Rotas & Ribbons @rotasandribbons - Tumblr Blog

What’s your favorite Roma dish? Mine is Khokhamne Sarma. Basically sarma but without the cabbage, and spicy (:

Ohhh.. this is a tough one! I think it’s a toss up between pashavre & gulash shoshojesa.

Roma gypsies in Britain and Europe are descended from "dalits" or low caste "untouchables" who migrated from the Indian sub-continent 1,400 years ago, a genetic study has suggested.

rrojasandribbons

This is from one study that has actually been refuted many times. This article has a ton of inaccuracies in it from when we left India to the fact that the caste system in India was absolutely nothing like it is today when we left the sub-continent. Dalits would not have existed, at least in the way they do now, when the proto-Romani population left India.

There are much better genetic studies out there about Romani people. This one falls back on geographical associations, as many ancestral DNA studies do, but that is not wholly accurate. Also, the timeline has been thoroughly disputed. There is no way that we could have left 1,400 years ago because, if we had, the entire structure of our language would reflect the linguistic changes in Prarkit dialects that occurred at this time; it doesn’t.

This article, and many like it, also ignore the fact that Romani culture contains its own caste system. It has been proven that we share common ancestry with multiple ethnic groups that still live in South Asia, and our own cultural caste system reflects this. It is also proven that the vast majority of the proto-Romani population were somehow militarily involved during our exodus. It has even been proven that we could not have possibly left the Indian subcontinent more than 1,000 years ago due to the structure of our language.

Also, the 1400/1500 year timeline would have required the proto-Romani population living in the Middle East for an additional 400-500 years, which certainly would have shaped our language and culture in a profound manner. Our brief journey through the Middle East and Persia did no such thing. Our culture and language are Indo-European, not Persian-European.

Most genetic studies show Romani people having a closest relationship with both Rajputs and Sindhi with a diverse array of other ethnic groups present in our diaspora. Most linguists and historians put our exodus between 700 and 900 years ago. [x] [x] [x] [x] [x]

Please stop spreading this garbage; it’s completely inaccurate.

hattersadventures-deactivated20

If you were nice about it and not a complete fuckwad, i would have considered it. I had no commentary, which doesn’t give any clue to what my opinion was on the article at all.

You replied with the full intent of starting a retarded fight with someone you assumed wasn’t a Roma to police them. I will not be controlled by an armchair warrior with no fucking manners.

Now I will make more posts about this just to piss you off more.

Also, you do not speak for me, if you are a fellow Roma.

Don’t steal my voice.

rrojasandribbons

How was I not nice about it? I was very matter of fact and even provided sources. Like, holy cognitive dissonance.

But, suddenly you’re Roma when a Romani person corrects you, yet you are willing to spread grossly inaccurate misinformation about your supposed own people simply to “piss off” other Roma.. yea, I totally buy that.

So, if you’re Roma, what community/family are you from? Thaj ba phenes rromanes??

hattersadventures-deactivated20

We came from Italy and moved to the USA when someone burned down my great grandparents place.

I had no commentary so you really can’t say what my opinion on that article was or was not, and you claim I was the one who showed Dissonance?

Wow

Let me know what else is required in your “Purity test”, thanks in advance.

rrojasandribbons

if you think that is a “purity test”, then you are not Romani. Like, that is a normalized part of our culture and you answered neither question.

You’re either lying, trolling, or have some distant Romani ancestry you’re pulling out of your back pocket whenever it’s convenient for you. What community are you from? It’s really a very simple question..

P.S. Sharing it without commentary is irrelevant. I merely pointed out the fact that it is an inaccurate article and would appreciate it if you, or anyone else for that matter, would not share it on that basis.

hattersadventures-deactivated20

A random Tumblr has just told me I am not actually Roma.

What am I then, Can I be white? I hear they have Privilege.

Or can you decide I am black? I could use the hint to what my DNA is.

What am I, since you know me more than Myself. What is my DNA?

rrojasandribbons

Yes, make yourself the victim because the *mean Gypsy* called you out on your utter bullshit and inability to answer an extremely simple question that is an integral part of actually being Romani. You all really think we are that ignorant about our own people.

