[sumuenkeli]

hey! ive been active here before, but never really introduced myself, so here you go!

basics

im enfys seren toive, 20, german native, university student (studying finnish and scandinavian studies along with dapping into some other stuff in the general studies field)

languages im learning

are finnish, swedish, danish, and esperanto! along with some slight dabbing into some other languages

i want to

become a translator/interpreter once im finished with university!

hello hello! if youre focusing on any of the languages im studying, feel free to lmk! i need to follow more blogs 

[sumuenkeli]

“Muumipeikko ja pyrstötähti”n sanat - Comet in Moominvalley’s words - Komet im Mumintal-Vokabelliste

Sivu yksi ja takakansi - page one and the back cover - Seite eins und die Rückseite

merkillinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

luonnonilmiö - natural phenomenon - Naturerscheinung, Naturereignis

tulkita - translate, interpret, explain - dolmetschen, erklären, interpretieren

tuho - downfall, ruin, doom - Untergang, Verderben, Ruin, Vernichtung

merkki - sign; stamp; utterance, expression - Zeichen; Briefmarke; Äußerung

kaukainen - far away - fern

tähtitorni - observatory - Sternwarte 

selvä - bright; clear; clean - hell; deutlich; sauber

omituinen - specific; weird; curious, odd - eigentümlich; spezifisch; seltsam

pyrstötähti - comet - Komet

-> pyrstö - tail (as in a horse’s tail, an animal’s tail) - Schweif, Schwanz

liittyä - to belong to something; to join - sich jmd. anschließen; zu etw. gehören

neuvokas - perceptive, smart, innovative - erfinderisch, scharfsinnig, klug

viehättävä - delighting, enchanting; charming - begeisternd, entzückend; charmant

-> viehättää - delight, enchant - entzücken; begeistern, hinreißen

taival - distance - Strecke, Entfernung

edetä - get ahead, keep on going - weiter gehen, vorwärts kommen

huima - wild, untamed - unbändig, ungestüm, wild

seikkailu - adventure - Abenteuer

varoittaa - warn smb. from smth. - jmd. vor etw. warnen

vaarallinen - dangerous - gefährlich

syöksyä - fall - stürzen, fallen

uhkaava - threatening - drohend, bedrohlich

-> uhata - threaten - jmd. (be)drohen

kohti + Partitiivi - towards smth. - auf etw. zu

jolloin - where; whem; as, when - wo; wann; als, da

vievä - time-consuming - zeitraubend

saada valmiksi - to finish smth., get done with smth. - etw. zu Ende bringen, mit etw. fertig werden

otus - animal; beast - Tier; Biest; Vieh

keksiä - make up, discover - erfinden, entdecken

kummallinen - weird, strange - komisch, seltsam, merkwürdig

eräs - one - ein, eine, eins

aivan - entirely - ganz, genau, völlig

painua - sink; give in; boost smth. - sinken, untergehen; nachgeben; antreiben

tutkia - investigate smth. - etw. untersuchen, etw. erkunden

uskaltaa - dare - wagen, den Mut haben, sich trauen

varjoinen - shady (as in, a shady place, not a shady person) - schattig

panna - put - setzen, stellen, legen

oksa - branch - Ast

risti - cross - Kreuz

loikkia - jump, walk with big steps - springen, mit großen Schritten laufen

käpälä - paw - Pfote, Tatze

täynnä - full of - voll, voller

niitty - meadow - Wiese

Genetiivi + halki - across - über, durch, quer durch

virrata - flow - strömen, fließen, rinnen

kaartaa - bend - biegen, krümmen

kattaa - cover; encompass - decken; umfassen, beinhalten

seutu - area, region, surrounding - Gegend, Region, Umgebung

ihmetellä - wonder, admire - sich wundern, staunen, etw. bewundern

mahtaa - may, must - dürfen, mögen, werden, müssen

ihmeellinen - weird, strange; phenomenal - komisch, seltsam; phänomenal

miettiä - to think about smth. - an etw. denken, über etw. nachdenken

NOTE: I translated the words into German first, then into English, so the German translations are better than the English ones!

