#alkylation

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Definition,Mechanism & Difference Between Alkylation and Acylation

Definition,Mechanism & Difference Between Alkylation and Acylation

Alkylation is a transfer of alkyl group from one molecule to another using an alkylating agent. These alkylating agents have the ability to add a desired aliphatic hydrocarbon chain to the starting material. Unlike alkylation, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound using an acylating agent. These acylating agents have the ability to add desired RCO- group to the starting…

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Global and North America Alkylation Catalysts Market Forecast 2023

[labphoto]

Parallel reactions with only one reactant changed.

At this point I only added some sodium-hydride, a pyrrole and some halogenated compounds and even now there is visible difference between the five reaction. I hope, that non of them will produce a black tar. 

[labphoto]

Methylation of a phenol with dimethyl-sulfate and sodium hydroxide.

The decomposition products of the phenol has a strong brown-red color what causes this black color, but the reaction is going well even since it looks like a large amount of gunk. 

Dimethyl-sulfate ((CH3O)2SO2) is the ester of methanol and sulfuric acid and it is a carcinogen, mutagenic, highly poisonous, corrosive, environmentally hazardous liquid what is a quite well working reagent for methylation. But since it can methylate the DNA when it gets in the body, it could easily cause cancer what is not a really good thing...

But since the sodium hydroxide is used in excess, the dimethyl-sulfate will decompose into relatively safe methanol and sodium-sulfate, so we will survive this reaction unless someone drinks it. 

[aphoto-a-day]

I get to learn all sorts of fun stuff at work, and today was no exception.  Unfortunately for some poor organisation, one of their heat exchanger tube bundles sprung a leak.  I was reading a report into how it works and what went wrong, and this little diagram was quite handy in understanding exactly how everything fits together.  Sort of.

[releasingthetruth-blog]

DNA- fascinating video

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the…

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[undergradnotes-blog]

The Friedal-Crafts Reaction (Alkylation, Acylation through EAS)

The Friedal-Crafts reactions are a set of reactions used to attach groups to an aromatic ring. Alkylation and acylation can be successfully done through electrophilic aromatic substitution, paying close attention to electron donating and withdrawing groups. 

In alkylation, the product will be more nucleophilic than the reactant due to addition of electron donating groups (alkyl groups) thus multiple alkylations may occur. (Why is alkyl an electron donating group?  Click here to see a previous post about alkyl groups.)

On the other hand, acylation will not occur multiple times because the product is less reactive than the reactants due to the addition of an electron withdrawing group (an acyl group). 

* If the chlorine is not on a tertiary carbon, there is a possibility it will rearrange to form a more stable carbocation.