we're not kids anymore.
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Peter Solarz
RMH

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Xuebing Du
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Kiana Khansmith
cherry valley forever

Kaledo Art
One Nice Bug Per Day
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sheepfilms
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@studysposunshine
Finish Your Antibiotics
I’m sorry, this isn’t Jojo at all but I think I’ve had it for today. As a pharmacy tech, I’m tired of hearing “Well, I started to feel better so I didn’t finish them.” I always knew this but now as a Molecular and Cellular Biology major, I not only know why but how. If you’re willing to heed my advice from the title, good; be on your way. If you need to know more, keep reading.
It’s widely known–to some extent–that not completing a regiment of antibiotics can result in resistant bacteria, or even super bacteria.
But in an infection, you already have resistant bacteria lurking. Not taking antibiotics doesn’t literally create resistant bacteria. So how, then, do the antibiotics take care of the resistant ones?
A lot of antibiotics aren’t bacterialcidal: They don’t actually kill them. Many inhibit growth by some mechanism depending if the bacterium is gram negative or gram positive. For example, penicillin inhibits growth by disrupting the formation of a peptidoglycan layer on gram positive bacteria. Others target the LPS layer on gram negative ones. This keeps the non resistant bacteria at bay. So what kills the resistant ones? Your immune system. Antibiotics buy time and energy for your immune system to recognize and destroy the resistant strains. Your immune system is intelligent in that sense and can form antibodies for new illnesses. It’s important to give your immune system this time because bacteria grow, mutate, and transfer genetic material at astonishing rates. If you wanted to look at a microcosm of the mechanics that go into evolution, you’ve got it with bacteria.
There are three methods aside from binary fission in which they transfer genes (I won’t get into the minutia of the form of informational material): Transformation, transduction and conjugation.
In transformation, a bacterium can pickup lost genes from a ruptured and dead cell.
Transduction is a way to transfer information via a viral vector.
In conjugation, genes are transferred through something called a pilus: It’s a bridge between two cells that pipes a copy of the information from one cell to another receptive cell and is the only method that doesn’t involve killing either cells. Resistant bacteria like to give around that resistance information like they’re burning a CD for their friends.
So please finish your antibiotics if you’ve been given them. It doesn’t matter if you’ve started to feel better or even great. Finish them.
(Hey science people, If I’ve missed anything or even got something wrong, help me out. There’s obviously lengthy stuff I’ve left out but I think I got the basics).
School term just started again and life’s gonna get hectic, yay
Wednesday 5 September
First day back to school - year 11
3/100 days of productivity challenge
I really enjoyed seeing my friends again after the summer. It was sooo lovely and I’m so happy to be back with them again but a lot of things have changed.
My history teacher has left and the new teacher isn’t at all organized and he has already picked favourites. He also made us read out loud which made me have a tiny panic attack on the first day of school! (I took it under control but I was so close to having a bad one)
Also, all the teachers keep stressing us out. It also didnt help that I had awful cramps the whole day. I met my friends tho!!!
i finally finished setting up my workspace in my new apartment and honestly??? i’m completely in love
An oddly satisfying moment: reading about the literature of national revivals at a café named after Josef Jungmann.
Weekly study schedule printable
After releasing my monthly calendar printables in several colours, I decided to publish my study schedule with a few different options in design and colour! I’ve had so many people say they’ve been really helpful and that makes me so happy! I’m just pleased to know that something small I’ve done has the ability to help someone who needs a little bit of organisation in their lives.
For ease, I’ve created entire Google Drive folders for the timetables starting on either a Monday or Sunday. You can then go through to pick whether you’d like it with or without times on the left-hand side. Then you can pick a colour, download it and print! Click the links below to access the PDF files.
Monday start (includes with and without times, and four different colours) Sunday start (includes with and without times, and four different colours)
If you need some inspiration on how to use your new timetable, check out my sample! Other examples you can see on my blog or on my tagged photos on Instagram!
