projects exactly like it at the moment. We aren’t observing that single spot in the Sagittarius region 24/7. We simply can’t afford to.
If we can’t observe the signal, if we can’t study and verify the signal… the rule of thumb among astronomers is that it doesn’t really matter. It’s evidence of something, but it’s not proof of anything. If the signal is ever picked up again it will be proof that we are not alone. But until then, all we can do is speculate.
If the signal is extraterrestrial, it tells us that we aren’t alone. That somewhere on another planet there are scientists with a radio transmitter, who want us to know about them. Maybe the signal was their equivalent of the Voyager Golden Records or the Arecibo Message - we know no one can respond to those. But just the thought that someone else in the universe might know about us - might even be comforted by knowing that they’re not alone - is in itself comforting. All we can do is tell other people, over and over, that we share this universe, and just hope that they might one day respond.
Happy birthday to the Wow!-Signal
bro it sounds like maybe you need a reminder of the glorious interconnectedness of all things?
GBBO: “A s’more is basically just an Italian merengue sandwiched between two ganache-covered digestives”
Americans:
in case anyone in wondering, this is Paul Hollywood's idea of a s'more
You know what, their absolute inability to grasp Mexican foods makes more sense every day
Nodding my head in support of the Americans despite having no clue what a s’more is.
Okay, American immigrant to the UK here to explain all the mistakes from Paul Hollywood happening here: there is one fundamentally American ingredient required to make a s'more correctly but which is basically not available anywhere at all in the UK, and that is graham crackers. A plain digestive biscuit close-ish, but still a very different beast.
From Wikipedia: A graham cracker is a sweet flavored cracker made with graham flour.
The next ingredient (which is also extremely traditionally American but slightly more variable) is typically Hershey's chocolate, but you could probably swap this out in the UK with any plain chocolate bar.
Last ingredient is big marshmallows, the kind you do the chubby bunny challenge with, like the size of your thumb and twice as thick.
A proper s'more, the most traditional possible variety, involves to graham cracker squares, two slab segments of Hershey's chocolate, and one to two marshmallows depending on your preference for filling and gooeyness. You put a slab of chocolate on one of the graham cracker squares. Your marshmallows should be toasted, usually over a campfire but if you're doing them at home over a gas stove burner is fine, but the fire part is critical. You can toast them to whatever degree you like, some people like them nice and golden brown but still kind of firm in the middle, me personally? I want that bitch to CATCH ON FIRE, I want it gooey and sticky as hell in the middle, crispy and burnt on the outside. Slap that motherfucker on your graham cracker and chocolate square, top with the other one so your marshmallow and chocolate are sandwiched together by graham cracker on the outside. You do this with your freshly toasted marshmallow because ideally it will be hot enough to start to melt the chocolate so it sticks to the marshmallow and the graham cracker and, combined with the gooey marshmallow, it keeps the whole thing together, and for that reason some people will let them sit for a hot second to let the melting process happen (especially if like me you have chocolate on BOTH graham cracker squares, not just one, because you're a sugar fiend), but if you are a young child you do not have that degree of patience and you eat that shit immediately, unmelted chocolate and all. Consume your summer camp delight like a tiny club sandwich, get gooey sticky marshmallow and chocolate all over your hands, and enjoy.
Important note: this is a kids treat. It is a traditional summer camping trip dessert. It should be something any ten year old with adult supervision and access to the ingredients can make (and make a mess of). They're called s'mores because kids always "want s'more". If you are using a blowtorch, chocolate biscuits, and merengue, you are so far beyond the bounds of s'more-hood that you have thoroughly lost the plot. If you offered Paul Hollywood's concoction to an American child and called it a s'more, they'd tell you flat out that not only is it not a s'more, it looks dumb and you didn't do it right because it's not gooey.
the point is the mess. the point is getting to make a food, at age seven, whose two basic food groups are 'sugar' and 'fire'. the other point is that this food item is so crumbly, chaotic, sticky, on fire, and prone to being dropped (outside, in the dark, while you are surrounded by other children who are also sticky and on fire) that your supervisors cannot accurately monitor how many smores you personally have consumed. the point is also that you may get away with a smore that is five blocks of chocolate and two marshmallows if you move fast and let nothing stop you.
if you haven't accidentally yet unrepentantly eaten a chunk of twigs or dirt or a bug that got enmeshed in the creative process around smore number 3st, you are too old to have any legitimate input into what makes a smore.
There's 2 other points that I think are important.
The first is that you don't pull the marshmallow off the roasting stick and somehow put it on the chocolate. Your staging area will look something like this, with the graham crackers and chocolate already set out (though not usually on the fire like this, for us it was always someone's lap or a picnic table or something)
And when your marshmallow has reached appropriate roasting perfection, you use the graham crackers to slide it off the stick.
and ideally, as a CHILD you are using a literal stick. Like you walked around and spent time looking for The Perfect Stick off the ground while the adults set up the fire. It has to be thin enough the marshmallow will fit, sturdy enough that it won't bow, long enough that you won't burn yourself roasting your marshmallow. And preferably doesn't have a lot of bark that's sloughing off, OR so much bar sloughing off you can peel it all back and get to the clean stick under it. If you're smart, you might stick the tip into the fire first to "wash" it/burn off anything that was still lingering, but. well, most kids don't.
