I still have to get better at taking cute pictures
Color Me Curious
Sade Olutola
h
🩵 avery cochrane 🩵

oozey mess
todays bird
occasionally subtle

shark vs the universe
𓃗
let's talk about Bridgerton tea, my ask is open
sheepfilms
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izzy's playlists!
YOU ARE THE REASON
Cookie Run:Kingdom Official!
Fai_Ryy
Cosimo Galluzzi

tannertan36
almost home
Cosmic Funnies
seen from Germany

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@sarmiento96-blog1
I still have to get better at taking cute pictures
Inspired by Sarah Clifford, but I really want to reduce words. It really does help to use colors and drawings. I used to do this a lot when I was younger and even in my first year of medical school but life happened and I stopped putting so much effort.
Cancer pt 1
A cancer-y overview
the second most common cause of death in developed countries
29% of all mortality (13% worldwide)
12.7 million cases, 7.6million deaths in 2008
14.1 million cases 8.2 million deaths in 2012
Tumours originate in epithelial cells, cells of the blood and lymph system, connective tissue cells and neural cells
Hallmarks of cancer
Genetic Factors
Cancer Producing Genes are known as oncogenes - “Any mutated gene that contributes to neoplastic transformation”
These genes are activated in cancer
Often promote cell growth & survival
“Remove the brakes” from normal tissue homeostasis
Often repress cell death and differentiation
Result = lots more cells
Oncogenes
Prior to mutation these are known as “Proto-oncogenes”. Activation can occur by altering gene expression or protein structure (e.g. constitutive activation). Many common oncogenes promote mitosis/progress through cell cycle OR the evasion of death signals.
Activation is caused by genetic changes, including:
Point mutations: can result in production of an abnormally functioning protein product.
Deletions: of a few base pairs to loss of an entire chromosome
Gene amplification: resulting in excessive production of oncogene product
Chromosomal translocations: gene is activated inappropriately by another promoter region; caused by rearrangement of parts between nonhomologous chromosomes
Active oncogenes are found in tumours and are thought to be early events in malignant transformation.
Environmental Factors
Carcinogenesis - the process of initiating and promoting cancer
Initiation – irreversible genetic alteration of a cancer-related gene (oncogene or tumour suppressing gene (TSG))
Promotion – clonal expansion of the initiated cell (i.e. stimulation of growth)
Progression – stable alteration of an initiated cell. Gaining ability to invade and metastasise
Carcinogenic agents (will go into detail in future posts)
Chemical Carcinogens
Dietary factors
Biological
Viruses
Physical
Exposure to ionising radiation
Following exposure to a carcinogenic agent there can be a long latent period before neoplasia develops. This is because the steps of carcinogenesis must be in the right order (initiation, promotion, progression). eg if exposed to a promoter and then an initiator, all is good until exposed to another promoter after the initiator.
Like seriously…. do you know how hard it is to get my textbooks?
5 sites every med student should know about!
Folllow my studygram:Studyspiration
When it comes to medicine, understanding the principles is key, however it might be quite difficult to understand even though you attend lectures and read all the chapters, which is pretty normal since most of the times neither professors or text books make any great sense - therefore these different sites, or youtube channels can help you out a great deal. Here are a collection of some that I have found useful and that pretty much everyone I know makes use of.
1. Dr. Najeeb (https://www.drnajeeblectures.com/). You will often find medical students talking about this guy. He is probably what would be called a superhero between med students and that is for a good reason. His website features tons of videos that explains pretty much everything. He does it in an interactive way where he engages the audience and draws on the whiteboard so that you can follow along. This does cost money - however if you can split the bill between some of your friends, or you can use some other students login (if they are that generous ofcourse)
2. Kenhub (https://www.kenhub.com/). Now this website is amazing for studying anatomy or the central nervous system (I think they are working on expanding their content, but this is what they have for now). It is very good because it gives you a simple overview over what you need to learn. The content on here consists of videos, articles and many quizesses which I loved during anatomy.
