The saga of San Juan Hill, cont'd (for Part I, see this post)
On September 11, 1957, residents of San Juan Hill, the integrated, predominantly working-class neighborhood on the West Side between 59th and 65th Streets and West End and Amsterdam Avenues, showed up at City Hall. They were protesting the destruction of their homes for the purpose of building an arts complex called Lincoln Center.
The public hearing lasted nearly 11 hours, with 24 speakers supporting the project and 36 opposed. The issue was framed as housing vs. culture. They also pointed out that the housing units that Robert Moses had reluctantly agreed to build as part of the redevelopment would be out of the price range of current residents.
Two weeks later, West Side Story opened on Broadway. It took place entirely in San Juan Hill, although the community was never referred to by name. Although it's hard to believe now, the show received generally cool reviews; critics were taken aback by its grim realism and aggressive, jazzy score (by Leonard Bernstein).
Many neighborhood residents were offended by the portrayal of their home. Puerto Ricans, who made up 24% of the population who lived there, objected particularly to the line in the show-stopping number "America" that called Puerto Rico an "island of tropical diseases." (They ignored the context, which is a back-and-forth between a Puerto Rican girl who romanticizes the island and another who mocks her dreamy outlook.)
On October 25, the Board of Estimate, which was then the city's main decision-making body, held another hearing on the redevelopment project. This one lasted 18 hours, but it seemed that the Board's minds were made up. In late November, they voted unanimously to go ahead with Lincoln Center. Next June, the first residents of San Juan Hill were relocated.
In 1960, as the last of the brownstones were being demolished, a film crew moved in. It was the (first) screen version of West Side Story.