NOTE 2: etw. - etwas; jmd. - jemanden; jemandem; jemand

[artstudentnt]

Looking for german langblrs!

If you’re an active german langblr / langblr please reblog and I’ll follow you!

[sumuenkeli]

Vokabelliste

Cowboys

nouns

der Cowboy - the cowboy

das Cowgirl - the cowgirl

das Pferd - the horse

die Farm - the farm

die Ranch - the ranch

der Bauernhof - the farm (however this has less of a cowboy connotation and is moreso a farm in general)

der Cowboyhut - the cowboy hat

die Cowboystiefel (Sg. der Cowboystiefel) - the cowboy boots

der Sattel - the saddle

der Wilde Westen - the wild west

das Lasso - the lasso

die Kuh - the cow

der Stier - the bull

der Indianer/die Indianerin - the native american

adjectives

wild - wild

frei - free

verbs 

reiten - to ride (only with horses and other animals)

hüten - to herd

galoppieren - to gallop

das Lasso schwingen - to wield the lasso

[sumuenkeli]

Vokabelliste

LGBT

nouns

die Lesbe - the lesbian

die LGBT-Community - the LGBT community

der Regenbogen - the rainbow

die Pride/das Pride-Festival - the pride (festival)

die Fahne/die Flagge - the flag

der/die Bi/Pan/A/Homosexuelle - the bi/pan/homosexual (i know h*m*sexual is considered a slur by some in english, but i am not sure about how it is in german. i personally would be uncomfortable with it, so ask people first before you apply it to them)

die Ehe für alle - the same-sex/gender marriage (lit. marriage for everyone)

die Polyamorie - the polyamory

die Polygamie - the polygamy

die Beziehung - the relationship

die Hormone - the hormones

die Geschlechtsangleichung - i dont know how to translate this one, but it can be used both for taking hormones and the surgeries transgender people can get, basically it means aligning your social/biological gender/sex to your actual one

das Östrogen - the estrogen

das Testosteron  - the testosterone

die Hormontherapie - the hormone replacement therapy

adjectives

schwul - gay (only to be used by men in my experience)

lesbisch - lesbian

bi/pan/a/homosexuell - bi/pan/a/homosexual

transgender - transgender

transgeschlechtlich - transgender

transsexuell - transsexual (also considered outdated and misleading by most germans)

LGBT - LGBT

out - out

stolz - proud

nicht-binär/nichtbinär - nonbinary (i think its the same as in english, where whether you use the - or not depends on personal preference)

queer - queer (in german this is not really considered as much of a slur as it is in english and often used as an umbrella term, however there are people uncomfortable with it)

verbs

lieben - to love

feiern - to celebrate

sich outen - to come out

jemanden outen - to out someone

NOTE: most aces and aros also call themselves ace or aro in german, there arent any extra terms for that

[sumuenkeli]

Vokabelliste

Sternzeichen - zodiac signs

♈ - Widder (ram) means Aries

♉ - Stier (bull) means Taurus

♊ - Zwilling(e) (twins) means Gemini

♋ - Krebs (word for both cancer and crayfish) means Cancer

♌ - Löwe (lion) means Leo

♍ - Jungfrau (virgin, in old times used to refer to young women) means Virgo

♎ - Waage (scales) means Libra

♏ - Skorpion (scorpion) means Scorpio

♐ -Schütze (this nowadays refers mainly to people with guns, but in old times referred to people shooting with bow and arrow) means Sagittarius

♑ - Steinbock (ibex, apparently. it’s an animal) means Capricorn

♒ - Wassermann (literally translated: water man) means Aquarius

♓ - Fische (fish, plural) means Pisces

[sumuenkeli]

language (dialect) moodboard: Moselfränkisch

“Ein Reisebuch aus dem Jahre 1840 beschreibt das Moselfränkische in der Stadt Trier so: „Die Sprache hat in ihrer volltönenden Breite etwas ungemein treuherziges und gemüthliches“.”

this is my native dialect! 