Xa muri bul, bizhanglo xuv. Kuraftar gadjikano chhalado.

chirikli

Gadje really think we’re that fucking stupid that we can’t tell when they’re blatantly lying about being “a Roma” (which is a give away in and of itself lmao like??)

Y’all really think you can spew bullshit and when you get called out pretend you’re Romani (while not even being able to use proper terminology or even use the language properly lmao)

Gadjekane BULLSHITTTTT

hattersadventures-deactivated20

Other than your bitch ass opinion, you haven’t proven anything.

Prove that I am not Roma.

Prove to me that “Half the people who claim to be Roma, Aren’t”

If you can’t then I will show you who is really a lying cunt.

chirikli

I’m not the one who has to prove shit you musty dishrag! You don’t get to just spew garbage and expect us to ignore it. Sar bushos? Kon san? So vitsa san? If you can’t provide basic fucking information about your vitsa or subgroup why the fuck should any of us believe your lying ass? You’re just another fucking white bitch who wants to claim some exotic ancestry and throw a hissy fit when you get called out. We know who our own people are and none of them post garbage like this, none of them refuse to answer basic fucking questions about their subgroup. And they certainly don’t use our own language incorrectly.

If you talk to any actual Romani person on this site they will tell you the same shit.

Get the fuck off my blog you lying gadjekane sack of goatshit.

kamiyu910

“Get the fuck off my blog”

Yo, um, I can obviously see you have reading comprehension issues, but ya know, this is hatter’s post. So maybe you get the fuck off her blog and stop being such a gatekeeping cunt, eh? Who died and made you god and lord keeper of all Roma?

mayflyinspace

“Expose personal info to internet strangers to prove your identity”

Lol ok

rotasandribbons

Those questions actually involve divulging ZERO identifying information.

And, since they asked.. challenge accepted you prosto gadjo..

1. You posted an extremely inaccurate article [without commentary] that has circulated around Romani communities for over 5 years, so we are well aware of the fact that it is complete crap. You seem to have assumed that we are not aware of our own histories, which we are. We are very much aware of how our own culture and language relates to these claims, which is why we are able to easily spot inconsistencies and inaccuracies in articles such as these.

2. Your blog is full of anti-migrant and anti-immigration rhetoric which is actually a HUGE red flag. Migration issues and the politics surrounding them are incredibly important to Romani persons and communities because they often directly impact us and our families in a negative manner. Sure, Romani people can have a diverse array of political opinions, but migration tends to be one that the vast majority of us agree upon because of it’s effects on us as a diasporic ethnic group.

3. When I asked what community you were from, you responded with “We came from Italy [...] my great grandparents.” That neither answers the question, which is a universal feature of meeting *new* Roma, nor is it reflective of any ethnic group. Italy is not a Romani community and if you have to go all the way back to your great-grandparents to stretch for a connection to Romani people, then you are not Romani because that is not how our ethnic identities work. The correct answer to that question would have been, “I am [insert actual community here]” 4. You referred to my questioning as a “purity test”; a common reaction among people who are lying about their ethnicity. However, such questioning [as pointed out several times already] is actually quite common in Romani culture. You’re defensiveness, and that of other people like you, is actually very telling. You should be able to answer information about your community and family lineage without even giving away personally identifying information. Community based identities are the backbone of a Romani ethnic identity.

5. You used the phrase “a Roma”. You seem to have no grasp of Romani related ethnic designations and their parts of speech even in English. Romani people grow up with these terms and someone who claims to be a “third generation immigrant” and “a Roma” would surely know how to use these terms in American English. American Roma [which would be you if you were actually Romani] have our own speech patterns and forms of Rromglish that differ from more recent Romani immigrants to the USA.

