5. Musical Theatre and Stigmatization
Musical theatre, as a genre, is subject to stigmatization on multiple fronts. Firstly, there is the association with "popular" theatre, leading it to be seen as "low brow" compared to more prestigious theatre. Additionally, musical theatre demographics tend to lean young and feminine, both of which, especially when intersecting, face a lot of dismissal for their taste in art and culture.
Scholar Matt Hills discusses these phenomena in his articles “Implicit Fandom in the Fields of Theatre, Art, and Literature: Studying “Fans” Beyond Fan Discourses,” and “Popular Theatre and Its ›Invisible‹ Fans: Fandom as External/Internal to the Theatrical Field,” respectively, and the following analysis is based on those texts.
5.1 Musical Theatre as Low-Brow
Hills explains how, "in Mike Savage’s Social Class in the 21st Century[,] 'there are two modes of cultural capital, one which we term 'highbrow' and the other 'emerging''" Also sometimes referred to as "autonomous-autonomous" and "heteronomous-autonomous" modes, the distinction between them is that the former is universally seen as timeless and respectable (think Shakespeare), and while the latter is recognized for its cultural significance and impact, it is ultimately dismissed for being too commercialized.
"According to Savage’s data, 'highbrow' cultural capital is historically established and sanctioned in the education system, but 'it is also an ageing [sic] mode of cultural capital' which can be contrasted with 'emerging' cultural capital displayed by younger people and legitimated through their social media usage rather than through the educational system" (Hills).
Musical theatre falls under the "emerging" category of theatre despite being a long-established art form. This is mainly due to the commercial aspect of it and the seemingly endless rotation of new shows, especially those which handle topics more appealing to younger audiences (such as high school, the internet, and LGBTQ+ issues) and whose composition borrows from pop and R&B styles as opposed to the traditional Sondheim sound.
Therefore, it is no surprise that musical theatre has taken to fandom spaces, largely occupied by enjoyers of other "heteronomous-autonomous" media such as television. With its market appeal to a younger audience and its exclusion from "high-brow" theatre, fan culture develops in online niches.
5.2 Anti-Fandom Sentiment
"[Joli] Jensen (1992) also argued that modes of engagement have been assumed to distinguish 'fans' and 'aficionados': where fandom involves 'an ascription of excess, and emotional display,' the affinity of an arts patron 'is deemed to involve rational evaluation, and is displayed in more measured ways,' such as applause after a play. These cultural assumptions 'are based in status (and thus class) distinctions'" (Hills).
It is telling that the assumptions are classist (and by proxy, ageist), especially considering the soaring price of theatre tickets, even for musical theatre. Anti-fandom sentiment, however, is also rooted in sexism. Hills writes: "This 'theatre snobbery' is at least partly gendered and directed against allegedly excessively emotional fangirls (Garside 2015)." Women, especially young women, face immense scrutiny when they engage with theatre or film due to their cultural perception as "shallow" and "emotional." Their cultural interests are often ridiculed or dismissed until someone with more social capital co-signs the media's merit. Compare, for instance, the perception of The Beatles in the 1960s and present-day, and you may find that what is now The Greatest Rock Group in History was once just a group of mop-headed teen heartthrobs.
Featured in Hills' article “Popular Theatre and Its ›Invisible‹ Fans: Fandom as External/Internal to the Theatrical Field” is an excerpt from Stacy Wolf's exploration of the sexist treatment of Wicked and its female fans by critics. She wrote:
"When Wicked opened in October 2003, critics who did not like the show used girls’ fandom to justify their own negative appraisal, arguing that girls, who could not distinguish between good and bad theatre, were the obvious intended audience for the silly show. [...] [I]n 2006, with the musical’s popularity [...] growing, [...] critics, who then claimed to appreciate the show, [...] stressed the musical’s 'universal appeal' and disavowed any notable relevance to girls’ lives."
This is just one of many examples of the constant dismissal faced by fans of musical theatre. Accusations that these shows are purely commercially-driven spectacles, or that they have minimal literary value, miss out on all the details which attract fandom, and those most often missing details are those who are the least likely to find themselves or their interests addressed in musical theatre. It is, ultimately, an art form for the underdog and the outcast, be it due to gender, race, sexuality, class, or age. It is incredibly ironic that it is those demographics who are the least likely to have the means to attend a show in person. The stigmatization of musical theatre is a reflection of a larger systemic issue: one which disenfranchises the fans who care the most about shows and ultimately results in online fandom being the only safe space for fans, new and old, to interact with each other and share a connection through their favourite media (most often not experienced live, but rather via a bootleg recording).