[sumuenkeli]

Vokabelliste

Valentinstag

nouns

der Liebesbrief - the love letter

das Geschenk - the gift/present

die Pralinen - the chocolates (a box of chocolates, mainly)

ein hoffnungsloser Romantiker - a hopeless romantic (m)

eine hoffnungslose Romantikerin - a hopeless romantic (f)

das Date - the date (romantic meeting)

der Flirt - the flirt (is mainly used to refer to a person you are flirting with)

das Kino - the cinema

der Heiratsantrag - the (marriage) proposal

die Verlobung - the engagement

die Hochzeit - the wedding (ceremony)

die Ehe - the marriage

adjectives

romantisch - romantic

süß - cute, sweet (can be used to describe foods and people)

heiß - hot (for weather and people)

perfekt - perfect

atemlos - breathless, out of breath

verliebt - in love

verbs

lieben - to love

flirten - to flirt

mit jemandem ausgehen - to go out with someone

jemanden daten - do date someone

einen Liebesbrief schreiben - to write a love letter

jemanden ausführen - to invite someone out (this has a rather formal connotation, you wouldn’t say “ich führe dich zum Döneressen aus”, however “ich führe dich zum Dinner aus” is very much okay. things like the cinema probably depend on the person)

jemandem schmeicheln - to flatter someone

sich verloben - to get engaged

[sumuenkeli]

Objektit

There are two kinds of objects in Finnish, partitiiviobjektit and totaaliobjektit

partitive objects occur if the sentence is negative, irresultative, after numbers other than 1, if the word is an ainesana or if you are talking about an undecided amount of something they are, as the name says, in partitive (either singular or plural)

totaaliobjektit occur if you are talking about a specific thing rather than the thing in general (luen kirjettä vs luen kirjeen - i read any letter vs i read the letter (in one sitting)) totaaliobjektit can either look like the genetiivi yksikkö or like the nominatiivi monikko, and pronouns take a certain form if they are a totaaliobjekti (the akkusatiivi)

[sumuenkeli]

Prepositiot + partitiivi

Some prepositions always take the partitiivi following them. Some of them are

monta

pari

vähän

puoli

paljon

ennen

NOTE: The difference between monta and paljon is that paljon can occur with both ainesanat and other words, whereas monta can never occur with ainesanat. So you can say paljon ruokaa (ruoka = ainesana) and paljon omenoita, but you cannot say monta ruokaa, only monta omenaa, which is the same as paljon omenoita. So monta + partitive singular is the same as paljon + partitive plural

[sumuenkeli]

Ainesanat

Ainesanat are, easily explained, words that cannot be counted or arent usually counted. My Finnish teacher called them substance words, because they describe a substance rather than the single parts of which said substance is made up of

examples would be hiekka (sand), ruoka (food), maito (milk), and also things like omena (apple).

the difference between, for example, paljon omenaa and paljon omenoita is that in the first sentence, you treat apple as a substance (eg. there is a lot of apple in the cake), and in the second you treat apples as countable pieces (eg. i have to buy a lot of apples)

ainesanat always are a partitive singular object

some words are only ever ainesanat, whereas others can be both ainesanat and totaaliobjektit. generally, if you wouldn’t count the thing you are referring to you use partitive singular, as the word is an ainesana then

[sumuenkeli]

Sijamuodot

Partitiivi yksikkö

The partitive occurs after numbers (that arent 1), after negative sentences, after certain words, after so called ainesanat, if the amount is undetermined and if an action is irresultative.