6. While being defensive about me asking you “purity test” questions, you also stated that, “[...] I will make more posts about this to piss you off more,” which is an interesting sentiment coming from someone who claims to be Romani. Most Romani people genuinely care about the well-being of others within our ethnicity. Romani people are far less individualistic than other ethnic communities, as it is a part of our culture and upbringing. We place an extremely high value on our ethnic identities and ethnic kinships, which means that we will defend other Romani persons in front of non-Roma even if we disagree. Gadje gadjenca Roma Romenca.

7. You said, “Can I be white? [...] Or can you decide that I am black?” Actually, if you are Romani, you could be either of those things because not only is race a social construct that changes based on the perception of others, but Romani ideas about “black” and “white” are very different than those that exist in North America. You can certainly be a Black Rom, or be a White Rom, and still be Romani. Not to mention that there are also bi-racial Black Roma, and bi-racial White Roma, who are still very much Romani.

8. You seem to have zero understanding of the Romanes that was directed towards you. Granted, not all Romani people speak Romanes fluently, but most of the words used are recognizable not only across most dialects, but even within communities that have lost the majority of their mother tongue. If spoken to in Romanes, most Romani persons will reply in Romanes. That is, of course, unless they don’t speak it, which they would outright say and not skirt around as you did.

9. You called a Romani woman a “lying cunt”. You have shown zero respect for two Romani individuals who have been around activist circles for quite some time. The individual you were most disrespectful towards in your last slew of anger induced insults has been directly involved in Romani activism. This goes against many of our cultural tenants about respecting other Roma in the presence of non-Roma, regardless of how you personally feel about them or their opinions.

10. Half of the people on here claiming a Romani ethnic identity are most certainly not Romani. Some of them exaggerate distant ancestry for the sake of claiming a Romani identity, and some are outright lying. This has been an issue within our communities since the Gypsy Lore Society was founded in 1888, and likely before that. This issue is so widespread that there are fields of Romani studies that focus on just this. [x]

So, no, you are not Romani. Perhaps you have distant Romani ancestry, as many people lying about a Romani ethnic identity do, but it seems as though you are just pulling this out of your ass as a defense mechanism. You assume that we are ignorant about our own people, culture, history, and communities. That is the hallmark of gadjikane dumbassery.

Hi! I'm always trying to learn new languages bc its one of the few things i can do from my bed, would it be appropriation to try and learn some of the basics of a Romani dialect? i'm not Romani at all, but it's different from any other language i speak so it would be a new challenge. Thanks!

No, learning a foreign language is not appropriation. When it comes to Romani dialects, it’s only ever not okay if you are learning it to pass yourself off as something you’re not, or if you are cherry picking words from our language for your own self-interests [LARPing, writing books, exotifying or commodifying our culture]. Those are their own issues, though.

There have been people who willfully share information about their particular dialect with the understanding that the information will be used by non-Roma. There is nothing inherently wrong or appropriative about attempting to learn a foreign language.

There are Romani people are much less keen on sharing information about the dialects they speak, and that is their prerogative, but it is perfectly okay to use sources that come from those who have shared. Just be careful what sources you use because a lot of older Romani language “dictionaries” are really inaccurate.

xlunarpriestessx-deactivated201

rotasandribbons

Why is this in the Romani tag & also tagged witchcraft??

Romani people have zero cultural traditions of witchcraft. This is a giant f*cking stereotype that is usually perpetuated by non-Roma.

I noticed you tag all of your witchcraft posts with “lovari” and “bashalde”, but the only cultural elements on your blog are related to Hungarian culture, not Romani culture.. which are two very different things.

I find it curious that you are claiming to be a Romani “witch”, yet seem to really push your “Magyar” identity. Magyars are not Romani and vice versa.

And, you claim to be Lovari and Bashalde living in the US? I am originally from the region where both populations have large, established communities and I am Lovari. Who are you related to? What are your surnames? What communtiy are you from?

Do you speak Romanes.. because most Lovari do and most older Bashalde do.

this might sound like a stupid question, but who even is that girl?

