An Internet of Things and Machine Learning Based System to Measures Precursors of Epileptic Seizures by Bahman Zohuri in JBGSR
Artificial intelligence is a new phenomenon that has occupied a prominent place in our present lives. Its presence in almost any industry that deals with any huge sheer volume of data are taking advantage of AI by integrating it into its day-to-day operation. AI has predictive power based on its data analytic functionality and some levels of autonomous learning, which its raw ingredient is just the massive sheer volume of data. Artificial intelligence is about extracting value from data, which has become the core business value when insight can be extracted. AI has various fundamental applications. This technology can be applied to many different sectors and industries. There has been a tremendous use of artificial intelligence in Nanotechnology research during the last decades. Convergence between artificial intelligence and Nanotechnology can shape the path for various technological developments and a large variety of disciplines. In this short communication, we present such innovative and dynamic sites utilizing artificial intelligence and its sub-sets of machine learning driven by deep learning in Nanotechnology.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Nanoscience; Nanotechnology; Atomic Force Microscopy; Simulations, Nano computing
Abbreviations: AI: Artificial Intelligence; AFM: Atomic Force Microscope; STM: Scanning Tunneling Microscope; ML: Machine Learning; DL: Deep Learning; BMI: Brain Machine Interfaces; EEG: Electroencephalograph; HPC: High-Power Computing; PSPD: Position-Sensitive Photodiode; IoT: Internet of Things; TCO: Total Cost of Ownership; ROI: Return on Investment
When Richard Feynman (Figure 1), an American Physicist and winner of Nobel prize and physics professor at California Institute Technology (CalTech), gave a talk under the title of “There is Plenty of Room at the Bottom” [1] at an American Physical Society (APS) meeting during December 29th, 1959, at CalTech, California, the door to ideas and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology, just got opened. Of course, this talk was way before the term nanotechnology was used in our ordinary daily English language.
In his talk, Feynman described a process in which scientists would manipulate and control individual atoms and molecules. Over a decade later, in his explorations of ultraprecision machining, Professor Norio Taniguchi coined the term nanotechnology. It was not until 1981, with the development of the scanning tunneling microscope that could "see" individual atoms, that modern nanotechnology began.
Anytime, these days, when talking about nanotechnology, we should think about how small things can be, such as an atom of any element or from a scaling point of view, what would be the “Size of the Nanoscale” or basically, just how small is “nano?” and what can we imagine about the scale of from Microscopic perspective. From metric MKS unit dimensional point of view or International System Units (ISU), the prefix “nano” means one-billionth or 10-9; therefore, one nanometer is one-billionth of a meter. It’s difficult to imagine just how small that is, thus, here we are presenting some examples to clear the matter better [2].
1. A sheet of paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick.
2. A human hair is approximately 80,000- 100,000 nanometers wide.
3. A single gold atom is about a third of a nanometer in diameter.
4. On a comparative scale, if a marble diameter were one nanometer, then the diameter of the Earth would be about one meter.
5. One nanometer is about as long as your fingernail grows in one second.
6. A strand of human DNA is 2.5 nanometers in diameter.
7. There are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