When you bite in, the marshmallow and chocolate SHOULD ooze out all over you. If you don't kinda look like this eating it, you've probably done it wrong:
The description of the marshmallows as being either brown on the outside but still firm on the inside or fully melted but burned on the outside is missing the true art: fully molten in the middle, without the black burns. Not to say OP is wrong for preferring the burn! But there is a technique for perfection and it goes like this:
You find a spot, not above all the logs where everyone sticks their marshmallows by default, but at the heart of the fire. Ideally between a couple logs already glowing gold. Something like here:
Below the leaping flame. Near the logs. There's probably only one or two spots good enough for this on any given fire, but that's okay because everyone else is up above. They will get their marshmallows faster. They will be either firm or burned or both. That's not your goal.
Rotate the marshmallow slowly. Ideally come in at an angle so the part closest to the flame is the side, not the tip. The spot closest to the fire is the spot that turns a crispy golden brown, and you want that everywhere, on the tip and around the circle.
You keep going, slowly turning, for several minutes. Several people will rotate in and out of the higher sections, getting their fast delight. Eventually, your marshmallow will start sagging badly, risking falling. Maybe it does fall and got start over. But eventually it will be golden brown all over, and so liquid it no longer clings to the stick. It is ready, finally.
You say "who hasn't gotten one yet?" And deposit it onto their waiting graham crackers and chocolate. You've made an excellent marshmallow. It isn't for you. Get another while you're over by the bags and go back to the heart of the fire.
That's your evening. One, slow, perfect marshmallow at a time, given to whomever still wants s'more. You're making art for children to stuff into their mouths cheerfully. You're watching the movement of the fire and the heat of the logs, like you would if you were maintaining it — maybe you would be, maybe you were the one who built it — but right now that's not the goal. Let someone else put more logs on, while you take only the one stick and find the best spot for it to live.
You will, eventually, finish a marshmallow and find that nobody moves to accept it. Maybe they're all eating right now, or maybe they've gone through so many they're hesitating. Eat your masterpiece then. Enjoy it, the hardest and most perfect result from a fun and beautiful moment. Go back in for another, until you've run out of marshmallows and the fire is too low or until even you are done with s'mores, until you have made enough.
"We don't want a gooey mess" pfft even the artistry studied at the feet of my father is inherently a gooey mess. That's the whole point!
Every word of every addition to this post is both 100% true and Pulitzer Prize winning writing.
the new scooby doo movies: the caped crusader caper (1972)
Kermit and Miss Piggy surely won’t be board this summer!
The Sea Foam Dragon
Bohemian Rhapsody Lyric Poll #4
One more time, choose your lyric:
So you think you can stone me and spit in my eye?
So you think you can love me and leave me to die
Can't do this to me baby
Just gotta get right outta here
Sick Guitar Riff #2
ooh yeah, ooh yeah
Nothing really matters, anyone can see
Nothing really matters
Nothing really matters to me
(any way the wind blows)
What Lyric from Bohemian Rhapsody are You pt 4
Pick your lyric, pick your fate :
I see a little silhouetto of a man
SCARAMOUCHE SCARAMOUCHE
Will you do the Fandango?
THUNDERBOL AND LIGHTNING
Very very frightening me
GALILEO Galileo GALILEO Galileo Galileo FigaroOOoo
I'm just a poor boy nobody loves me /He's just a poor boy from a poor family
Spare him his life for this monstrosity
Easy come, easy go, will you let me go ?
BISMILLAH NO we will not let you go
Oh Mamma Mia Mamma Mia
Beelzebub has a devil put aside for me for me for meeeeee
Poll #1 Poll #2 Poll #3
Bohemian Rhapsody Lyrics Poll 3
What Lyric are You
Too late, my time has come
Sends shivers down my spine
Body's aching all the time
Goodbye everybody I've got to go
Gotta leave you all behind and face the truth
Mama, ooh (any way the wind blows)
I don't wanna die
I sometimes wish I'd never been born at all
Sick Guitar Riff #1
Poll #1 Poll #2
Poll #4
Awright carry on carry on-ing:
What Lyric from Bohemian Rhapsody are You (pt 2)
Mama just killed a man
Put a gun against his head pulled my trigger now he's dead
Mama life had just begun
But now I've gone and thrown it all away
MAMAAAAAAA ooOOOOoooOOOoooo
Didn't mean to make you cry
If I'm not back again this time tomorrow
Carry on carry on as if nothing really matters
More to come SORRY FOR THE POLL SPAM but this is for A DREAM Prev BR lyrics poll
This has nothing to do with anything but I am fulfilling a friend's dream here
What Lyric from Bohemian Rhapsody Are You (1)
Is this the real life?
Is this just fantasy?
Caught in a landslide
No escape from reality
Open your eyes , look up to the skies and see
I'm just a poor boy I need no sympathy
because I'm easy come easy go
Anyway the wind blows doesn't really matter to me
Poll #2
Poll #3 Poll #4