Not at all.. She is a White lady from the UK, who suddenly developed this Romani identity and started using it publicly for whatever personal reasons. She made the mistake of posting a video of her “Old Romanichal” dialect on Wikitongues, in which she reads a grammatically incorrect mixture of Sinti sub-dialects and Vlax grammar from a teleprompter, while dressed like a stereotype sitting by a cauldron or whatever. It was shared among a bunch of Roma & Romany, who collectively determined it was a farce. She claimed to be the “last known speaker” of it, and is now trying to say she never made that claim. She keeps maintaining that it is not fake, it’s just “archaic”, and she is trying to start a school to teach it called the “Indo-Romani Vidyalaya”. Wikitongues has since removed her video due to its controversy, but it can still be found, here.

She has publicly claimed that her family all died in the Holocaust and on the Titanic, a tale that conveniently came to light when people started questioning her about her family history. According to her age, she is not old enough for the family members she claims to be victims of the Titanic to have actually been on the Titanic. She refuses to discuss her family history, and just repeats that she is from the Manouche “Ivend” family, which apparently does not exist. There is also no evidence or records that any of her family was interned or died during the Holocaust.

She claimed that she grew up in a vardo, but it was proven that she grew up in London and is the child of wealthy stockbrokers. The Romanichal community in the UK is extremely tight-knit and when several prominent members of their community said that no one knows who this woman is, she changed her story to say that she was ¾ Manouche and 1/4 “Irish” Romanichal. Romanichal activists have routinely stated that no such division of their community exists.

She also has given some speeches on what she calls the “old faith”, which is really just Witchcraft lifted from Buckland’s books. She’s trying to make “Gypsy witchcraft” happen, and refers to any actual Romani people who call her out as “half breed wannabees” who “don’t speak Romani”.

This is her Facebook, and this her website. She is very clearly a pathological liar who needs some form of emotional support or help. For whatever reason, she has made us the central pillar of her lying.

This is actually a good article on her and the damage she is doing by Julia Lovell and Amanda Schorr, both of whom are well known Romani activists. Ronald Lee has also publicly stated that her claims about her history and dialect are concocted, and he is one of the most knowledgeable and respected contemporary Romani scholars. This sort of thing actually impacts our ability to get grants and funding for research and documentation of our history and language, so it is far from a playful or innocent lie.

I am not usually for doxxing and posting people’s personal information, but these are all things that she publicly put forward.

#natalia ivend

I don't know the spelling of the few words I know, so I can't even try Google translate

Check out some sites I have on my language page! A few of them have search options that will come up with similarly spelled words if you spell things phonetically.

To be honest, it took me a long time to be able to write well in Romanes, and I grew up fluent in Lovari. I used a lot of Romani language resources just to learn how to write. We don’t really have our own alphabet, so don’t ever feel embarrassed about spelling words how you would say them. Also, don’t ever feel bad or guilty about having to look up words and how they’re commonly spelled.

All Romani dialects have words that we’ve absorbed from other languages and made our own. That is something that makes our dialects both awesome and unique.

There are also some really good resources for loan words in certain dialects, too. If you do a simple Google search for [Romani dialect] + loanwords, you can find some good resources to determine what languages certain words are from.

Like I said, though, not speaking Romanes or Sinti doesn’t make you any less Romani or Sinti. Don’t ever let anyone tell you otherwise!

Also, if you’re comfortable with messaging me off anon, I can give you some specific resources and would be more than happy to help you out with re-learning your language & common spellings of certain words.

Assimilation is killing me because there are words and phrases I grew up with and my mom grew up with and so on, but we have no idea what language we're speaking because no one in my family remembers where we first heard it

I’m sorry you’re going through that. Unfortunately, assimilation has long been used as a means to eradicate Romani culture and language. Remember, though, that you are absolutely entitled to reclaim your language. I have some language resources on my Language page if you’re interested. My inbox is also always open if you have any language questions, or if you just need to vent.

But, don’t ever forget that not speaking fluent Romanes or Sinti doesn’t make you any less Sinti or Romani. Our struggles and history have made us a strong, resilient people; don’t forget that ❤︎

My family is Sinti, and I don't know if people consider us white? Just because I've met people who think that all Romani people are white

Sinti are part of the Romani diaspora and are not White. Some Sinti are lighter skinned due to forced assimilation, but that does not make you White, and that is true of all communities within the Romani diaspora. People who suggest that all Romani people are White are incredibly ignorant about us and our history.

