Making Salts
The state symbols in equations are added after a substance in subscript to denote what state the substance is found in in the reaction. They are:
(s) -- solid
(l) -- liquid
(g) -- gas
(aq) -- aqueous solution
Soluble salts can be made from acids by reacting them with:
Metals -- not all metals are suitable; some are too reactive/not reactive enough
Insoluble bases -- these are added to the acid until no more will react, at which point the excess solid is filtered away
Alkalis -- an indicator can be used to show when the acid and alkali have completely reacted to produce a salt solution.
Salt solutions can be crystallised to produce solid salts.
Insoluble salts can be made by mixing appropriate solutions of ions so that a precipitate is formed. Unwanted ions can be removed from solutions by precipitation.