4.3.15 Learning in the Long Haul
How do we learn? How do we remember things? Well, while scientists don’t know everything about memory formation, they are well on their way to discovering some of the key mechanisms that make learning possible.Â
When we learn, there are physical changes in  the nervous system. Neurons fire when we learn something, and the strength of these connections between these neurons may be responsible for remembering. Take a process called long term potentiation for example. When something is learned, the neuron releases glutamate, an excitatory neurotransmitter that makes the next cell more likely to fire. Glutamate binds to a special receptor called the NDMA receptor. This receptor lets calcium into the cell, and that calcium set off a series of events run by enzymes that eventually put more AMPA receptors into the cell membrane. AMPA receptors are also glutamate receptors that let sodium rush into the cell. So with more receptors in the membrane to let sodium in, the higher the chance that the neuron will fire and make an action potential. This is learning at the cellular level! The stronger the synapse, the more receptors, the more the action is ingrained into your memory.Â
There are still many mysteries to learning. Although we know some of the processes by which learning occurs, there is much work to be done. I think if we understood better the mechanisms by which memory occurred, perhaps then we could do more to bolster memory. It’d be pretty neat to be able to remember everything, wouldn't it?