I hope you enjoy using these and if so, I’d love to see them in action! Feel free to tag me on Tumblr with #emmastudies or on Instagram with my username @emmastudiess in any photos you upload. If there are any problems or errors, please let me know via my inbox.
Disclaimer: This printable is for personal use only. You may edit it yourself if you like, but please do not redistribute without my permission. Thank you!
april 02 2017, day 3 of #aprilstudychallenge
day 3: study notes! these are lame because lately i’ve been in a weird mood & i haven’t been happy with any my stationery, handwriting, or anything. 😕 does anyone else ever have this problem?
in a meh mood but here’s my instagram
IV/Fluid Therapy Quick Sheet
Review Fluid/Electrolyte Balance!
Purposes of IV Therapy
1. Fix electrolyte/fluid imbalances: bleeding, burns, diuresis, N/V/D 2. Blood transfusions/repeated blood sampling (short term) 3. Medications: including pain management (PCA) 4. Nutritional support: NPO 5. Chemotherapy 6. Surgery
Six Rights of Medication Administration!
1. Right patient 2. Right drug/solution 3. Right dose/concentration 4. Right route 5. Right date/time 6. Right documentation
IV Solutions
Isotonic Fluids:
- Fluids with the same osmolality as the cell interior. ICF & ECF are isotonic already (or should be). - Used to replace extracellular volume - Ex. D5W, 0.9% Normal Saline (NS), Lactated Ringers (LR) - 250-375 mOsm/L
Hypotonic Fluids:
- Fluid with more water than electrolytes, or a lower osmolality than the cell. This causes cells to swell. - Used to hydrate cells. - mOsm/L < 250 - Useful in treating patients with hypernatremia - NOT good for fluid replacement because it lowers ECF fluid and lowers BP. - Ex. 0.33% NS, 0.45% NS - Monitor for cerebral edema!
Hypertonic Fluids:
- Higher osmolality than cells. Draws water out of cells and into the ECF. - Used to replace electrolytes and/or treat shock. - Ex. D10W, D50W (TPN), D5NS, D5-1/2NS, 3%NS - Great for treating hyponatremia - Monitor BP, lung sounds (think about why??), serum Na+
Potential Complications
- Infiltration: IV fluids/meds leak into surrounding tissue. - Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein. - Thrombophlebitis: A blood clot causes inflammation and pain. - Extravasation of vesicant medications. - Unexpected outcome (think about what else could happen?)
Needle/Catheter Size
- The higher the number, the smaller the size. - Adults: 18-24 gauge - Children: 22-24 gauge - Ask yourself: what will be infusing? Does the patient have any prior conditions such as a mastectomy, edema, or another injury? - Trauma patients need the largest needle possible. - 14, 16, 18 = trauma, surgery, blood infusions - 20 = continuous or intermittent infusions - 22 = children and elderly patients - 24 = fragile veins
Peripheral IV Site
- Use most distal part of extremity, usually the non-dominant forearm. - Find a palpable, non-rolling vein. Picking veins is not something you can just read and immediately understand. It takes practicing! - Prepare all equipment BEFORE beginning procedure. - Wash your hands, explain the procedure to the patient and family, and make them as comfortable as possible.
NCLEX Questions:
1. An order comes in for a patient with hypernatremia. It reads: give 1000mL of 3.0%NS over 8 hours. What should the nurse do first? a. Gather equipment and calculate the IV flow rate. b. Obtain patient consent. c. Get another RN to verify the order. d. Contact the physician to correct the order. e. Call the pharmacy to obtain the fluids.
2. Which statement by the patient requires the nurse to provide more teaching? a. “I should tell you if my IV site starts to hurt.” b. “I can disconnect my IV when I use the restroom.” c. “A tiny air bubble will not cause any harm to me.” d. “I should keep my IV site below heart level.” e. “I may continue to receive fluids and/or medications even if I am feeling better.”
3. Which size needle and location is best to use on a patient who is receiving a blood transfusion? a. 20g, left forearm b. 18g, right hand c. 16g, left AC d. 20g, right AC e. 22g, right forearm
Sources:
Clutter, P. & Ho, T.V. (2018). Intravenous Therapy & Math Review.