This website costs a monthly fee (there are also other options for payment), however you can split this with some friends as well, I shared my account with my study buddy.
3. Khan academy (https://da.khanacademy.org/). You have probably stumbled across some of their videos on youtube, however they also have a website where all of these videos have been compiled and they have made up this “interactive” system where you gain points for finishing videos. this is for FREE. Yes you heard right free.
4. Anatomy zone (Youtube channel) Now this is almost an essentiel for every semester that you do. In almost all of your courses you need a little bit of anatomy, and thankfully this youtube channel has got you covered. It is soo good! I mostly make use of this channel, because honestly they just do it so well and its free.
5. Armando Hasudungan (Youtube channel). This very talented artist, makes all the medical concepts become illustrative and thereby making the understanding of the principles that we cannot see become more easy.
Study hard, study smart and stay motivated,
Love,
Dunia
I really love studying anatomy.
I am the ’70s child of a health nut. I wasn’t vaccinated. I was brought up on an incredibly healthy diet: no sugar till I was 1, breastfed for over a year, organic homegrown vegetables, raw milk, no MSG, no additives, no aspartame. My mother used homeopathy, aromatherapy, osteopathy; we took daily supplements of vitamin C, echinacea, cod liver oil.I had an outdoor lifestyle; I grew up next to a farm in England’s Lake District, walked everywhere, did sports and danced twice a week, drank plenty of water. I wasn’t even allowed pop; even my fresh juice was watered down to protect my teeth, and I would’ve killed for white, shop-bought bread in my lunchbox once in a while and biscuits instead of fruit, like all the other kids.We ate (organic local) meat maybe once or twice a week, and my mother and father cooked everything from scratch—I have yet to taste a Findus crispy pancake, and oven chips (“fries,” to Americans) were reserved for those nights when Mum and Dad had friends over and we got a “treat.”As healthy as my lifestyle seemed, I contracted measles, mumps, rubella, a type of viral meningitis, scarlatina, whooping cough, yearly tonsillitis, and chickenpox. In my 20s I got precancerous HPV and spent six months of my life wondering how I was going to tell my two children under the age of 7 that Mummy might have cancer before it was safely removed.So the anti-vaccine advocates’ fears of having the “natural immunity sterilized out of us” just doesn’t cut it for me. How could I, with my idyllic childhood and my amazing health food, get so freaking ill all the time? … My two vaccinated children, on the other hand, have rarely been ill, have had antibiotics maybe twice in their lives, if that. Not like their mum. I got many illnesses requiring treatment with antibiotics. I developed penicillin-resistant quinsy at age 21—you know, that old-fashioned disease that supposedly killed Queen Elizabeth I and that was almost wiped out through use of antibiotics.*
“If you think your child’s immune system is strong enough to fight off vaccine-preventable diseases, then it’s strong enough to fight off the tiny amounts of dead or weakened pathogens present in any of the vaccines.”
THIS THIS THIS THIS THIS
The most excellent point. Logical fallacy fully exposed.
As I have loudly bitched to my fellow crunchies, to claim that holistic medicines are a valid substitute for vaccinations disrespects the fact that >95% of the Native American population died, mostly from disease. Yeah, avoid sugar and don’t eat pesticides, but all the healthy living in the world ain’t gonna help you if measles wipes out your immune system, and you can’t live if you’re dead.
(via https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vziF8Hc6Uw)
Don’t touch me! you’re poor :))))))(((( could be me…i want it so bad
How to build a human.
Source: not mine, not sure where the original came from
My boyfriend has invented a new game called “diagnosis” to help me revise for my exams
He isn’t a medic so he has to learn about a disease and then pretends to be my patient and I diagnose him - we do it over facebook messenger (we are long distance)
It’s probably the most thoughtful thing anyone has ever done for me to help me revise I’m so in love.