I would suggest looking into the political nature of terms like PoC, especially if you don’t live in the U.S., but I wouldn’t feel guilty about choosing to identify as PoC. That is personal decision, as there are light-skinned people of PoC & non-White ethnic groups.

You should never feel guilty about how you choose to identify, racially, as Romani racial identities are both fluid and complex.

I'm so light skinned that I feel guilty calling myself a person of color, but I also hate denying my heritage because it's something that's really important to me

I’m sorry you feel that way.

I can only speak from my personal experiences as being light skinned & Romani, but I don’t particularly identify myself as a Person of Color, either, because even though I would consider myself visibly Romani, I would not say that I’m visibly a PoC. I tend to refer to myself as non-White, but that’s just regarding me and my personal experiences.

You didn’t specify what your heritage is, so I’m not comfortable suggesting that you identify any particular way; it’s also a very personal matter that’s only up to you.

It’s a very political term, too, so it’s important to acknowledge the history and context in which it’s used. However, you should never ever feel guilty for identifying with your race or ethnicity, no matter how light-skinned you are

#asks #poc

rrojasandribbons

Conversation Starters in Vlax Romani

Greetings

Halo! | Hello! ah-loh

Te aves baxtalo | greeting towards a man t’ah-wehs bakht-ah-loh

Te aves baxtali | greeting towards a woman t’ah-wehs bakht-ah-lee

Te aven baxtale | greeting towards multiple persons t’ah-wehn bakht-ah-lay

Lasho djes! | Lasho dive! | Good day! la-shoh djays | la-shoh djee-way

Lashi detehara! | Lashi teharin! | Good morning! la-shee deh-tay-har-rah | la-shee t’har-reen

Lasho pala-mismeri! | Lasho posle-podne! | Good afternoon! la-shoh pah-lah-miz-may-r’ | la-shoh pohs-lay-pohd-nay

Lashi ratji! | Lashi rat! | Good night! la-shee rah-tʂyee | la-shee raht

Me loshav hoj maladilem tusa! | Nice to meet you! may loh-shaw hoy ma-lah-deel-yem too-sah Shukares te malodilol’as tut! | Good to have met you! shoo-kah-rehs tay ma-loh-deel-ohl’as toot Me loshav te pindzharav tut! | Nice to be acquainted with you! may loh-shaw tay peen-dhzar-raw toot

Conversation Starters

[mishto is sometimes pronounced “meesh-toy”]

Sim lasho | Sijum lasho | I am well (masculine) sehm la-shoh | see-yoom la-shoh

Sim lashi | Sijum lashi | I am well (feminine) sehm la-shee | see-yoom la-shee

Thaj tut? | Thaj tumen? | And you? (sing.) | And you? (pl.) t’hay toot | t’hay too-mehn

Najis | Najis tuke | Thanks | Thank you (sing.) nais | nais too-kay

Najis tumenge | Thank you (pl.) nais too-mehn-gay

Keep reading

Esma Redzepova has Passed

12.11.2016

Following a brief illness, Esma Redzepova, aged 73, passed away in Skopje, Macedonia. The global Romani community will mourn the loss of the “Queen of Gypsy Music”.

#rroma #rromani #gypsy #romani #news #esma redzepova

Čaro

bowl | dish | plate

Kado charo si shukar. This bowl is nice.

#rromani #rroma #rromanes #gypsy #romani #wordoftheday

Among many Romani populations, there is a strong relation between family groups and traditional professions.

Friday’s Fact | read more |

#rroma #rromani #romany #gypsy #fridaysfact

Pappani

turkey

E pappani’s adri boov The turkey is in the oven

#rromani #rromanes #rroma #romani #language

10 Romani Bands You Should Know:

1. Ando Drom

Founded in 1984 in Hungary, Ando Drom focuses largely on preservation of traditional Romani Music. The popular Romani singer, Monika Juhasz Miczura, also known as “Mitsoura” began her career with Ando Drom.

