EVOLUTION OF CINEMATOGRAPH ( 19 CENTURY )
The Belgian physicist Joseph Plateau and the Austrian professor of practical geometry Simon Stampfer invented the Phenakistiscope, the first practical device to create a fluid illusion of motion.
Using a battery of 12 cameras Eadweard Muybridge records several series of The Horse in Motion, capturing successive phases of movements that allowed his patron Leland Stanford to study the positions of the legs of his race horses during different gaits
Étienne-Jules Marey developed the Chronophotographe, which could take 12 pictures per second from a single viewpoint.
In Leeds, England Louis Le Prince films Roundhay Garden Scene, believed to be the first motion picture recorded. Sarah Whitley, Joseph Whitley and Annie Hartley in the garden of Oakwood Grange, leisurely walking around the garden of the premises. Sarah is seen walking – or dancing – backward as she turns around, and Joseph's coattails are seen flying as he also is turning.
By William Kennedy Dickson and William Heise. Monkeyshines is a series of experimental short silent films made to test the original cylinder format of the Kinetoscope, and are believed to be the first films shot in the United States.
Dickson Greeting, by William Kennedy Dickson was the first semi-public demonstration of cinematographic pictures in the United States. The National Federation of Women's Clubs were shown a 3 second clip of Dickson passing a hat in front of himself, and reaching for it with his other hand on May 20, 1891 at Edison's laboratory.
On 28 October 1892 Charles-Émile Reynaud gave the first public performance of a moving picture show at the Musée Grévin in Paris, the Théâtre Optique. The show, billed as Pantomimes Lumineuses, included three cartoons, Pauvre Pierrot, Un bon bock, and Le Clown et ses chiens, each consisting of 500 to 600 individually painted images and lasting about 15 minutes.
Blacksmith Scene, by William Kennedy Dickson. The first Kinetoscope film shown in public exhibition on May 9, 1893 and is the earliest known example of actors performing a role in a film.
On April 14, 1894, a public Kinetoscope parlor was opened by the Holland Bros. in New York City at 1155 Broadway—the first commercial motion picture house. For 25 cents a viewer could see all the films in either row.
The Dolorita Passion Dance was banned in New Jersey after its use in peepshows (pornographic). Russell Kick quotes the work Censorship as saying it "was probably the first [film] to be banned in the United States."
La Sortie des Usines, the first film to be made in France.
The Dickson Experimental Sound Film by William Kennedy Dickson. It is the first known film with live-recorded sound and appears to be the first motion picture made for the Kinetophone, the proto-sound-film system developed by Dickson and Thomas Edison.
First hand-colored film, Annabelle Serpentine Dance by William Kennedy Dickson.
Charles Francis Jenkins displays the Phantascope, the first patented Film projector.
Incident at Clovelly Cottage by Robert W. Paul and Birt Acres is the first film to be made in the United Kingdom.
L'Arroseur Arrosé, the first comedy film.
The Execution of Mary Stuart, the first use of a special effect in a movie.
History of the Kinetograph, Kinetoscope, and Kinetophonograph by Antonia and William Kennedy Dickson, considered the first book of history on film, is published.
The first building dedicated exclusively to showing motion pictures was the Vitascope Hall, established on Canal Street, New Orleans, Louisiana, on June 26 — it was converted from a vacant store.
Later that year on October 19, the Edisonia Hall opened in Buffalo, New York in the Ellicott Square Building. The Edisonia was the first known dedicated, purpose-built motion picture theater in the world.
Alice Guy-Blaché, the first female film director makes La Fée aux Choux (The Cabbage Fairy) acknowledged as the first narrative fiction film. This movie also introduces screenplays for the first time.
In The Kiss, May Irwin and John Rice re-enact the kiss from the New York stage hit The Widow Jones, the first film of a couple kissing.[15]
The House of the Devil, the first horror film.
Le Coucher de la Mariée, a French erotic short film considered to be one of the first erotic films made. The film was first screened in Paris in November 1896, within a year of the first public screening of a projected motion picture.
Walking Troubles of Organic Hemiplegy was the first documentary film in the world, created by Romanian neurologist Gheorghe Marinescu. The film depicts several patients affected by debilitating neurological diseases walking before and after treatment.
The first example of object manipulation and stop-motion animation was the short film by Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart Blackton called The Humpty Dumpty Circus.
King John is the first film adaptation of the work of William Shakespeare. The film features Herbert Beerbohm Tree in the title role and features the death scene from King John.
