The Dutch crew, armed with swords, guns and torches, responded by chasing him onto the island, where he was briefly wounded and captured. Rodrigues somehow managed to grab a sword from one of his pursuers and escaped to the safety of Christiaensen’s vessel. For Mossel, Rodrigues’ resistance proved his claim that he was a renegade “black rascal” and not free. The Dutch courts disagreed with him, however, and by not returning Rodrigues to Mossel, implicitly ruled that he was a free man.
With the conclusion of the court case, Rodrigues disappeared from the written historical record. Some accounts suggest that he remained in Manhattan and established a trading post, where he was supplied with axes, kettles and other metal tools to barter with the Lenape. As the first-known nonindigenous resident of the region, he had knowledge about local language, customs and values that was invaluable to the growing number of Dutch visitors and settlers. He may have married and had children with a local woman and was perhaps still in the region when the Dutch West India Company arrived in Manhattan in 1625.
After 1626, when the Dutch West India Company brought a cargo of 11 Africans to Manhattan, Rodrigues was joined by more people of color. It is possible that Rodrigues stayed on Manhattan as late as the 1640s, when 100 Africans were living on the island (most enslaved) and formed over one-third of the labor force. Some reports indicate that he may have become known as Jan de Fort Orange and lived near the present-day Bowery in a community of free blacks.