The partitive singular is formed in three ways:

if the word ends in a singel vowel or ia, eA: A

(ihanaa, sataa, sotaa)

if the word ends in two vowels or a consonant: tA

(maata, puhelinta, lasta)

if the word ends in e: ttA

(meretta, hernettä, huonetta)

NOTE: A stands for a/ä, depending on Vowel Harmony

NOTE 2: The partitive can be formed with either the nominative form or the stem of the word, you have to learn it with each word

NOTE 3: There are some negative sentences which do not take the partitive (words that don’t follow in partitive after possessive constructions: nälkä, jano, kiire, kuuma, kylmä, hiki, hyvä/huono olo)

[sumuenkeli]

Verbityypit

Verbityyppi 5

Here the infinitive marker is -ta/-tä, if the vowel before the marker is an i. The t stays, but is followed by -se- and the personal ending.

häiritä

häiritsen                  - häiritsemme

häiritset                   - häiritsette

häiritsee                  - häiritsevät

tarvita

tarvitsen                  - tarvitsemme

tarvitset                   - tarvitsette

tarvitsee                  - tarvitsevat

lukita

lukitsen                    - lukitsemme

lukitset                     - lukitsette

lukitsee                    - lukitsevat

NOTE: I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

[sumuenkeli]

Verbityypit

Verbityyppi 4

Here the infinitive marker is -ta/-tä, if the vowel in front is any vowel other than i. The t is removed, thus resulting in two vowels following after each other. The personal ending is added after both vowels

tavata

tapaan              - tapaamme

tapaat               - tapaatte

tapaa                - tapaavat

juoruta

juoruan             - juoruamme

juoruat              - juoruatte

juoruaa             - juoruavat

hypätä

hyppään           - hyppäämme

hyppäät            - hyppäätte

hyppää             - hyppäävät

määrätä

määrään           - määräämme

määräät            - määräätte

määrää             - hyppäävät

NOTE: I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: The conjugated verb is in strong form

NOTE 3: Verbs of this type where the stem ends in aa/ää do not take the -V ending in 3rd person singular

[sumuenkeli]

Verbityypit

Verbityypi 3

ends in KK+a/ä, K+a/ä is the infinitive marker, meaning that the first K belongs to the stem; to form the present tense, K+a/ä is removed and an e is added after the stem and then the personal ending follows

mennä

menen               - menemme

menet                - menette

menee               - menevät

kävellä

kävelen              - kävelemme

kävelet               - kävelette

kävelee              - kävelevät

urheilla

urheilen              - urheilemme

urheilet               - urheilette

urheilee              - urheilevat

purra

puren                 - puremme

puret                  - purette

puree                 - purevat

NOTE: I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: K stands for consonant, thus KK stands for two of the same consonant following after each other

[sumuenkeli]

Verbityypit

Verbityyppi 2 - tehdä/ nähdä

with tehdä/nähdä, which belong to verbityyppi 2, the forms are built slightly differently. for one, the h disappears, and for two, the 3rd ps. singular/plural are in strong form (see astevaihtelu), and they do take the -V ending. other than that, though, they are conjugated like the rest of group 2 verbs

tehdä

teen             - teemme

teet              - teette

tekee           - tekevät

nähdä

näen            - näemme

näet             - näette

näkee          - näkevät

NOTE: I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural) 

[sumuenkeli]

Verbityypit

Verbityyppi 2

ends in -da/-dä, which is the infinitive marker; the infinitive marker disappears and instead the personal ending is added (see here)

example: 

syödä

syön        - syömme

syöt         - syötte

syö          - syövät

löydä

löyn         - löymme

löyt          - löytte

löy           - löyvät

saada

saan        - saamme

saat         - saatte

saa          - saavat

voida

voin         - voimme

voit          - voitte

voi           - voivat

NOTE: I am leaving out hän (3.ps. sg) and he (3.ps. pl) here, but in written/spoken Finnish there needs to be a subject going with the third person (both singular & plural)

NOTE 2: in this group of verbs, the ending -V is not added to the 3rd ps. singular, except for in tehdä and nähdä, which are formed slightly differently than the rest (see here)