I love this so much <3
Cuties patooties
TYPES OF STUDENTS
a. studies to learn, not to get good grades. doesn’t stress about anything, sloppy handwriting, stacks of books, takes napping seriously b. spends every single night working their ass off for their grades yet still people think they are naturally smart c. spends more time procrastinating than actually studying. gets still good grades. secretly envied by others. d. always late, never has their material with them and interrupts everyone. still liked by everyone. e. the stereotypical hipster. loves classics, coffee and rainy weather. can be found at coffee shops reading or observing people. f. perfectionist who feels the need to better than anyone else. gets mad when a friend gets a better grade. g. envious of everyone. wants to get good grades but spends their time watching netflix all day long, still has the gut to complain about not having enough time to study. h. tries to do everything they can even though their mental health isn’t the best. skips a lot of school days to catch up on school work.
I’m a+h, with a dash of g
Im a+ a little bit of g
It feels so nice to finally have a place to study 😍
skeletal system notes from a few weeks ago (all diagrams by me), loving using goodnotes in conjunction with procreate 😍
handwriting goals
Diagrams so pretty!
Med school exams be like
Question: a patient presents with [very specific set of stereotypical symptoms] ...
Me: YES I KNOW THIS ONE I'M SO GLAD I STUDIED IT
Question: ... and is diagnosed with [syndrome]
Me: oh no
Question: given the likely treatment, what entree should they avoid during their birthday meal ten years from now?
Me: ...
There are total 12 pairs of cranial nerves that originate from our brain and brain stem. Each of them carries different functions related to different senses of body. Apart from sensory functions there are also some that work as motor nerves or mixed nerves. Here is a brief description of 12 cranial nerves.
1. Olfactory
This is a type of sensory nerve that contributes in the sense of smell in human being. These basically provide the specific cells that are termed as olfactory epithelium. It carries the information from nasal epithelium to the olfactory center in brain.
2. Optic nerve
This again is a type of sensory nerve that transforms information about vision to the brain. To be specific this supplies information to the retina in the form of ganglion cells.
3. Oculomoter nerve
This is a form of motor nerve that supplies to different centers along midbrain. Its functions include superiorly uplifting eyelid, superiorly rotating eyeball, construction of pupil on the exposure to light and operating several eye muscles.
4. Trochlear
This motor nerve also supplies to the midbrain and performs the function of handling the eye muscles and turning the eye.
5. Trigeminal
This is a type of largest cranial nerve in all and performs many sensory functions related to nose, eyes, tongue and teeth. It basically is further divided in three branches that are ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular nerve. This is a type of mixed nerve that performs sensory and motor functions in brain.
6. Abducent
This is again a type of motor nerve that supplies to the pons and perform function of turning eye laterally.
7. Facial
This motor nerve is responsible for different types of facial expressions. This also performs some functions of sensory nerve by supplying information about touch on face and senses of tongue in mouth. It is basically present over brain stem.
8. Vestibulocochlear
This motor nerve is basically functional in providing information related to balance of head and sense of sound or hearing. It carries vestibular as well as cochlear information to the brain and is placed near inner ear.
9. Glossopharyngeal
This is a sensory nerve which carries sensory information from pharynx (initial portion of throat) and some portion of tongue and palate. The information sent is about temperature, pressure and other related facts.
It also covers some portion of taste buds and salivary glands. The nerve also carries some motor functions such as helping in swallowing food.
10. Vagus
This is also a type of mixed nerve that carries both motor and sensory functions. This basically deals with the area of pharynx, larynx, esophagus, trachea, bronchi, some portion of heart and palate. It works by constricting muscles of the above areas. In sensory part, it contributes in the tasting ability of the human being.
11. Spinal accessory nerve
As the name intimates this motor nerve supplies information about spinal cord, trapezius and other surrounding muscles. It also provides muscle movement of the shoulders and surrounding neck.
12. Hypoglossal nerve
This is a typical motor nerve that deals with the muscles of tongue.
These are the 12 cranial nerves that carry many important functions in body.
sources: (x) (x)
I don't want to study anymore 😢