2. Gipsy.cz

Gipsy.cz is a Romani Hip-Hop group from the Czech Republic. They blend Black American Hip-Hop styles with traditional Romani music. They represented the Czech Republic in 2009 at the Eurovision Song Contest.

listen here

3. Mahala Rai Banda

Based out of Bucharest, Romania, Mahala Rai Banda was founded by the Lautari violinist, Aurel Ionita. Mahala Rai Banda mixes traditional Romani music with Balkan club music, the result of which is a style unique to the band.

4. Azúcar Moreno

Meaning, “brown sugar” in Spanish, Azúcar Moreno is a duo of Spanish Romani sisters, Antonia and Encarnación Salazar. Popular in the 1990s, the duo sold over 12 million albums and toured throughout Europe, The United States, and much of Latin America.

listen here

5. Gypsy Kings

Founded by Spanish Roma living in France, Gypsy Kings is best known for their flamenco-pop style. They record and perform in Spanish, and originally called themselves “Los Reyes”.

6. Svenko

Borne out of the Romen Theatre in Russia, Svenko, or sometimes called Svenko Band, is a Russian Romani band that plays traditional folk songs. All members of the band have a history of working in performance arts.

listen here

7. Kočani Orkestar

Translating to Orchestra from Kočani, the band has roots in the Macedonian town. Renowned for their fusion of Romani and Balkan brass styles, Kočani Orkestar has become quite popular in the Balkans. Their song, “Siki Siki Baba” was featured in the movie Borat. However, this was done without the bands permission and Kočani Orkestar filed a lawsuit for unauthorized use of their music.

8. Fanfare Ciocârlia

Fanfare Ciocârlia is a Balkan Romani brass band from Zece Prajini, Romania. The band has played more than two thousand concerts in over 70 countries and is renowned for never using sheet music during any performance.

listen here

9. Taraf de Haïdouks

Also known as Taraful Haiducilor, which is Romanian for “band of outlaws”, the Romanian based Romani band has become famous throughout much of Europe. The band is comprised of traditional Lautari Romani musicians.

10. Parno Graszt

Parno Graszt means “white horse” in the Romani language. The band was formed in Hungary in 1987 and plays traditional Romani music in both the Romani and Hungarian languages.

listen here

#rroma #rromani #romany #gypsy #romani #music

BIZA

Grass

noun | f | biza dialect: sinti origin: german wiese | meadow | lawn

Mar biza ila senali. My grass is green.

#wordoftheday #rromani #sinti #rromanes #language

Romani Sounds & Varying Scripts

The Romani language is not written in a single alphabet. In fact, it is written in a wide variety of alphabets & scripts. The following list will contain the IPA phoneme (or sound) with a linked sample, and the various ways it can be written:

a Latin: a Gaj’s Latin: a Polish: a Serbian Cyrillic: a Russian Cyrillic: a Armenian: ա

b Latin: b Gaj’s Latin: b Polish: b Serbian Cyrillic: б Russian Cyrillic: б Armenian: բ

ts Latin: c Gaj’s Latin: c Polish: c Serbian Cyrillic: ц Russian Cyrillic: ц Armenian: ծ (eastern) ձ (western)

tʃ Latin: ch Gaj’s Latin: č Polish: ć Serbian Cyrillic: ч Russian Cyrillic: ч Armenian: ճ (eastern) ջ (western)

tʃʰ (select “boy” from drop down menu) Latin: chh Gaj’s Latin: čh Polish: does not exist (written as ć) Serbian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as ч or чx) Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as ч) Armenian: does not exist (written as ծ or ջ)

d Latin: d Gaj’s Latin: d Polish: d Serbian Cyrillic: д Russian Cyrillic: д Armenian: դ (eastern) տ (western)

