Frontispiece, Orlando Furioso by Lodovico Ariosto, 1556 ed., Venice

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Frontispiece, Orlando Furioso by Lodovico Ariosto, 1556 ed., Venice
In 1556, the most powerful Jewish woman in Europe declared economic war on the Pope. Her name was Doña Gracia Mendes Nasi. Born in Lisbon in 1510, she came from a family of conversos — Sephardic Jews forced to convert to Catholicism, secretly keeping their faith alive at home. At 18, she married into the Mendes banking dynasty, one of the largest financial empires in Renaissance Europe. At 26, she was widowed and inherited half of it. What followed was one of the most extraordinary lives in Jewish history. She fled Portugal one step ahead of the Inquisition. In Antwerp, she ran an underground escape network for fellow conversos, smuggling them by ship and overland to safety in the Ottoman Empire. The route was known as El Camino Difícil — the difficult path — and many died crossing it. But hundreds made it to freedom. She bribed Emperor Charles V with an interest-free loan worth tens of millions in today’s money to drop charges against her family. She refused to let kings marry off her teenage daughter for her gold. When Venice imprisoned her on her own sister’s denunciation, the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire personally intervened to get her out. She bankrolled the Ferrara Bible, the first Ladino translation of the Tanach, dedicated “to the Very Magnificent Lady: Doña Gracia.” When Pope Paul IV burned two dozen Jews at the stake in Ancona in 1556, she organized an international trade boycott of the Pope’s port — believed to be the first organized Jewish economic boycott in history. The boycott ultimately failed, but the precedent was set: Jews could fight back. In 1558, she leased Tiberias from Suleiman the Magnificent and began rebuilding it as a refuge for persecuted Jews. She paid for a wall around the city and funded a yeshiva. She intended to live there herself. She died in Constantinople in 1569 before she could make the journey home. Ottoman Jews called her HaGibora — the Mighty Woman. They were absolutely right.
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Akutagawa daily 1556/★
Most Beloved Wrestler Tournament
#1556
Austin Gunn
Kenny Omega
#1556
"i know that they are two different bands but i am just asking this here because most food for feet fans are also oingo boingo fans..
does anyone have any band/artist recommendations that are similar to food for feet"
Evan Pettiwhisker Tildrum from Ni no Kuni II: Revenant Kingdom
"literally be nice to him, he is 12 years old and has never done anything wrong. i would vote for him for president"
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It's Complicated
▪︎ A flayed man holding his own skin.
Artist: Attributed to Gaspar Becerra (ca. 1520-1570); Engraver: Attributed to Nicolas Beatrizet (1515 - after 1565); Publisher: Antonio Salamanca (1478-1562) and Antoine Lafréry (1512-1577); From Juan de Valverde de Amusco, Historia de la composicion del cuerpo humano, Roma, 1556, f. M2a (Lib.2, Tab.1)
Date: 1556
Place of Publication: Rome
Medium: Etching and engraving
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