Lewis, S. M., Bucher, L., Heitkemper, M. M., Harding, M., Kwong, J., & Roberts, D. (2017). Medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
https://opentextbc.ca/clinicalskills/chapter/8-2-types-of-iv-therapy/
**This is not all of the information about IVs, but I didn’t want to make this too long. After I learn more about it, I can post about flow rates and how to start and change an IV site.**
Answer Key: 1. d - A patient with hypernatremia should NOT receive a hypertonic solution. This hypertonic solution will draw even more water out of the cells and could potentially cause fatal pulmonary edema and many more complications. A hypotonic solution would be better in this case.
2. b - Any interruption in the flow of fluids or medication can have serious effects on the patient. Disconnection/reconnection also increases the risk of infection and occlusion. It is best to teach the patient to use the call light when they need to get up so that they can be assisted.
3. c - A larger needle is best to use during a blood transfusion/trauma. The hand should never be used for a blood transfusion in an adult.
I tried studying with kava for the first time today! Check out my studygram @philoso.bri to read about my experience 😘
my mitochondria clearly aren’t working because this bitch has NO FUCKING ENERGY
Mitochondria machine broke
actually the funny thing is that this post is basically describing what researchers now think is the underlying cause in chronic fatigue syndrome (as in there is notable dysfunction in mitochondria that means less ATP is produced, especially under stresses)
THIS BITCH EMPTY
Y E E T
withniki
my 2018 spread - i really like how it looks! i’ve been trying to challenge myself in terms of artistic style with my bullet journal and stray away from things i usually do (e.g. calligraphy, certain colour schemes) as they can get repetitive and boring for me to always be making!
taken from my studygram
Brain waves
august 26, 2018 // it’s been a month since my last post and damn it’s included two busy, hectic and stressful weeks of trials. anyway I’ve been posting too many ancient history notes haha so here’s a look at one of the desktop wallpapers I use by @emmastudies, my new laptop and a bit of my new desk!!
more original posts
Hoe Tips: School and Studying
I’m currently in PA school with close to a 4.0 GPA, and with college and back to school starting up, I’m dropping some tips for y'all. A hoe gotta get bomb ass grades if ya want a bomb ass career and to be successful af. So let’s get it✨
1. Write out your notes. Have two notebooks: one for when you’re in class (this one can be messy) and one for at home (this one is the neater one, for color coding, formatting, and all that organizational jazz). Writing things out is proven to enhance memorization 7X more than just reading is.
2. Have a go-to format for your notes. Numbering, bullet points, whatever floats your boat.
3. Type out your notes. I use Google Drive, because it automatically saves all your shit, and you can access your notes via your Google account literally anywhere. Typing out your notes does the same thing writing them out does, as far as helping you review the material.
4. Use Quizlet. Quizlet is a free flashcard website/app that allows you to type in all of your flashcards and definitions, and gives you review options like matching, testing, flashcard mode, and more. This shit made me my high schools valedictorian, no lie.
5. Keep your old quizzes and tests. Often times, teachers will ask similar questions on finals.
6. For math-based subjects, always always always show your work in your notes. I try to explain each step for a math problem in the margins of my notes, and generalize how to do each problem at the end.
7. Do practice problems consistently.
8. For my college hoes: never take an 8 am class. You think you can do it because you did it for high school, but I promise you will regret it. If there’s no avoiding the 8 am lecture, bring coffee and skip any makeup/hair that day. Sleep is too important.
9. Make flashcards. The night before my exams, I like to try and fit everything I need to know for a specific chapter/topic onto one flashcard, in order to weed out main ideas.
10. For essays, easybib.com is amazing with free citations to avoid any plaigiarism or incorrect bibliographies.
11. Rent👏your👏textbooks👏. Unless your teacher specifically requires you BUY it, you likely won’t need the actual textbook. Buying access codes for the book online is hundreds of dollars cheaper.
12. If you do get your textbooks, a lot of them have chapter summaries at the end of each chapter. Be sure to write out/type out/review those summaries.