ʤ Latin: dzh Gaj’s Latin: dž Polish: dź Serbian Cyrillic: џ Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as ж) Armenian: does not exist (written as ժ)

dʑ Latin: dj Gaj’s Latin: đ Polish: ź Serbian Cyrillic: ђ Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as ж) Armenian: ժ

e Latin: e Gaj’s Latin: e Polish: e Serbian Cyrillic: e Russian Cyrillic: э Armenian: է

f Latin: f Gaj’s Latin: f Polish: f Serbian Cyrillic: ф Russian Cyrillic: ф Armenian: ֆ

g Latin: g Gaj’s Latin: g Polish: g Serbian Cyrillic: г Russian Cyrillic: г Armenian: գ (eastern) կ (western)

h Latin: h Gaj’s Latin: x Polish: does not exist (written as x) Serbian Cyrillic: x Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as x) Armenian: հ

i Latin: i Gaj’s Latin: i Polish: i Serbian Cyrillic: и Russian Cyrillic: и Armenian: ի

j Latin: j or y Gaj’s Latin: j Polish: j Serbian Cyrillic: j Russian Cyrillic: й (as in roj | pyй) or я (ya) | e (ye) | ё (yo) Armenian: յ

k Latin: k Gaj’s Latin: k Polish: k Serbian Cyrillic: k Russian Cyrillic: k Armenian: կ (eastern) գ (western)

kʰ Latin: kh Gaj’s Latin: kx Polish: does not exist (written as k) Serbian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as kx or k) Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as k) Armenian: ք

l Latin: l Gaj’s Latin: l Polish: l Serbian Cyrillic: л Russian Cyrillic: л Armenian: լ

m Latin: m Gaj’s Latin: m Polish: m Serbian Cyrillic: м Russian Cyrillic: м Armenian: մ

n Latin: n Gaj’s Latin: n Polish: n Serbian Cyrillic: н Russian Cyrillic: н Armenian: ն

ɲ Latin: nj or ny Gaj’s Lain: nj Polish: ń Serbian Cyrillic: њ Russian Cyrillic: written as н with corresponding я (ya) | e (ye) | ё (yo) Armenian: written as նյ

o Latin: o Gaj’s Latin: o Polish: o Serbian Cyrillic: o Russian Cyrillic: written as y Armenian: o

p Latin: p Gaj’s Latin: p Polish: p Serbian Cyrillic: п Russian Cyrillic: п Armenian: պ (eastern) բ (western)

pʰ Latin: ph Gaj’s Latin: p or px Polish: does not exist (written as p) Serbian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as п or пx) Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as п) Armenian: փ

ɾ Latin: r Gaj’s Latin: r Polish: r Serbian Cyrillic: р Russian Cyrillic: р Armenian: ռ

s Latin: s Gaj’s Latin: s Polish: s Serbian Cyrillic: c Russian Cyrillic: c Armenian: ս

ʃ Latin: sh Gaj’s Latin: š Polish: ś Serbian Cyrillic: ш Russian Cyrillic: ш Armenian: շ

t Latin: t Gaj’s Latin: t Polish: t Serbian Cyrillic: т Russian Cyrillic: т Armenian: տ (eastern) դ (western)

tʰ Latin: th Gaj’s Latin: t or tx Polish: does not exist (written as t) Serbian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as т or тx) Russian Cyrillic: does not exist (written as т) Armenian: թ

u Latin: u Gaj’s Latin: u Polish: u Serbian Cyrillic: y Russian Cyrillic: ю Armenian: ւ

ʋ Latin: v or w Gaj’s Latin: v Polish: w or ł Serbian Cyrillic: в Russian Cyrillic: в Armenian: վ

x Latin: x Gaj’s Latin: does not exist (often written as x) Polish: h Serbian Cyrillic: does not exist (often written as x) Russian Cyrillic: x Armenian: խ

z Latin: z Gaj’s Latin: z Polish: z Serbian Cyrillic: з Russian Cyrillic: з Armenian: զ

ʒ Latin: zh Gaj’s Latin: ž Polish: ż Serbian Cyrillic: ж Russian Cyrillic: ж Armenian: ժ

#rromani #rroma #rromanes #language #gypsy

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