#bacteroidetes

[currentsinbiology]

Clogged arteries may be down to bacteria, not diet

The fat molecules in the plaques that clog up our arteries and raise risk of heart attack and stroke may come from bacteria that live in our mouths and guts, not just from what we eat.

This was the main result of a study led by the University of Connecticut in Storrs that was published recently in the Journal of Lipid Research.

The researchers suggest that the finding may explain why gum disease is often linked to atherosclerosis – a condition in which fat molecules, calcium, cholesterol, and other compounds in the blood form plaques on the inside walls of arteries.

As the plaques build up, they harden and narrow the arteries, restricting the flow of oxygen-carrying blood to vital organs and tissues. This can lead to heart attack, stroke, other serious health problems, and even death.

The immune system also plays a role: immune cells can attach to the lining of blood vessels, feed on the fatty deposits, and multiply. This results in inflammation and thickening of the smooth muscle in the artery wall, which helps the formation of plaques and other growths known as atheromas.

For the new study, the team analyzed atheromas collected from patients being treated in hospital. 

 They found that the growths contained chemical signatures of lipids that could not have come from animals. Instead, they matched the signature of fat molecules made by bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes family.

[h-pylori-go-to-glory]

The Way to a Faster Metabolism Might Be Found…In Your Gut - Natures Fare

Have you put on a few pounds? It might not be your favourite cookie to blame…it might be your microbiome’s fault. Preliminary research has f

Idk if this is a decent source has some interesting ideas about types of bacteria, but claims it’s hard to get pylori back after eradicating it which seems sus. Claims reducing pylori increases ghrelin the hunger hormone

[hardoctornews]

I pazienti ipertesi possono presentare squilibri del microbioma intestinale

Le prove disponibili suggeriscono che i pazienti ipertesi possono avere uno squilibrio del microbioma intestinale, secondo una revisione della letteratura pubblicata sul Journal of Clinical Hypertension. L’ipertensione è un grave problema di salute pubblica in tutto il mondo. Si ritiene che lo squilibrio del microbioma intestinale svolga un ruolo importante nella patogenesi dell’ipertensione.…

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[noworriesfitnessandnutrition]

Different people have different Microbiomes. They can change in a single day and adapt over time as your diet changes and there is also a difference between obese and lean Microbiomes. Trillions of bacteria are classed in four groups. Two of them are very large groups and are the main differences between obese and lean Microbiomes. In a diet that has increased fat and sugar, Firmicutes are high and Bacteroidetes are low. However, this can be changed in just 12 weeks with the right weight loss nutrition plan. #poweredbyherbalife #microbiome #firmicutes #bacteroidetes #info #learning (at Brighton) https://www.instagram.com/p/BnTPLs8n4KJ/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=18odzw2l7dfq4

[pythonpassion]

Costello, Elizabeth K. et al. 2010.

Today in my Microbiology class I gave a presentation on the paper cited above called 'Postprandial remodeling of the gut microbiota in Burmese pythons'. They were basically looking at the diversity and composition of the microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract (small and large intestine) after fasting and then for the days post-feeding.

Overall microbes are essential to the host for their ability to break down indigestible food particles. Two of the main groups that are found across previously studied vertebrates such as humans and mice are the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. The prior break down complex polysaccharides (carbohydrates), while the latter break down complex proteins.

They took gut samples from 32 juvenile Burmese pythons and found the mass within the gut at the different time periods, and the diversity/composition of the microbial communities. The first figure above is looking at the Unifrac distance relative to fasted (gray bars) and content mass in grams (black squares) on the Y axis. The X-axis gives the different time periods sampled from. The mass within the gut steadily increases after the python feeds until day 10. The Unifrac distance - the larger the bar the more dissimilar, or more diverse that sample is - increases until about day 3 and maintains a steady high level.

The second figure shows the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in percentages for each time period. Bacteroidetes are dominant during the fasted state, because the only contents are comprised of mucosal glycans, or carbohydrates secreted by the gut lining. This makes sense considering Bacteroidetes are used in breaking down carbohydrates. After the rat (lots of protein) is ingested, the Firmicutes increase at the expense of the Bacteroidetes, as it is their role to break down complex proteins.

Something else they proved in the paper is that this microbial diversity is specific to the python, and isn't delivered via the rodent meal. The third figure shows a series of principle component analyses.  These take the two variables that define the maximum difference between the two communites and compare them to find similarity or separation. If the data points from the two sources - the python and rat - are far apart, this means they are dissimilar, and one can say that they are host-specific. Bacteria in general, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes show clear separation between the two. Lactobacillusis commonly found in the gut of rodents, and spikes during day three of digestion in the python. This suggests that the presence ofLactobacilluswithin the python comes from the rodent meal. However, the fact that bacteria overall seem to be host-specific, the rodent is an unlikely source for the diversity of microbes seen within the python gut.

The significance of this paper is that we see the same dominating phyla of microbes within the snake gut that we see in other vertebrates. This is more data that can be contributed to figuring out a 'core' set of microbes conserved across vertebrates, and possible essential for healthy gut functioning.