13. For science labs, if you are allowed, take pictures of any models or slides you need to know for your exams. Pretty much all labs won’t let you take pictures of cadavers or animal dissections, but plastic models and microscope slides should be fine.
14. If you have a question, ASK YOUR TEACHER. It is better to look stupid in class and get your clarification, than to look stupid when you get your exam back and actually have it count against your grade.
15. Do study groups. I have two nursing friends in some of the same classes as me, and we’d always meet up before exams to go over the material. We would bring dry erase markers and map out shit in empty classrooms, taking turns explaining shit to each other until we nailed it.
16. Try to teach the material. Like I said in #15, study groups are great for this. By teaching the material out loud, you are subconsciously reviewing it yourself. This is a HUGE help.
17. Take breaks. You cannot exhaust yourself and expect to still recall anything you learned.
18. I know everyone does this and there’s no avoiding it sometimes, but DO NOT CRAM. Gradual learning is most effective.
19. Have one day every week where you don’t do any schoolwork. You need time to reboot.
20. Use your phone’s calendar/task checklist app for all major assignments, due dates, exam dates, study plans, appointments, etc. Set reminders as needed.
21. Charge your phone in another room while studying. No distractions.
22. Rainymood.com is a free website that plays a 30 minute loop of rain sounds. It helps me focus like nothing else, especially in my loud ass household, and every time the loop stops and replays, I know to take a break between 30 minute study sessions.
23. Feel distracted at home when studying? Try studying in a library, cafe, or even at school. I find that going somewhere else to study actually forces me to pay attention to what I’m doing, for some reason.
24. Reward yourself for good grades. Buy yourself a slice of pizza or a new highlight, have a netflix marathon, go to a party, or take a nap. Whatever conveys a job well done, do it. It’ll make all that studying feel that much greater when it’s over, and you’ll have a goal to work towards.
25. Sit in the front of the classroom as often as possible. You’ll be forced to pay attention, be able to actually see the board, hear the instructor better, and you’re more likely to have your questions answered quickly because your teacher will actually see your hand go up.
26. Caffeinate. I prefer tea because it’s healthier, but coffee works too. Ya girl is NOT a morning person, but my morning tea at least helps me pay attention during earlier classes.
27. Keep all of your school shit organized, together, and labelled.
28. Do NOT skip a class just because you’re lazy or don’t feel like going. The temptation is real sometimes, but a hoes gonna be pissed when ya see your participation average decline.
29. This may just be a psychological thing, but I love to use the same colored/brand of pen for all of my notes/assignments/tests. It just makes everything seem more uniform, and I’m able to recall information better.
30. Trouble taking tests? For any multiple choice question, read the question and try to answer it first without reading any of the options. If your answer doesn’t match the options, then use process of elimination to find the best answer. For true/false questions, write out justifications for each answer (you can also do this for multiple choice). You’ll be acing your exams in no time.
31. Chewing gum during class/studying, and chewing that same flavor gum during the exam, has been scientifically proven to boost your memory recall.
32. Literally any time you have the opportunity to do extra credit, DO IT. Cherish that shit.
33. If you aren’t doing so hot in a particular class (literally any math class for me lol), schedule a private meeting with your professor and go over test questions you missed, or topics you didn’t get. If you know your professor is a flop, or can’t get an appointment, meet with a tutor or another professor of that same subject. Sometimes another voice can shed new light on a difficult topic.
34. For essays, readable.io critiques your writing for free based on readability, grade level, formality, tone, grammatical errors, etc. Seriously a life saver.
35. Also thesaurus.com is ya bff for fancier words/phrases to make your writing more eloquent
36. Always make an outline for every essay or project to organize what you want to say. This will keep you on track, and help you work around any quotes or sources in you writing to make sure your writing is hella organized.
That’s all I can think of for now, please please please feel free to add and share. Enjoy those 4.0’s, hoes💞
@lavietudier hoe tips
“Let go of who you were. Love who you are. Look forward to who you’ll become.”
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