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Our first day of service saw us in Canto Grande. This poor barrio (called a ‘pueblo joven’ in Peru) is on the outskirts of Lima. It is there that the Christian Brothers run a school called ‘Fe y Alegria 26’, one of a system of schools funded by the government but run by religious communities which…
Good luck out there guys.
A Return to Newton's
So, while at my aunt's house for Christmas Eve, I was watching bugs bunny. Bugs bunny defies the laws of physics. Newton stated that every action in motion wants to stay in motion relative to direction. For example, while bugs bunny is running from Elmer, he turn and runs the opposite way in mid air. Not possible. Bugs Bunny defies the laws of physics.
This video displays several pendulums, each of different lengths, resulting in visual patterns. Each pendulum conserves energy throughout the ball’s path. When the ball is at one of the ends of its path, its potential energy is a maximum and its kinetic energy is a minimum. At the center of the path, the potential energy is a minimum and the kinetic energy is a maximum. The kinetic energy in the middle of the path = the potential energy at the end of the path = the total energy in the system. The fact that the pendulum’s return to starting position and the original pattern shows that both energy and momentum were conserved.
Nice video. However, keep in mind that energy is not always conserved, it can be lost in the form of heat through friction or other ways such as sound.
Energy Release
Unlike momentum, the energy in a system can be lost. However, energy is never destroyed rather only transformed into another form of energy. For example, on our homework one of the questions asks to account for the loss of energy; there are several possible answers to where the energy in a collision could be lost to. One of the most common ways energy leaves a system is through heat. Take bending a pice of metal for example; when a piece of metal is bent it heats up in that area, thus showing how energy is released through heat.
Friction
While snowboarding this weekend there was not a lot of snow on one of the trails so the bottom of my board was in contact with some grass and rocks. The friction that was created was far more than on the snow thus my speed slowed. Friction in everyday situations.
This is a photo of a closed system in which we were determining energy and velocity of a certain mass cart. The mechanical energy at any point is equal to kinetic energy plus potential energy. We can find the energy at any point in the system with a given mass and height. KE=1/2mv^2 and PE=mgh. Pretty simple!
So today we decided to talk about bullets and the difference between full metal jacket (FMJ) rounds and hollow point (HP) rounds. The difference is (surprise!) the HP round has a hollowed section. When the bullet strikes a soft target, a tremendous amount of pressure builds up and the bullet expands. This deals a great amount of damage to soft(unarmored) targets but can have difficulty penetrating anything else. The HP round typically should not fragment, and to ensure it doesn’t some rounds are “jacketed” with copper or steel. If the round does fragment it can hardly penetrate anything.
Anyway, kids, remember to use your knowledge for good and not for evil!
This is interesting. The reason that the bullets have trouble penetrating objects when they fragment is because the mass lessens and momentum is will each fragment, thus you can technically say that momentum is spread out. However, we have to remember that momentum is always conserved. If you were to take each fragment of the bullet and add up the vector sums of each, the result would be equal to the momentum of the bullet before it fragmented.
The picture above pertains to the idea of work (W). Work is the product of force times the distance the an object moves. The tree in the photo does no work because there is no movement; though a force may be being applied to the tree, it has no movement in distance. For example, if the force applied on the tree was 20N then work would equal W=(20N)(0) or 0J. The boy, on the other hand, would move a distance with a force being applied, thus work is being done.
A bow is a perfect example of the conversion of potential energy to powerful kinetic energy. When an individual pulls the bow string back, potential energy is built up; if you let go of the string the energy is converted to kinetic energy sending the arrow at a high velocity. The more weight it takes to pull the bow back, the more power that is built up. For example, my bow is set to a 60 pound pull back and my cousins is at 70 pounds. Because of our draw weight difference, the velocity of the arrows differ as well- his obviously has a faster velocity than mine. However, when hunting not that much power is completely necessary. A bow with a 45 pound pull back can still get the job done- showing the actual power that can be produced.
This is Tyler running up 16.3 feet of stairs. By timing him and measuring the distance he ran we were able to then calculate his power, horsepower, and watts. Tyler's time is not that fast, but we are not here to judge- just calculate.
Impulse
Impulse is a vector. It can be defined as the force acting on an object times the time during which the force is exerted. The equation is J(impulse)=f▲t. Either parts of the previous equation can be set equal to ▲p(momentum). Because of this, a small force applied for a large amount of time can cause the same changes that a large force can over a short amount of time.
You can even go further in depth with this idea. Almost all of these equations can be set equal to each other : J=F(deltaT)=(deltaP)=M(deltaV)=m(Vf-Vi). If you think about each of these equations while doing questions involving momentum or impulse it makes it that much easier to lay out your variables and pick the right equation to use.
Change in Direction:
Sometimes a sharp change in magnitude and direction of velocity can hurt. This snowboarder apparently did not account for traffic and learned the hard way that a quick change in velocity to zero can leave a mark. Though he may have deserved it for not thinking ahead, it must really stink to be that guy. This is essentially the reason for seat belts in cars- rather than changing velocity in an instant, the seatbelt increases the time it takes to stop thus decreasing the pain you feel.
Wing Suit
When the juniors went on their trip to West Point, Mr. Love showed us a video of a man cliff diving with a wing suit and a parachute. The wing suit allowed the man to control his speed and direction through the movement of his arms and legs. The reason he was able to do this was due to air resistance. The air resistance pushing on certain parts of the suit that he was manipulating allowed him to control aspects of his flight. Though there was not enough surface area of the suit to slow him down so a parachute is needed to increase the surface area for the air resistance and decrease his speed for landing.
Calculus and physics
I have an AP Calculus test today and while going over it with Vin and Bobby I realized the comparison with momentum in physics. If you have a triangle inside a parabola with vertex at the origin and base parallel to x-axis thus the two sides of the base over the y-axis are both value x. The two components add up to 2x thus similar to component momentums.
This video shows an astronaut dropping a feather and a hammer at the same time on the surface of the moon. The video supports the notion that all objects accelerate due to gravity at the same rate, regardless of mass. On earth, the hammer would fall first because of air resistance, but there is no air on the moon, so only gravity is present. These objects fall more slowly than they would on earth because the moon’s gravitational force is weaker than earth’s. This is because the moon has less mass, and gravitational force and mass are directly related.
I think its crazy how it’s not only the hammer and feather falling to the moons surface but the moon is being pulled upward (in the words of the great Martin Mahoney: ever so slightly).
It's interesting how just because something is bigger it has more gravitational pull. Take earth for example; earth has more mass and has a bigger gravitational pull on objects than the moon does.
Hockey Game
Though we haven't talked much about friction yet this year, the Iona Prep hockey game got me thinking. The puck on the ice is a close simulation to a frictionless environment. If the puck were on a surface such as gravel, te force of friction would be much more evident.
Now if the watermelon had stayed intact, would the collision with her face be inelastic or elastic. Most likely it would be elastic because it would bounce off her face. In an elastic collision kinetic energy and momentum are conserved. You can see from the video that the momentum of the watermelon was directed in the negative direction, if we call the direction it was supposed to go positive. The momentum was directed right at her face.
